脱色树脂在木糖脱色中的应用

介绍了脱色树脂在木糖液中的脱色性能，同时提出了脱色树脂脱色的最佳工艺条件。并且脱色树脂应用于木糖液脱色，既简化了生产工艺，又降低了工人的劳动强度，具有较好的现实意义。     

树脂在中药多糖脱色工艺中的研究进展

树脂是一类有机单体加交联剂、致孔剂、分散剂等添加剂聚合而成的吸附剂,主要应用于分离纯化过程中的填料,具有稳定性好、操作简便、回收率高等特点.利用树脂对中药多糖进行脱色不仅可以提高脱色率还能增加多糖的保留率,因此,在多糖提取分离纯化中占有重要的地位,本文通过查阅文献,综述了不同类型大孔树脂在中药多糖脱色工艺中的研究进展,...     

甜菊糖苷提取中脱盐脱色树脂的选择及流速对收率的影响

甜菊糖苷的工业提取中,通常以三氯化铁或硫酸亚铁为絮凝剂,对提取液进行絮凝处理,达到初步除杂的目的,从而人为引入了大量的铁离子和酸根离子。为提高后续吸附树脂的吸附量,改善产品品质,在大孔吸附树脂吸附前,对絮凝液进行脱盐脱色是至关重要的。对阳离子树脂001×7、001×14.5、001×16,与阴离子树脂330和D941相互组合,考察了不同组合下脱盐脱色的效果,以及不同流速对甜菊糖苷收率的影响。结果表明,选用阳离子树脂001×14.5与阴离子树脂D941相组合进行脱盐脱色,效果较好,且甜菊糖苷收率可达96.46%;脱盐脱色流速控制在3-4BV/h最佳。     

甜菊糖苷提取中脱盐脱色树脂的选择及流速对收率的影响

甜菊糖苷的工业提取中,通常以三氯化铁或硫酸亚铁为絮凝剂,对提取液进行絮凝处理。为提高后续吸附树脂的吸附量,改善产品品质,在大孔吸附树脂吸附前,对絮凝液进行脱盐脱色是至关重要的。通过对阳离子树脂001×7、001×14.5、001×16,与阴离子树脂330和D941相互组合,考察了不同组合下脱盐脱色的效果,以及不同流速对甜菊糖苷收率的影响。结果表明,选用阳离子树脂001×14.5与阴离子树脂D941相组合进行脱盐脱色,效果较好,且甜菊糖苷收率可达96.46%;脱盐脱色流速控制在3～4BV/h最佳。     

菊芋菊糖活性炭脱色的工艺条件

对菊芋菊糖提取液活性炭脱色工艺条件进行了研究,比较了几种不同厂家生产的不同规格的活性炭对菊芋菊糖提取液的脱色效果. 结果表明,仅粉末状活性炭TS4具有脱色作用,且脱色效果显著. 通过单因素实验和正交实验确定的菊芋菊糖提取液活性炭TS4脱色的最佳工艺条件为活性炭用量5 g/L,脱色温度80℃,pH值6.0,时间30 min. 在此条件下,脱色率达82.6%,菊糖回收率可达93.4%.     

丙烯酸类树脂脱色性能的研究

利用胺解法对丙烯酸类树脂进行脱色性能的研究,结果发现,树脂的交换容量对丙烯酰胺阴离子交换树脂的脱色性能有较大影响,因此要想得到较好的脱色效果,必须保证树脂具有较高的交换容量.在4种功能基类型中,以四乙烯五胺的树脂脱色效果最好.     

大孔吸附树脂对维生素C脱色研究

通过比较树脂的脱色效果、脱色条件、树脂再生方法对多种树脂进行了筛选实验.结果显示,D 201吸附树脂脱色性能良好,再生使用次数多,回收率稳定,适合维生素C交换液的脱色,确定了最佳实验条件.与传统工艺相比,树脂脱色工艺具有生产简单、环境污染小等优点.     

菊粉生产新技术研究进展

菊粉因其在食品及生理上的功能特性,近些年来倍受关注.在西方发达国家已经得到广泛应用,国内逐渐兴起.本文综述了近几年来在菊粉生产技术方面的研究成果,包括新鲜菊芋的保藏方法、热水浸提工艺的优化、脱色过程的最新应用成果、浓缩过程的优化以及干燥方法的选择.简单介绍了菊粉的功能以及国内外加工的现状.     

大孔吸附树脂对维药恰麻古粗多糖脱色纯化工艺研究

采用响应面法优化大孔树脂对维药恰麻古粗多糖脱色纯化的工艺。以多糖保留率、脱色率、蛋白质脱除率的综合评分为考察指标,考察样品浓度、洗脱流速、上样量对脱色纯化的影响。结果表明,最优工艺条件为:样品浓度1%,洗脱流速3.6 BV/h,上样量0.75 BV。在此条件下,恰麻古粗多糖脱色纯化综合评分63.74,结果稳定可靠,重复性良好,简单可行,为恰麻古粗多糖进一步分离纯化及实际生产奠定基础。     

大孔吸附树脂对维药恰麻古粗多糖脱色纯化工艺研究

采用响应面法优化大孔树脂对维药恰麻古粗多糖脱色纯化的工艺。以多糖保留率、脱色率、蛋白质脱除率的综合评分为考察指标,考察样品浓度、洗脱流速、上样量对脱色纯化的影响。结果表明,最优工艺条件为:样品浓度1%,洗脱流速3.6 BV/h,上样量0.75 BV。在此条件下,恰麻古粗多糖脱色纯化综合评分63.74,结果稳定可靠,重复性良好,简单可行,为恰麻古粗多糖进一步分离纯化及实际生产奠定基础。     

Physical and chemical properties of powder produced from spray drying of inulin component extracted from Jerusalem artichoke tuber powder

In this study, inulin was extracted from Jerusalem artichoke tuber (JAT) powder and then concentrated before spray drying. The aims of this study were to (1) determine the drying condition that provided high powder yield together with superior qualities of JAT inulin powder and (2) investigate the chemical and physical properties of inulin powder. The inulin extracts at different concentrations of 10, 20, and 30 °Brix were spray-dried and then compared. The spray drying experiments were conducted at the inlet/outlet air temperatures of 150/90, 170/90, and 190/90?°C for the chosen concentration of inulin extract. It appeared that spray drying of the 30 °Brix extract at the inlet/outlet drying air temperatures of 190/90?°C resulted in the highest value of powder recovery, bulk density, water solubility and the lowest moisture content and hygroscopicity in comparison with its counterparts. SEM micrographs showed that the powder produced by this condition was more stable and less sticky than others. The sugars, total fructo-oligosaccharides (1-kestose, nystose, and 1^F-β-fructofuranosyl nystose) and inulin-type fructans contents of powder were 12.88, 11.12, and 64.36?g/100?g of powder, respectively. The moisture sorption data and models developed in this work could be used for determining the suitable condition of surrounding air for inulin powder storage.     

Optimization of the main liming process for inulin crude extract from Jerusalem artichoke tubers

A three-stage homogenate extraction was used as a new method for inulin extraction from Jerusalem artichoke tubers. Compared with the results from conventional hot water extraction, the three-stage homogenate extraction gave higher yields and caused less degradation of the inulin. The inulin crude extract was then clarified by a carbonate-precipitation method, during which three variables — the quicklime mass, the reaction temperature and the reaction time were optimized for the main liming process to give the best clarification effect. A Plackett-Burman design, the path of steepest ascent method, a Box-Behnken design and response surface methodology (RSM) were employed in the experimental design. The optimal conditions for the main liming process were determined to be 12.0 g/L, 71.4°C and 8 min. The confirmatory tests proved that the best clarification efficiency (92.74%) was achieved at these conditions and this was approximately equal to the value predicted by the model.     

能源植物菊芋制备生物基化合物研究进展

生物质作为工业填料在制备化学品的过程中具有可再生性、碳元素利用平衡等优点,但大部分能源植物存在来源于粮食必需品、与农作物争夺优质土地的问题。天然生物质菊芋因具有优良的生长特性、糖类组分含量高、单体官能团多样等特点,被认为是未来最重要的非粮能源植物之一。本文介绍了通过物理过程、生物过程及化学过程等不同途径高附加值化菊芋的研究进展,总结不同方式制备生物基化合物的特点。基于菊芋主要因其根茎中含有丰富的不易被人体消化的菊糖、果糖基多糖聚合度低、组成多糖和还原糖的碳源单体高度单一等优点,着重介绍目前菊芋根茎作为底物制备生物基化合物的过程,分析了通过化学催化法或发酵法制备多元醇、5-羟甲基糠醛、乳酸酯等产品的反应条件、催化剂或生物酶的类型等。基于菊芋秸秆中富含纤维素、半纤维素和木质素等木质纤维素的优势,简述了以纤维素和半纤维素类碳水化合物和木质素的主要研究现状,以及对菊芋秸秆直接催化转化的效果,突出菊芋秸秆转化的优势,提出菊芋秸秆作为底物高效制备目标产物的改进措施。对菊芋根茎和菊芋秸秆的高附加值化过程和效果的分析表明,加强对非粮能源植物菊芋的深加工与生物、化学转化技术的研究,配合生物法与化学法相结合的手段,能加快菊芋工业化应用取得实质性的进展。     

Klebsiella pneumoniae发酵菊芋生产2,3-丁二醇的初步研究

对Klebsiella pneumoniae发酵菊芋块茎生产2,3-丁二醇进行了初步研究,通过摇瓶实验考察了不同碳源及培养基中微量元素对发酵的影响. 结果表明,菊芋是良好的发酵2,3-丁二醇的底物,以其为底物时产物浓度和生产强度比葡萄糖发酵提高了42%以上,培养基中不添加微量元素对菊芋发酵基本没有影响,因而可简化培养基成分以降低生产成本. 在发酵罐批式流加实验中,发酵56 h菊芋发酵的产物浓度和生产强度分别为81.47 g/L和1.45 g/(L×h),与葡萄糖发酵结果相当.     

Pure fructose syrup and ethanol production from high fructose corn syrup supplemented with Jerusalem artichoke juice

Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 36859 preferentially consumes glucose from glucose–fructose mixtures. Synthetic media and complex media containing high fructose corn syrup supplemented with Jerusalem artichoke juice were used for the production of pure fructose syrup by the conversion of glucose to ethanol. Fructose was not converted in these processes. Increasing the concentration of Jerusalem artichoke juice increased the yields of ethanol and biomass and decreased the process time. A similar effect was obtained at a low juice concentration when a larger amount of biomass was used for the inoculum. The product from this process contained only fructose and ethanol. Use of food-grade materials results in a pure fructose syrup that is suitable for human consumption.     

盐析萃取菊芋发酵液中的2,3-丁二醇(英文)

The removal of solid impurities and separation of target products from a fermentation broth is becoming more tedious with the utilization of lignocelluloses as source of substrate.2,3-Butanediol,an important chemical used widely is also a main product of sugar-based fermentation carried out by Klebsiella pneumoniae.In this study,we investigated the use of salting-out extraction(SOE) that employed a K2HPO4/ethanol system consisting of 21% ethanol and 17% K2HPO4(mass fraction) to separate 2,3-butanediol from the viscous Jerusalem artichoke-based fermentation broth.After SOE,about 98% of solid matters was removed,and the viscosity decreased from 72.5 mPa s in the original fermentation broth to 4.4 mPa s in the top phase.The partition coefficient and yield of 2,3-butanediol reached 13.4 and 99%,respectively,and 89% of soluble proteins was removed from the broth.The results showed that SOE is an efficient way for isolating 2,3-BD from a highly viscous fermentation broth by removing much of the solid matters within the broth.     

Biodiesel production from Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus Tuberosus L.) tuber by heterotrophic microalgae Chlorella protothecoides

BACKGROUND: As a potential source of biomass, Jerusalem artichoke has been studied for bioethanol production; however, thus far it has not been investigated for the production of other liquid biofuels, such as biodiesel. This work aims to develop a novel approach for biodiesel production from Jerusalem artichoke tuber using heterotrophic microalgae. RESULTS: In this study, Chlorella protothecoides utilized hydrolysate of Jerusalem artichoke tuber as carbon source and accumulated lipid in vivo, with lipid content as high as 44% by dry mass, and a carbon source to lipid conversion ratio of about 25% in a 4‐day scale cultivation. The lipids were extracted and then converted into biodiesel by transesterification. Cetane acid methyl ester, linoleic acid methyl ester and oleic acid methyl ester were the dominating components of the biodiesel produced. Unsaturated fatty acids methyl ester constituted over 82% of the total biodiesel content. CONCLUSION: This work suggests the feasibility of an alternative method of producing biodiesel from Jerusalem artichoke tuber using microalgae cultivation, and a cost reduction of carbon source feed in algal oil production can be expected. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

菊芋的种植和开发利用

本文综述了一种优良能源作物菊芋的特点、种植和开发利用。期待对菊芋的进一步开发带来社会、环境和经济效益。     

Hydrolysis of topinambur (Jerusalem artichoke) fructans by extracellular inulinase of Kluyveromyces marxianus var. bulgaricus

Extracellular inulinase from Kluyveromyces marxianus var. bulgaricus catalysed the hydrolysis of pure inulin and the extracts of fresh and dried topinambur (Jerusalem artichoke). At an enzyme concentration of 10 IU g^?1 of substrate the three substrates were hydrolysed respectively to 65–3, 77–3 and 83–9%. The relationship between the extent of hydrolysis, reaction time and enzyme concentration was studied and a kinetic model of hydrolysis was derived.