应力诱导引发马来酸酐官能化LLDPE的研究

采用提高双螺杆挤出机螺杆转速的应力诱导引发方法和添加引发剂与提高螺杆转速的复合引发方法,研究了线型低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)与马来酸酐(MAH)的官能化反应;考察了官能化产物(LLDPE-g-MAH)对PET/铝箔复合薄膜T型粘合接头剥离强度的影响。结果表明:提高螺杆转速可抑制LLDPE在官能化过程中的交联副反应,制得具有较高接枝(嵌段)率、较好熔体流动速率和较低凝胶质量分数的官能化产物(Gd=0.30%~0.65%,MFR=1.0 g/10 min~4.7 g/10 min,凝胶质量分数≤0.4%),与单纯采用引发剂方法相比,高剪切应力诱导引发方法和复合引发方法所得官能化产物均可明显提高PET/铝箔复合薄膜T型粘合接头剥离强度。     

双重引发POE官能化及其增韧PA66的研究

采用双螺杆加工过程中的机械力引发同时添加引发剂的双重引发方法,研究了引发剂的用量、螺杆转速和接枝反应温度对马来酸酐接枝POE产物的接枝率、熔融指数的影响.对单纯采用引发剂引发方法和引发剂与机械力双重引发方法所得接枝产物增韧PA66的效果也进行了比较.     

轮胎胶应力诱导脱硫及对聚丙烯的增韧作用

在轮胎胶粉的熔融挤出过程中添加线型高分子材料作为溶胀剂和承载流体,并通过提高双螺杆挤出机转速的高剪切应力诱导方法,研究了螺杆转速和挤出反应温度对轮胎胶脱硫共混物凝胶含量、熔体流动速率、溶胶特性黏数及红外光谱(FT-IR)的影响。结果表明,双螺杆挤出机的高剪切应力可诱发轮胎胶颗粒中交联网络的断链反应和氧化降解作用,引起脱硫共混物凝胶含量的明显下降、熔体流动速率的明显增加、溶胶特性黏数的明显减小及溶胶分子链中碳碳双键和醚键基团明显增加。在最佳脱硫反应条件下,所得脱硫共混物可使聚丙烯(PP)(J430)材料的缺口冲击强度由10.5kJ/m2提高至47.7kJ/m2。     

不同增容剂对POE增韧聚乳酸性能的影响

用双螺杆挤出机制备了聚乳酸(PLA)、聚烯烃弹性体(POE)和4种不同增容剂(马来酸酐接枝POE、马来酸酐、丙烯酸酯双官能化POE、丙烯酸酯与缩水甘油酯双官能化的POE、甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯接枝POE)的共混物,考察了不同增容剂对共混物力学性能和断面形貌的影响,分析了退火前后共混物力学性能的变化。结果表明,在使用自制的甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯接枝POE(POE-g-GMA)作为增容剂,三元体系PLA/POE/POE-g-GMA的质量比为80/15/5时,复合材料力学性能达到最佳,此时缺口冲击强度为12.3 kJ/m2,是纯PLA的3.7倍,拉伸强度为47.5 MPa。     

轮胎胶应力诱导脱硫及热塑性弹性体的制备

采用提高双螺杆挤出机螺杆转速的高剪切应力诱导方法,研究了螺杆转速、挤出反应温度及螺杆长径比对脱硫轮胎胶共混物凝胶含量、熔体流动速率和溶胶红外吸收光谱的影响。研究了脱硫工艺条件对脱硫轮胎胶/HDPE/EPDM热塑性弹性体力学性能的影响。实验结果表明,挤出机的高剪切应力作用,可诱发轮胎胶粒中交联网络的断链和氧化降解作用,引起脱硫共混物凝胶含量的下降、熔体流动速率的增加和脱硫共混物溶胶分子链中醚键、酯键、过氧酸和磺酸酯基团的明显增加。挤出机螺杆转速越快、挤出反应温度越高或螺杆长径比越大,其所得热塑性弹性体中未脱硫凝胶颗粒尺寸就越小。     

相容性对PA66/POE共混材料形态、微结构及力学性能的影响

采用SEM、TEM、DSC及材料力学性能实验方法研究了马来酸酐 ( MAH ) 接枝乙烯-辛烯共聚物弹性体 ( POE ) 对PA66/POE共混材料形态、微结构及力学性能的影响。结果表明:热引发官能化POE产物 ( POE-g-MAH ) 可显著改善PA66/POE共混材料的相容性,使材料分散相尺寸减小,分布均匀,且材料缺口冲击强度显著增大。实验发现,PA66/POE-g-MAH共混材料分散相的弹性体颗粒内部存在较多份量的有序结构,材料中的分散相颗粒具有明显促进结晶的作用,此作用引起PA66基体结晶温度增加,结晶度增大,并在分散相质量分数为15% 的脆韧转变条件下,达到极大值。试样熔体的冷却速率越快,则此种促进结晶的作用就越明显。      

高剪切应力对PS/SEBS/CaCO3材料力学性能影响

采用在材料熔融挤出共混过程中提高双螺杆挤出机螺杆转速的方法,研究了较高螺杆转速条件下双螺杆挤出机的高剪切应力对PS/SEBS/CaCO3共混材料力学性能的影响。结果表明,双螺杆挤出机的高剪切应力可促进SEBS橡胶颗粒和碳酸钙颗粒聚集体的分散、引发聚苯乙烯(PS)、SEBS分子链的断链反应、形成大分子自由基、产生原位增容作用,并引起共混材料力学性能的明显改善。在220℃的挤出温度下,当螺杆转速由120 r/min提高至960 r/min时,其PS/SEBS/CaCO3共混材料的缺口冲击强度将由5.7 kJ/m2提高至11.0 kJ/m2,同时共混材料的拉伸强度和弯曲强度也获得一定的增加。双螺杆挤出机的熔融挤出温度对PS/SEBS/CaCO3共混材料力学性能的影响存在最佳值。     

挤出共混中的高剪切应力对HDPE/滑石粉共混材料力学性能的影响

采用在材料熔融挤出共混过程中提高双螺杆挤出机螺杆转速的方法,研究了较高螺杆转速条件下双螺杆挤出机的高剪切应力对HDPE和HDPE/滑石粉材料的熔体流动速率、界面结合状况及力学性能的影响。结果表明:双螺杆挤出机的高剪切应力可促进超细滑石粉颗粒聚集体的分散、引发HDPE分子链的断链反应、引起共混材料界面结合力的加强和拉伸强度及弯曲模量的明显增大;一定量的极性烯类单体的加入有利于所形成的HDPE大分子自由基与极性烯类单体的接枝(嵌段)反应和原位增粘作用,能明显改善HDPE/滑石粉共混材料的力学性能。     

有机蒙脱土改性超支化聚酰胺6的制备与表征

以枝化剂为超支化聚酰胺6（PA6）的引发剂,配以含有端羧基官能团的有机改性剂改性的有机蒙脱土（O-MMT）,经原位开环接枝聚合制备了O-MMT/超支化PA6复合材料。通过FTIR和TEM表征了超支化PA6与O-MMT的接枝情况以及O-MMT在基体中的分散形态。研究了O-MMT对超支化PA6结晶性能、熔体流动性能和力学性能的影响。结果表明:O-MMT呈剥离态和插层态分散于超支化PA6基体中,且与PA6分子链段产生化学键合,形成网络交联结构。网络交联结构使O-MMT/超支化PA6复合材料与超支化PA6相比熔体流动指数急剧下降。另外,O-MMT使超支化PA6的α晶型消失,且使仅有γ晶型的超支化PA6的结晶度降低。但随O-MMT 含量增加,O-MMT/超支化PA6复合材料的强度逐步提高,拉伸强度从38.4 MPa提高至60.8 MPa。复合材料的韧性也得到大幅度提高,断裂伸长率从2.1%提高至70.1%,无缺口冲击强度从20.3 kJ/m2急剧提高至291.8 kJ/m2。      

衣康酸接枝乙烯-1-辛烯共聚物的制备

采用双螺杆挤出法,制备了衣康酸接枝乙烯-1-辛烯共聚物（ITA-g-POE）。形成的新弹性体的红外谱图上有接枝单体ITA的特征峰,即POE接枝上ITA。考虑引发剂半衰期随温度的变化,为保证充分反应,必须控制螺杆转速使停留时间在60 s~120 s之间的接枝温度为180℃,螺杆转速200 r/min。分别增大单体ITA含...     

废旧轮胎粉/POE-g-MAH复合改性 PA6的制备与性能研究

以PA6为基体、废旧轮胎粉与POE-g-MAH为复合增韧剂,采用双螺杆挤出机,制备了废旧轮胎粉/POE-g-MAH/PA6复合材料,研究了复合增韧剂含量对复合材料力学性能、熔融与结晶行为、晶体结构、热性能以及微观形貌等的影响.结果表明,复合材料的冲击强度和断裂伸长率随复合增韧剂含量的增加而显著提高,而拉伸强度和弯曲强度则正好相反;DSC、XRD和TGA结果表明,复合增韧剂的加入,提高了PA6基体的结晶速率,却降低了其结晶度、晶体结构的完整性和耐热性能.     

Study of the effective parameters on mechanical and electrical properties of carbon black filled PP/PA6 microfibrillar composites

In this study the electrical and mechanical properties of microfibrillar polypropylene (PP)/polyamide6 (PA6) blend filled with super conductive carbon black (CB) have been investigated. In situ microfibrillar PP/PA6 composites filled with CB are produced using a single screw extruder equipped with a spinneret. Glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) grafted polypropylene (PP-g-GMA) is used as the compatibilizer. To investigate the effects of extensional flow on the microstructure, electrical and mechanical properties, three adaptors with various convergence angles were designed, prepared and applied between the extruder and the spinneret. To optimize the effects of processing and material parameters on the electrical and mechanical properties, the Taguchi method of experimental design is used. Material and processing factors which are studied include: concentration of PA6, compatibilizer level, CB concentration, drawing speed of melt spinning line, adaptor angle, order of mixing and temperature profile along the extruder. The results show an increase in DC conductivity of up to 10¹¹ times in comparison with pure PA6, by increasing the concentration of CB, drawing speed, adaptor angle and optimizing other parameters. By optimizing processing and material factors studied here, strength of microfibrillar structured composites is increased of up to 80% in comparison to pure PP.     

Evolution of lignocellulosic fibre lengths along the screw profile during twin screw compounding with polycaprolactone

Composites made of polycaprolactone reinforced by 20% hemp fibres were prepared by melt blending in a twin screw extruder (TSE). The influence of the extrusion parameters (feed rate and screw speed) on the fibre length evolution along the screw profile was investigated. The fibre length rapidly decreased after the introduction of the fibres and during the flow through the kneading blocks. Fibre fragmentation was increased at high screw speeds and low feed rates. The flow conditions along the TSE were calculated using Ludovic© software, focusing on the specific mechanical energy (SME) provided to the fibres. The fibre length evolution can be correctly estimated for various flow conditions using an exponential function of the SME.     

Role of micro/nano fillers on mechanical and tribological properties of polyamide66/polypropylene composites

The objectives of this research article is to evaluate the mechanical and tribological properties of polyamide66/polypropylene (PA66/PP) blend, graphite (Gr) filled PA66/PP, nanoclay (NC) filled PA66/PP and NC plus short carbon fiber (NC + SCF) filled PA66/PP composites. All composites were fabricated using a twin screw extruder followed by injection molding. The mechanical properties such as tensile, flexure, and impact strengths were investigated in accordance with ASTM standards. The friction and sliding wear behaviour was studied under dry sliding conditions against hard steel on a pin-on-disc apparatus. Scanning electron micrographs were used to analyze the fracture morphologies. From the experimental investigation, it was found that the presence of NC and SCF fillers improved the hardness of PA66/PP blend. Further, the study reveals that the tensile and flexural strength of NC + SCF filled PA66/PP was higher than that of PA66/PP blend. Inclusion of micro and nanofillers reduced the wear rate of PA66/PP blend. The wear loss of the composites increased with increasing sliding velocity. The lowest wear rate was observed for the blend with nanoclay and SCF fillers. The wear rates of the blends with micro/nanofillers vary from 30–81% and lower than that of PA66/PP blend. The wear resistance of the PA66/PP composites was found to be related to the stability of the transfer film on the counterface. The results have been supplemented with scanning electron micrographs to help understand the possible wear mechanisms.     

Effect of screw rotating speed on polymer melt temperature profiles in twin screw extruder

The effect of screw rotating speed on two-dimensional temperature profiles of flowing polypropylene melt was investigated in the barrel of a counter-rotating twin screw extruder using a designed experimental apparatus and a thermocouple temperature sensing device, the experimental apparatus being connected to a high speed data logger and a computer. The flow patterns of the polymer melt in the barrel of the extruder were also revealed. The changes in melt temperature profiles with extruding time were discussed in terms of flow patterns of the polymer melt during the flow, the increase in melt temperature being closely associated with total flow length of the melt, and shear heating and heat conduction effects.     

纳米SiO2/尼龙66复合材料的力学性能和热性能

采用熔融共混的方法在双螺杆挤出机上制备出纳米SiO₂/尼龙66复合材料,并对其力学性能和热性能进行了研究。结果表明：复合材料的拉伸强度和弹性模量随纳米SiO₂含量的增加而提高。当SiO₂质量分数为3％时,复合材料的拉伸强度达到最大,增幅为11.2％;当SiO₂质量分数为5％时,弹性模量达到最大, 增幅为30.1％。复合材料的储能模量和玻璃化转变温度较纯尼龙66也有明显提高。差示扫描量热法（DSC）分析显示,纳米SiO₂的加入一方面阻碍了尼龙66的结晶过程,降低了材料的结晶温度;另一方面它又能作为形核剂,增加尼龙66的形核位置,提高形核率。