EDTA对NiW/Al_2O_3催化剂表面金属分散性、形貌及HDN性能的影响

为提高负载催化剂中金属的分散性,以含EDTA螯合剂的浸渍液浸渍制备了NiW/Al2O3加氢处理脱氮催化剂,其中络合剂与Ni的摩尔比为1∶1,考察了EDTA对活性金属分散性及加氢脱氮性能的影响。通过BET、XRD、XPS和HRTEM表征发现,EDTA的引入,可以提高Ni和W在氧化铝载体表面的分散性,W/Al原子比从0.096提高到0.127。EDTA的引入,同时减弱了活性金属与氧化铝载体间的相互作用,有利于形成堆积程度较高的WS2相。EDTA的引入,可以大幅提高催化剂对喹啉的加氢脱氮活性,相对于传统方法制备的催化剂,其加氢脱氮活性可提高27%。     

络合剂对加氢精制催化剂影响的研究进展

络合剂作为一种常用的助剂,由于其能提高加氢催化剂的性能而得到了研究者的重视。本文综述了络合剂对加氢催化剂加氢性能的影响,总结了引入络合剂后催化剂硫化行为方面的研究进展。简要介绍了络合剂的加入对金属浸渍液性质与催化剂加氢活性的影响,及采用共浸渍和分步浸渍引入络合剂时络合剂不同的作用机理。总体来看,络合剂的添加可以延迟助剂Ni(Co)的硫化,降低Mo(W)的硫化温度,进而提高Mo(W)的硫化程度,减弱活性组分与载体的相互作用,增强了活性组分的分散性,最终提高了催化剂的加氢脱硫活性。最后指出对络合剂改性的加氢脱硫催化剂在作用机理、工业催化领域等方面的研究是未来的研究方向。     

乙二胺四乙酸对NiMo/Al_2O_3催化剂加氢脱氮性能的影响

以氧化铝为载体,Ni和Mo为金属活性组分,添加不同含量乙二胺四乙酸,采用等体积浸渍法制备系列Ni Mo(x)/Al_2O_3(x为乙二胺四乙酸与Ni物质的量比)重质油加氢处理催化剂,考察乙二胺四乙酸加入量对催化剂加氢脱氮性能的影响,并采用N_2物理吸附-脱附、XRD和HRTEM等对催化剂进行表征。结果表明,乙二胺四乙酸的加入增强了金属组分与氧化铝载体间的相互作用,降低了MoS_2活性相的堆垛层数和片层长度,促进了活性相的分散。乙二胺四乙酸与Ni物质的量比为0.5时,MoS_2活性相堆垛层数和片层长度达到良好的结合,对应的催化剂Ni Mo(0.5)/Al_2O_3具有最优的加氢脱氮性能。     

氧化铝对煤焦油加氢催化剂活性影响的研究

选用不同规格的氧化铝粉体,通过挤条、浸渍的方式,制备了一系列的Ni-Mo/Al2O3煤焦油加氢精制催化剂。通过氮气物理吸附、XRD等表征方式考察了催化剂的孔结构性质、活性金属在氧化铝表面的分布情况,同时考察了不同催化剂在煤焦油加氢过程中的加氢能力。研究发现,氧化铝载体的性质对活性金属在其表面的分散性能有一定的影响,进一步对其在煤焦油加氢过程中的精制活性有显著的影响。     

EDTA/CA对加氢处理催化剂性能的影响

以碱式碳酸镍、三氧化钼、磷酸为原料制备钼镍磷浸渍液，并在浸渍液中分别添加乙二胺四乙酸、柠檬酸、柠檬酸和乙二胺四乙酸，制备出含单一络合剂及双络合剂的加氢处理催化剂。通过XRD、HRTEM、H2-TPR、NH3-TPD等对其进行表征，发现双络合剂催化剂与单络合剂催化剂相比，降低了活性金属与载体的相互作用力，有利于形成更多的II类活性相，且片晶长度更长，片晶层数更多；同时又具有较大的比表面积和孔容，酸量及中强酸也得到增加。因此，双络合剂催化剂具有更高的加氢脱硫、脱氮活性。     

选择加氢催化剂载体氧化铝的改性及其工业应用(Ⅱ)

采用浸渍法制备稀土元素和／或碱金属改性的氧化铝加氢催化剂载体,考察了助剂稀土和碱金属的加入对氧化铝热稳定性、表面酸度的影响以及改性载体对活性组分Pd分散度的影响。采用BET法测定催化剂的比表面积,吸附一脱附法测试催化剂的表面物性,在工业装置上进行催化剂应用试验。结果表明,加入改性组分的氧化铝载体制成催化剂,其活性、选择性均有较大提高。     

La、EDTA改性对Ni-W/TiO_2-Al_2O_3催化剂结构及加氢脱硫性能的影响

采用等体积浸渍法制备了以TiO_2-Al_2O_3为载体,Ni、W为活性金属组分的加氢脱硫催化剂,考察了稀土金属镧(La)、乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)改性以及La-EDTA组合改性对催化剂结构和加氢脱硫性能的影响。通过X射线衍射、N2吸附-脱附、H2-程序升温还原和扫描电子显微镜对催化剂进行表征分析。结果表明,La和EDTA均可改善活性组分与载体间的相互作用,增加了Ni-W-S活性相的数量,有利于金属组分的还原;同时能够丰富催化剂孔道,抑制催化剂表面金属离子聚集,得到更好的孔结构、更高的活性相分散度。La或EDTA以及两者同时改性后的催化剂噻吩硫脱除率均明显高于未改性催化剂,其中Ni-W-La-E催化剂上噻吩转化率为99.7%。     

磷、柠檬酸改性对MoW/Ni/Al2O3催化剂性质及加氢脱氮性能的影响

采用等体积浸渍法制备了以γ-Al₂O₃为载体,Ni、Mo、W为活性金属组分的三金属催化剂,考察了磷改性、柠檬酸改性以及磷-柠檬酸组合改性对催化剂性质、加氢脱氮性能和脱氮选择性的影响。通过NH₃-TPD、Py-IR、H₂-TPR、XPS和HRTEM对催化剂进行表征,结果表明：磷改性不但提高了催化剂的表面弱酸量,而且提高了金属的硫化性能,促进碱性氮和非碱性氮的脱除,但磷改性导致金属活性相的堆垛层数偏高、分散度下降;柠檬酸改性降低了催化剂活性金属氧化物的硫化温度,提高了催化剂的加氢活性,但对氢解性能基本没有影响,表现为非碱性氮脱除性能的提高;而磷-柠檬酸组合改性,不但提高了催化剂的氢解性能,而且改善了其加氢活性,使催化剂对焦化蜡油中碱性氮和非碱性氮的脱除率均得到大幅提升,分别达到80.1%、54.9%。     

焙烧气氛和孔结构对加氢脱金属催化剂性能的影响

采用饱和浸渍法、在不同焙烧气氛（空气、氮气、水蒸气）下制备了三种加氢脱金属Mo-Ni催化剂,并考察了焙烧气氛对催化剂脱金属、脱硫和脱残碳的影响,研究结果表明：焙烧气氛对加氢脱金属反应的活性影响不大,而空气气氛下焙烧的催化剂表现出相对较高的加氢脱硫和脱残碳活性。进一步考察了氧化铝孔结构对催化剂加氢脱金属性能的影响,并结合数值模拟计算,发现最可几孔径为22 nm的催化剂更有利于加氢脱金属过程的反应-扩散平衡,从而表现出较高的加氢脱金属性能。     

助剂B对含硅NiMo/Al2O3加氢处理催化剂性能的影响

考察了助剂B对含硅NiMo/Al₂O₃催化剂孔结构及表面酸性的影响，制备出一种孔容和比表面积大、孔分布集中、金属分布均匀和酸性适宜的加氢精制催化剂。分析结果表明，B的加入可以改善含硅氧化铝载体及催化剂的孔结构及表面酸性，有利于C—N键的断裂，从而提高催化剂的加氢脱氮性能。活性评价结果表明，采用适量B助剂改性的加氢处理催化剂具有高的加氢脱氮活性和稳定性。     

Ni/W比对NiWCx催化剂加氢性能的影响

过渡金属碳化物具有类似贵金属的电子结构和加氢性能。采用等体积浸渍法制备了不同Ni/W比的NiW/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂,以程序升温碳化法转化为NiW碳化物后对芳烃模型化合物和低温煤焦油中分离所得芳烃组分进行加氢处理。催化剂的N₂吸附、XRD、H₂-TPR和SEM表征表明,Ni的添加促进了载体表面WO₃物种的分散和还原,抑制了WO₃晶体的团聚和大晶粒的生成。萘的加氢实验表明,Ni/W原子比为0.6时催化剂的活性最佳,而添加苯酚和吡啶后的模型油加氢过程中萘的转化率和十氢萘的产率均明显下降,Ni/W原子比为0.47和0.6的催化剂性能相近,煤焦油中芳烃组分加氢后Ni/W原子比为0.47的催化剂性能更优。结果表明,Ni和W均具有良好的加氢活性,但Ni耐杂原子性能较差,二者存在一个最佳的配比以使加氢性能更优。有杂原子化合物存在时,如煤基芳烃组分的加氢,Ni/W原子比为0.47的NiW碳化物催化剂具有更好的加氢性能。     

Highly dispersed NiW/γ-Al2O3 catalyst prepared by hydrothermal deposition method

This article describes a novel hydrothermal deposition method for preparing highly dispersed NiW/γ-Al₂O₃ catalysts and demonstrates its advantages over the conventional impregnation method. Via the hydrothermal precipitation reactions between sodium tungstate and hydrochloric acid and between nickel nitrate and urea, respectively, the active species W and Ni were deposited on γ-Al₂O₃. In the hydrothermal deposition of WO₃, a surfactant hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) was used to prevent the aggregation of WO₃. The characterization results obtained by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), N₂ adsorption and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) measurements showed that compared with the catalyst prepared by the conventional impregnation method, the catalyst with the same metal contents prepared by the hydrothermal deposition had much higher W and Ni dispersion, higher specific surface area, larger pore volume, the significantly decreased slab length and slightly increased stacking degree of sulfided W species, leading to the significantly enhanced dibenzothiophene (DBT) hydrodesulfurization (HDS) activity. The DBT HDS assessment results also revealed that the catalyst containing 17.7 wt% WO₃ and 2.4 wt% NiO prepared by the hydrothermal deposition method had the similar DBT HDS activity as a commercial NiW/γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst containing 23 wt% WO₃ and 2.6 wt% NiO, resulting in the greatly decreased amount of active metals for achieving the same HDS activity.     

费托合成蜡USY分子筛基加氢裂化催化剂的制备及其性能

以Ni/W为加氢活性组分,USY/SiO2-Al2O3为载体,采用浸渍法制备了费托合成蜡加氢裂化催化剂,对其进行了表征、活性相研究及活性评价. 结果表明,Ni/W以高分散度形式分散在催化剂载体上,催化剂具有比表面积较大、吸附能力强的中孔结构,在340, 548和870℃上有3个还原峰,分别对应NiO?Ni, W6+?W4+及W4+?W2+或W. 硫化态催化剂表面同时含NiWS, WS2和NiSx等活性相,WS2相片晶堆垛层数决定催化剂的活性. 烯烃具有较高的加氢反应活性,烷烃会裂化异构成小分子的烯烃,其中有的吸附态可能是进一步形成小分子烷烃过程中产生的中间过渡态. 在温度370℃、压力6.4 MPa、氢油体积流量比800、空速2.5 h-1的条件下,石蜡转化率约为50%,柴油的选择性约为90%. Ni/W均匀浸渍在USY/SiO2-Al2O3载体上,可获得相对均衡的加氢-裂解性能匹配,在不降低蜡转化率的同时保证了柴油的高选择性.     

Synergism Between Ni and W in the Niw/ γ-Al2O3 Hydrotreating Catalysts

A series of NiW/ γ-Al₂O₃ catalysts (20 and 30 wt% W and 1–5 wt% Ni) have been prepared and studied by TPR and XPS. HDS activity has been tested in the thiophene conversion. The effect of Ni and W loadings on the formation of different structures is presented. In the calcined catalysts several phases coexist, concentrations of which depend on the Ni/(Ni+W) atomic ratio. The Ni synergistic effect in the HDS reaction is confirmed by the increase in the HDS activity (~10–15 times). This effect is ascribed to the formation of an active NiWS phase of high dispersion from the mixed NiW oxide precursors. At higher Ni/Ni+W ratio a redistribution of active components in additional amount ofNiWS phase during sulfidation is suggested.     

制备条件对Ni_2P/TiO_2-Al_2O_3催化剂的HDN性能影响

采用原位还原技术制备出Ni2P/TiO2-Al2O3催化剂,以喹啉为模型化合物对催化剂的加氢脱氮性能进行评价。主要考察复合载体中不同钛铝配比、不同Ni/P摩尔比对催化剂活性的影响及确定活性组分Ni2P负载量,确定该加氢脱氮催化剂最佳制备方法为:当n(Ti)/n(Al)=1/4,Ni2P负载量25%(wt)。在压力为3 MPa,体积空速为3 h-1,氢油体积比为500,反应温度为360℃的条件下,催化剂的加氢脱氮活性最高,可达98%。     

以类水滑石为前体的Ni催化剂及其催化甲烷水蒸气重整制氢:催化活性和动力学(英文)

Ni/Mg–Al catalysts derived from hydrotalcite-type precursors were prepared by a co-precipitation technique and applied to steam reforming of methane. By comparison with Ni/γ-Al2O3 and Ni/α-Al2O3 catalysts prepared by in-cipient wetness impregnation, the Ni/Mg–Al catalyst presented much higher activity as a result of higher specific surface area and better Ni dispersion. The Ni/Mg–Al catalyst with a Ni/Mg/Al molar ratio of 0.5:2.5:1 exhibited the highest activity for steam methane reforming and was selected for kinetic investigation. With external and inter-nal diffusion limitations eliminated, kinetic experiments were carried out at atmospheric pressure and over a temperature range of 823–973 K. The results demonstrated that the overal conversion of CH4 and the conversion of CH4 to CO2 were strongly influenced by reaction temperature, residence time of reactants as wel as molar ratio of steam to methane. A classical Langmuir–Hinshelwood kinetic model proposed by Xu and Froment (1989) fitted the experimental data with excellent agreement. The estimated adsorption parameters were consistent thermodynamical y.     

Catalytic methanation of syngas over Ni-based catalysts with different supports

Co-precipitation method was selected for the preparation of Ni/Al2O3, Ni/ZrO2 and Ni/CeO2 catalysts, and their performances in methanation were investigated in this study. The structure and surface properties of these catalysts were characterized by BET, XRD, H2-TPD, TEM and H2-TPR. The results showed that the catalytic activity at low temperature followed the order:Ni/Al2O3>Ni/ZrO2>Ni/CeO2. Ni/Al2O3 catalyst presented the best catalytic performance with the highest CH4 selectivity of 94.5%. The characterization results indicated that the dispersion of the active component Ni was the main factor affecting the catalytic activity and the one with higher dispersion gave better performance.     

Hydrocracking of Vacuum Gasoil on NiMoW/AAS-Al<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript> Trimetallic Catalysts: Effect of the W : Mo Ratio

The effect of the W: (W + Mo) atomic ratio in NiMoW trimetallic catalysts on their catalytic and physicochemical properties is studied. The catalysts are prepared by impregnating a carrier containing amorphous aluminosilicate (AAS) and aluminium oxide with an aqueous solution containing Ni, Mo, W compounds, and citric acid. They are studied via XRF, TEM, NH₃ TPD, and low-temperature nitrogen adsorption and are tested in the hydrocracking of vacuum gasoil (VGO). The average length of a sulfide active component layer shrinks as the amount of Mo increases and the amount of W in the catalyst is reduced. XPS data indicate that the degree of sulfidation of tungsten in NiMoW trimetallic catalysts is lower than in NiW catalyst. Testing of the catalysts in hydrocracking of a straight-line VGO at 390–420°C, 16 MPa, a feedstock hourly space velocity (FHSV) of 0.71 h^?1, and a H₂: VGO ratio of 1200 L/L shows the activities of hydrodesulfurization, hydrodenitrogenation, hydrogenation, and hydrocracking grow along with the W: (W + Mo) ratio. When the process pressure is high and the amount of sulfur in the NiW feedstock is low, the catalysts have higher activity in the target reactions of VGO hydrocracking than NiMo catalyst.