Linearized Ring-Assisted Electrooptical Modulator for Coherent Optical OFDM Links

We present a design for a ring-assisted optical amplitude modulator based on a Mach-Zehnder interferometer with microring resonators coupled to each arm and characterized by improved linearity and dynamic range. We analyze the performance of the proposed device in a coherent optical orthogonal frequency-division-multiplexing system and show that it reduces the bit-error rate compared to conventional modulators.     

可调谐氮化硅波导微环谐振腔滤波器研究

设计并制备了一种基于热光效应的集成可调谐氮化 硅(Si₃N₄)波导微环谐振腔滤波器,通过采用马赫-曾德干涉仪(MZI)构成的可调谐 耦合器控制耦合区耦合比,以实现滤波器消光比的调谐。设计并优化了微环谐振 腔的波导截面尺寸、弯曲半径和耦合区波导间隔等参数,并通过光刻、反应离子刻蚀(RIE )等工艺制备 了两种不同弯曲半径的Si₃N₄波导微环谐振腔。实验结果表明,本文器件在波长1550nm附近处的自由光谱 范围(FSR)为68pm,3dB带宽约为16pm,品质因子Q达到了9.68×10 4,消光比可调范围约为17dB。     

Large Signal Analysis of the Mach-Zehnder Interferometer with One Arm Loaded with a Second-Order Allpass Double-Microring Resonator

A mathematical model for the transfer function of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer with one arm loaded with a second-order allpass double-microring resonator (2R-MZI) is presented. The model, basically a sine-series function, can easily yield closed-form expressions for the amplitudes of the harmonic and intermodulation components of the output when the input is formed of large-amplitude multisinusoidal RF voltage. The special case of two-tone equal-amplitude RF input voltage is considered in detail. The results show that the third-order intermodulation component is always higher than the third-harmonic component. The results also show the extensive improvement in the linearity of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer with one arm loaded with a second-order allpass microring resonator. Compared with the standard Mach-Zehnder interferometer, the results show that a sharp reduction of 80 dB in the third-order intermodulation can be achieved.     

A research on the characteristics of an interleaver with a symmetrical resonator

In order to improve the transmission performance of the conventional Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI), a novel interleaver combining an "8"form ring resonator with a planar 3×3 single fiber coupler is proposed. Based on the phase modulation provided by the ring resonator, a flat filtering response is obtained by optimizing the coupling angle of resonator. The output expression is derived and numerical simulation is performed. The simulation indicates that the 0.5 dB passband and 25 dB stopband of the proposed interleaver are simultaneously improved remarkably, which are much wider than those of the single-stage MZI and the two-stage MZI interleavers, and the filtering performance of the proposed interleaver, which achieves a nearly square spectrum response, is also much better. Compared with the interleaver based on an asymmetrical MZI with a resonator in one arm, there is no difference between the intensities of two coherent beams in the condition of considering the influence of the propagation loss. Theoretical analysis shows that the influence of the propagation loss on extinction ratio can be effectively reduced.     

A linearization concept for integrated-optic modulators

A novel linearization concept to reduce the distortion products from integrated-optic modulators is proposed and analyzed. The proposed linearization concept could be used on any type of modulator with an odd transfer function. A dual parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator was linearized, and the results are compared to those obtained using a conventional linearization concept. The proposed concept gives a 40% higher modulation index compared to a concept based on reduction of the cubic nonlinearity of the modulator     

Microwave photonic bandpass filter based on spectrumslicing and phase modulator

A tunable microwave photonic bandpass filter with high mainlobe-to-sidelobe ratio (MSR) based on a phase modulator and a dispersive device is proposed. The multi-tap characteristics of the filter are realized by slicing a broadband source using a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) which results in a high MSR of 25 dB. The tunability of the filter is realized by an optical variable delay line (OVDL) in one arm of the MZI, which changes the wavelength spacing of the sliced broadband source and results in a tunable free spectrum range (FSR) of the filter. The central frequency of the bandpass filter is tunable from 10.7 GHz to 27 GHz by changing the wavelength spacing from 0.145 nm to 0.054 nm.     

Polymeric polarization-independent modulator incorporating twisted optic-axis waveguide polarization converters

A polarization-independent intensity modulator made of electrooptic polymer waveguides is proposed and its theoretical performance is discussed. The device includes twisted optic-axis waveguide polarization converters and phase modulators in the arms of Mach-Zehnder interferometer. For arbitrary input polarization states the extinction ratio of better than 30 dB is possible, and its half-wave voltage is 1.5 times that of the conventional Mach-Zehnder modulator.     

硅基槽型微环谐振器及其调谐特性研究

仿真和实验研究了含槽型(slot)光波导的反馈波导型微环谐振器的特性,将槽型光波导集成到Si基微环谐振器中,丰富Si基光波导的功能,为新型光电子器件的实现提供途径。通过锥形波导结构实现从传统波导到槽型波导的模式转换,减小传输损耗,采用时域有限差分法(FDTD)研究了光功率的分布和模式转换过程。结果显示,光功率逐渐转移到锥形结构两侧的槽型波导中并最终形成槽型波导中的传输模式,通过优化锥形结构能实现较高的模式转换效率,可以达到90%以上。采用电子束刻写技术和等离子刻蚀技术制备了反馈波导型槽型微环谐振器。实验显示,锥形波导能够实现模式的转换,光传输过程良好。通过在槽型波导中填充电光聚合物来改变槽型光波导的折射率,测量结果显示,传输谱谐振峰发生了明显移动,移动幅度达到5.6nm,器件具备很好的可调谐性。     

Design and performance of a polymer Mach-Zehnder interferometer electro-optic modulator at 1.55 μm

Based on poled guest-host electro-optic (EO) polymer DR1/SU-8, a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) EO modulator operated at 1.55 μm is proposed. For achieving high response speed and high EO modulation efficiency, both waveguide structure and electrode structure are especially optimized. The impedance match and less index mismatch are achieved. The final characteristic impedance of electrode is about 49.4 Ω, and the microwave index and the light-wave index are 1.5616 and 1.6006, respectively. The device is fabricated using wet-etching technique and inductively coupled plasma (ICP) etching technique, and its performance is measured at 1.55 μm. Experimental results show that when the applied voltage is tuned, the modulator can be changed from ON state to OFF state. The insertion loss at ON state is 12 dB and the extinction ratio between ON and OFF states is about 10 dB. The high response speed is in nano-second level for a square-wave signal. Therefore, the modulator possesses potential applications in high-speed optical networks on chip.     

Low-loss 1.3-μm MQW electroabsorption modulators forhigh-linearity analog optical links

Low-loss InAsP-GaInP multiquantum-well electroabsorption waveguide modulators have been developed for transmitting microwaves as subcarriers over optical fibers. The fiber-to-fiber insertion loss is only 5 dB at 1.32-μm wavelength. The electrooptic slope efficiency of an 185-μm-long 11-GHz bandwidth device is equivalent to a Mach-Zehnder modulator with a V_π of 2.2 V. The linearity performance was characterized for a test link without any form of amplification. A RF-to-RF link efficiency of -25.5 dB, noise figure of 27 dB and suboctave spurious-free dynamic range of 114 dB.Hz^4/5 have been achieved with 16 mW input optical carrier power. The measured 3-dB electrical bandwidth exceeds 20 GHz for a 90-μm-long device     

基于环行腔光纤激光器的应力传感器

提出并演示了一种基于大直径光纤锥的马赫曾德尔干涉仪应力传感器。以锥形光纤马赫曾德尔干涉仪作为滤波器,对掺铒光纤的增益谱进行梳状滤波,最终在环行光纤谐振腔中实现激光的产生并输出。所采用的马赫曾德尔干涉仪在作为滤波器件的同时也能够对光纤轴向应力进行传感,最终实现激光器输出波长随应力增加而向短波长方向漂移,实验结果显示其在波长1557 nm附近传感的敏感度达到了3 pm/。基于该锥形光纤的马赫曾德尔干涉仪具有成本低、制作简便和机械强度高的优点,使其更有利于商业化规模制作。     

可调微型环阵列加强马赫-曾德尔滤波性能分析

提出并分析了一种将微型环谐振腔阵列耦合集成在马赫-曾德尔干涉仪(MZI)的一臂上实现的集成波导型滤波器结构。利用微型环阵列可在MZI的谱特性上引入多个零点和极点,从而对输出频谱进行优化,使其在中心波长1550nm处具有矩形系数为0．4的门状响应,并且保持比较大的自由谱宽(28nm)。使用新型电光聚合物作为波导材料可以对器件进行快速调谐,在折射率变化0．001时中心波长调谐1nm。     

Ultra-low Vpp and high-modulation-depth InP-based electro-optic microring modulator

A modulator is an essential building block in the integrated photonics,connecting the electrical with optical signals.The microring modulator gains much attention because of the small footprint,low drive voltage and high extinction ratio.An ultra-low Vpp and high-modulation-depth indium phosphide-based racetrack microring modulator is demonstrated in this pa-per.The proposed device mainly comprises one racetrack microring,incorporating a semiconductor amplifier,and coupling with a bus waveguide through a multimode interference coupler.Traveling wave electrodes are employed to supply bidirection-al bias ports,terminating with a 50-Ω impedance.The on/off extinction ratio of the microring reaches 43.3 dB due to the delic-ately tuning of the gain.An 11 mV Vpp,a maximum 42.5 dB modulation depth and a 6.6 GHz bandwidth are realized,respect-ively.This proposed microring modulator could enrich the functionalities and designability of the fundamental integrated devices.     

基于Mach-Zehnder结构微环谐振腔全光逻辑门的研究

为了解决全光逻辑门结构所需抽运能量过大的问题,提出了一种基于Mach-Zehnder结构微环谐振腔的全光控制逻辑门结构。通过在微环波导上加入空气孔加强对光的限制,增强了带边附近的3阶非线性效应,从而减小达到所需相移的抽运能量。将微环谐振腔与Mach-Zehnder结构结合,采用光学Kerr效应控制不同微环内相移的改变,从而实现不同逻辑门功能。同时进行了理论分析与仿真验证,计算了不同尺寸空气孔对于结构的影响,并对于不同逻辑功能的控制方法,验证了结构的可行性。结果表明,这种逻辑门结构所需抽运能量不超过10dBm,延迟处于皮秒量级,速度快,器件的尺寸处于微米量级,该结构可以同时实现不同的逻辑门状态,对于全光网络的研究有指导意义。     

一种双微环辅助马赫 曾德尔干涉仪滤波器

为改善普通马赫-曾德尔干涉仪(MZI)滤波器的输出性能,采用将双微环谐振器与马赫-曾德尔干涉仪相结合,设计出一种新的滤波器结构.采用信号流程图理论分析得出该结构的传递函数,并对输出端口的透射谱进行数值模拟分析.仿真结果表明,与普通马赫-曾德尔干涉仪滤波器相比,当选择合适的耦合系数,双微环谐振器辅助马赫-曾德尔干涉仪滤波器的透射谱顶部平坦,形状类似于方形,自由光谱范围达到了19 nm,锐度因子为1.16,消光比为54 dB,品质因子为94.5,滤波性能得到较大改善.详细研究了耦合系数和微环半径对滤波器输出性能的影响.     

微环共振器光开关在高速互连中的应用

在高性能计算机系统中, 极低延迟高吞吐量的光交换网络具有很多优势, 而光开关作为全光交换网络中的关键器件, 它的性能直接影响到光交换网络的交换能力, 是近年光通信领域的研究热点。半导体微环共振器作为近年提出的一种新的光开关解决方案, 在功耗、延迟、体积等方面具有优势, 目前吸引了越来越多研究机构的注意, 并先后提出了一些比较有价值的微环共振器光开关设计方案。结合目前国内外微环共振器光开关的最新进展, 分析了微环共振器光开关在高性能计算机和光交换网络中的应用, 需要进一步改进的研究重点, 以及微环共振器作为低延迟光开关的发展前景。     

环形腔微光纤MZI的海水温/盐度同时测量的设计与模拟

为实现海水中温度和盐度(温/盐度)同时测量,设 计了一种环形腔微光纤Mach-Zehnder干涉仪(MZI)。首先,计算了MZI在不同温/盐度下的 输出光谱,光谱中同时存在谐 振峰和干涉峰,分别由环形腔谐振和MZ干涉引起,由于谐振峰和干涉峰对温/盐度变化的响 应不同,因而 可将其运用于海水的温/盐度同时测量;其次,为了提升MZI的测量灵敏度,计算了灵敏度 与 其结构参数的关系。结果表明,谐振峰的温/盐度灵敏度只与制成环形腔的微光纤直径有关 ,而干涉峰灵敏 度同时与MZI两个微光纤臂的直径和长度相关,当制成环形腔的微光纤臂是MZI两臂中直径 较 小且长度较大的一臂时,能得到较高的测量灵敏度。经过优化后,干涉峰的温/盐度灵 敏度比传统的 光纤光栅分别提升了75倍和约3650倍。本文 设计的MZI具有结构简单、灵敏度高的优点,可为研制新型的海洋微光纤传感器提供参考。     

Experimental Demonstration of a Linearized Polymeric Directional Coupler Modulator

A linearized directional coupler modulator based on electrooptic polymer was fabricated and tested. The linearity was obtained by tailoring the coupling coefficient of the device using the photobleaching technique. A two-tone test of the device was presented and it demonstrated an enhancement in intermodulation distortion compared to a Mach-Zehnder modulator.     

基于双平行马赫曾德尔调制器和受激布里渊散射效应的十倍频毫米波信号生成

提出了一种基于双平行马赫-曾德尔调制器(DPMZ M)和受激布里渊散射(SBS)效应的10倍频mm 波信号生成方案,具有覆盖频段高和频谱纯度高等优点。在本文方案中,低频率的射频(RF )信号通过DPMZM 对激光器发出的光波进行调制,调节直流偏置电压,使DPMZM的主调制器和两个子调制器均 工作在最小传 输点(MITP),抑制光载波和偶数边带,进一步调节两个子调制器的调制深度和移相器的相 移,抑制一阶和 七阶边带,留下三阶和五阶边带,然后利用SBS效应进行布里渊边带滤波滤除三阶边带,仅 保留五阶边带, 再经光电探测器(PD)拍频即可获得10倍频mm波信号。通过仿真实验,以10 GHz的R F信号为驱 动信号,得到了100GHz的mm波信号,验证了方案的可行性。     

Optimizing the bias and modulation voltages of MQW Mach-Zehndermodulators for 10 Gb/s transmission on nondispersion shifted fiber

The chirp and optical extinction ratio of a multiple quantum-well (MQW) Mach-Zehnder modulator depend on the device design and on the voltage waveforms applied to the arm electrodes. For 10 Gb/s transmission over nondispersion shifted fiber, joint optimization of the bias and modulation voltages is considered for a conventional modulator and a π-phase-shift modulator. Measured attenuation and phase constants for an optical signal propagating in the modulator waveguide are used to accurately model the Mach-Zehnder modulators. The influence of asymmetric Y-branch waveguides in the modulators is examined taking into consideration group velocity dispersion and self-phase modulation arising from the Kerr nonlinearity. When the modulators are operated with maximum optical extinction ratio, the dispersion limited transmission distance depends on the device design (phase-shift and Y-branch splitting ratio) and modulation format (dual drive or single drive). Optimization of the bias and modulation voltages reduces this dependence significantly, while also increasing the dispersion limited transmission distance