红外热像仪时间噪声测量技术研究

在对红外热像仪的测量中,噪声是评价红外热像仪性能的主要参数。噪声参数包括时间域噪声和空间域噪声,时间域噪声可分为高频时间噪声和低频时间噪声(即1/f噪声);空间域噪声可分为高频空间噪声(即固定模式噪声FPN)和低频空间噪声(非均匀性噪声)。对高频时间噪声和低频时间噪声进行了严格的区分和定义;给出了在短时间内忽略低频时间噪声时高频噪声NETD的计算模型;在不忽略低频时间噪声时计算高频噪声等效温差的数学计算模型和测量方法;对高频时间域NETD测量结果进行了不确定度分析与评价。     

开关电源噪声的形成及抑制方法

开关电源产生的噪声比常规线性电源产生的噪声大得多。介绍了开关电源噪声的类型,分析了开关电源噪声的产生原因,讨论了开关电源中噪声的抑制方法,介绍了几种抑制开关电源中噪声的实用电路。     

噪声作为红外探测器可靠性评价的探讨

红外探测器的可靠性是一个重要的指标,当前利用噪声来表征器件的可靠性受到了广泛的关注.文分析了红外探测器的电噪声,它包括热噪声、散粒噪声、g-r噪声和1/f噪声,再结合g-r噪声和1/f噪声的产生,对噪声用作InSb光伏探测器可靠性的评价进行了详细分析.     

非制冷红外焦平面探测器噪声的频域分析

传统3D噪声模型将噪声分解为8个部分,使复杂的噪声现象变得容易理解,然而这个模型没有准确的噪声分离方法和物理机理阐述。因此提出一种改进的探测器噪声分离和量化方法:噪声频域分析方法。这种方法将多帧噪声数据在空间和时间上分离为11个部分,并通过仿真实验分析各部分噪声对成像画面影响的强弱顺序,同时指出了每部分噪声的物理机理。噪声频域分析为红外探测器建立了一个完整的噪声模型,对理解红外探测器噪声特性、产生机理,及有针对性地进行噪声处理指明了方向。     

科学级CCD三维噪声模型及其评估

为了评估科学CCD噪声带给激光近场分布测量的影响,采用三维噪声模型,分析了科学级CCD的噪声,并将CCD的噪声分解为空间噪声和时间噪声。空间噪声用来评估CCD像元之间响应不一致性对测量的影响,时间噪声用来评估多次测量不一致性对测量的影响。通过设计测量系统对CCD三维噪声进行测量,并分析时空噪声的统计分布规律,发现两者均是依赖于信号、近似服从正态分布,建立了依赖于信号的时空噪声的数学模型,并实验验证了该模型是有效的。     

SiGe HBT噪声的研究进展

噪声对RF电路设计非常关键,故需要对SiGe HBT噪声特性进行深入研究。根据器件的高频噪声模型,指出了影响SiGe HBT高频噪声参数的主要因素,论述了优化设计的具体方法;举例说明尺寸缩小使得高频噪声性能已经达到了GaAs pHEMT的水平,fT达到了375 GHz。分析了SiGe HBT低频噪声的机理和模型及其与几何尺寸的关系,指出用fC/fT表达低频噪声性能更合适;举例说明小尺寸效应使得SiGe HBT的低频噪声偏离了1/f噪声形式。     

红外热像仪的空间噪声和时间噪声分析

噪声特性是衡量红外热像仪的一个重要指标。本文对热像仪的噪声来源和影响因素进行了分析,并通过实验分别计算了实测图像的空间噪声和时间噪声。实验结果表明了在实际观测过程中,图像的空间噪声通常要大于时间噪声,而且空间噪声在热像仪经过非均匀性校正之后的一段时间内会逐渐增大,而时间噪声不会有明显变化。基于时间噪声小于空间噪声且不随时间变化的特点,为红外图像中的目标检测提出了新的思路。     

GaAlAs红外发光二极管低频噪声检测方法

通过分析GaAlAs红外发光二极管(IRED)的低频噪声产生机理及特性,建立了GaAlAs IRED的噪声模型,设计了一套低频噪声测试系统,通过该系统测量得到了GaAlAs IRED的低频噪声。实验表明,该方法能准确的测量GaAlAs IRED的低频噪声,发现其低频噪声主要表现为1/f噪声,得到与噪声模型一致的结果。该研究为GaAlAs IRLED可靠性的噪声表征提供了实验基础与理论依据。     

混合信号衬底耦合噪声的传播及抑制方法

介绍了衬底噪声耦合效应在不同工艺衬底中的传播,应用medici模拟了不同衬底中,噪声发生端和噪声接收端噪声在不同间距下噪声传播的情况,并从工艺和电路设计两个方面介绍了一系列抑制衬底噪声的方法。     

直流电机噪声的产生原因与抑制方法

简述了电机噪声的作为电机技术指标的重要和电机噪声的研究发展历程,分析了直流电机噪声产生的成因,对这些噪声进行了分类,分析并总结了直流电机的电磁噪声、机械噪声、空气动力噪声的产生原因和机理,提出了在电机设计、制造和应用中降低和抑制直流电机噪声的方法,这些方法可以有效地在电机研发和制造中实际应用和借监。     

基于电子元器件低频噪声特性和相关测试技术

基于电子元器件低频噪声特性测试中,针对影响低频噪声测量系统准确性的因素,提出了一种改进型的低频噪声测量方法,优化设计电子元器件低频电噪声测试系统,放大噪声测试部分噪声,并可以分析电子元器件低频噪声测试过程中的低频噪声特性,从而可以有效证实通过测试低频噪声,就能够验证电子元器件质量是否缺陷,分析电子元器件的使用可靠性.在...     

A Systematical Approach for Noise in CMOS LNA

A systematic approach is used to analyze the noise in CMOS low noise amplifier(LNA),including channel noise and induced gate noise in MOS devices.A new analytical formula for noise figure is proposed.Based on this formula,the impacts of distributed gate resistance and intrinsic channel resistance on noise performance are discussed.Two kinds of noise optimization approaches are performed and applied to the design of a 5.2GHz CMOS LNA.     

α稳态噪声条件下互谱算法的改进

传统算法都是建立在高斯白噪声条件下,然而实际情况中经常会出现有脉冲特性的噪声,例如水下生物噪声、低频大气噪声等都具有显著的尖峰脉冲特性．α稳态噪声可以更好地描述实际环境中的噪声特性,传统互谱算法在α稳态噪声条件下性能明显下降,甚至到不能应用的程度,通过对传统互谱算法的改进,经过仿真得出改进算法较传统互谱算法的谱分析和时延估计在高斯噪声条件下具有相近的性能,在α稳态噪声条件下性能明显提高。     

CMOS低噪声放大器中噪声的系统研究方法

采用系统研究方法来分析包括MOS器件的沟道噪声和感应栅噪声在内的CMOS低噪声放大器中的噪声,并提出了一个新的噪声系数解析式.基于此解析式,讨论了分布栅电阻和内部沟道电阻对噪声性能的影响.对噪声性能进行了两种不同的优化,并应用于5.2GHz CMOS低噪声放大器的设计.     

图像的中介滤波算法与图像中介保真度度量

 首先通过对图像噪声产生过程的分析,并根据随机性和模糊性的特征,提出新的图像噪声的定义;然后,以中介真值程度的数值化度量为基础,设计了新的图像去噪滤波算法.通过仿真实例,并采用经典的PSNR评价方法,与已有的典型算法处理结果比较表明,基于中介真值程度度量的图像去噪算法的去噪效果优越,因而更具有实用性和有效性.针对PNSR等经典评价方法的结果往往与人们主观视觉不一致的弱点,本文提出一种新的基于图像中介熵的图像保真度度量方法,对示例的评价结果表明,该方法符合人们的主观感受.     

光强闪烁激光雷达的背景噪声分析

介绍了光强闪烁 激光雷达回波信号中背景噪声的分类,通过某次实验中实验条件的变化,获得了采集卡本底噪声、放大器本底噪声、PMT本底噪声、自然背景光噪声和散粒噪声等不同背景噪声叠加在一起的大小和方差信息,以及不同噪声各自本身的方差信息。通过不同噪声之间的比较,发现在未接收激光大气散射回波信号时,放大器本底噪声占主导,自然背景光噪声相对于其他噪声是小量;在接收散射回波信号时,近距离内（低层通道2km,高层通道4km）散粒噪声占主导,远距离上处于弱势。实验结果确定了不同噪声对总背景噪声的贡献程度,为光强闪烁激光雷达从散射回波信号中提取大气湍流信息提供了依据,也为消除噪声对有效信号的影响提供了指导。     

AM noise enhancement in a semiconductor laser with electricalfeedback

A model of a self-heterodyne-type electrical feedback semiconductor laser is presented. The effects of electrical feedback on the AM noise of a semiconductor laser are discussed on the basis of the model. It is shown that the FM noise can be greatly reduced by electrical feedback. However, this reduction is always accompanied by AM noise enhancement. The AM noise can also be reduced by this scheme under some conditions with the enhancement of the FM noise. This means that AM noise reduction and FM noise reduction can be interchanged by using this method. The influence of feedback parameters on the noise is discussed     

Noise and Cooling in Electronics Packages

The noise produced by cooling air passing through electronics packages arises from two sources. One source is the noise of the air-moving fan of either an axial or centrifugal type. This noise may have both tonal and random components and is strongly dependent on the way that the fan is placed in the unit and on where its operation is on the fan's operating curve. Often, fans are the dominant noise sources. The flow of air produces random noise due to the turbulence generated throughout the unit. Because the turbulent airflow is also responsible for heat transfer between the components and the air stream, we can regard this part of the noise as the irreducible noise due to cooling. If fan noise were eliminated, this part of the noise would remain. There is a relation, therefore, between the irreducible noise and the cooling of the unit. But the fan noise must also be considered. The relation between total airflow related noise and cooling requirements is developed in this paper for the irreducible noise.     

The active device characterization and modelling problem in low phase noise microwave oscillator design

The conversion of low frequency noise into phase noise in a high frequency oscillator depends strongly on the active device type and operating conditions. Experimental set-ups are presented to achieve the choice of a transistor to be used in low noise oscillators and to study the correlation between phase noise and low frequency noise. Modelling guidelines are then described to help in the understanding of the noise conversion process. Simple rules of noise reduction are derived from simplified small signal models but the emphasis is put on more complete modelling approaches. These accurate models are affected by yet unsolved (or partially unsolved) problems such as : the influence of the large signal behaviour on the noise sources or the physically unacceptable cancellation of the phase noise in special biasing conditions.     

Realistic scalability of noise in dynamic circuits

The usage of noise-sensitive dynamic circuits has become commonplace due to speed and area requirements, making the noise issue even more prominent. This paper focuses on the trends of coupling and its effects on dynamic circuits. It presents closed form analytical solutions for noise, as well as noise tolerance metrics for dynamic circuits. These solutions are within 5% of dynamic simulations. It is shown that not all scaling trends are negative for noise, and that the scaling down of supply voltage and increasing frequency, help improve certain aspects of the noise immunity of dynamic circuits. Most of the works treated the noise immunity and the noise content separately. This paper introduces an analysis of noise scalability by looking at the noise immunity and the noise content simultaneously.