造纸企业清洁生产的评价示例

本文从清洁生产的角度，通过对某造纸企业的生产从原材料、产品、资源消耗和污染物排放为指标的清洁生产全过程进行综合评价，定量分析与评定出企业清洁生产的总体水平及在同行业中所处的位置。     

制革行业清洁生产评价指标体系(试行)

清洁生产、节能降耗是我国国情所需,也是政府极力推行的政策。国家发展和改革委员会2007年7月20日公布了制革、发酵、纯碱、机械、硫酸、水泥行业清洁生产评价指标体系,并宣布这6部评价指标体系从发布之日起施行。颁布实施上述评价指标体系有助于推广清洁生产,提高资源利用率,减少或避免污染物的产生与排放。上述评价指标体系一般包括能源消耗、资源消耗和污染物排放等逆向指标,数值越小越符合清洁生产要求;而资源综合利用指标数值越大,越符合清洁生产要求。贯彻国家"节能减排"方针仍然是行业今明两年的重要工作,为了让皮革行业有关人士充分了解制革清洁生产的具体要求和评价体系,本刊特刊发此文。     

实施清洁生产走新型工业化之路——湘江纸业公司实施清洁生产实践

介绍湘江纸业公司实施清洁生产的措施,公司按照《制浆造纸行业清洗生产评价指标体系（试行）》标准,通过在资源和能源消耗,生产技术特征,资源综合利用,污染物产生,环境管理要求等方面进行分析和清洁生产审核,通过实施清洁生产方案,取得了较好的经济,社会和环境效益。     

清洁生产在环境监测中的应用初探

当前阶段,我国环境监测站的数量在不断增加,而在实验室环境监测工作过程中也会产生大量的废水或废弃物等有害物质,这些有害物质排放到环境中会造成环境污染问题,同时还会对人体健康产生威胁。为了全面分析污染物产生的原因,找到污染物的源头,并有效减少环境监测中污染物的排放,提升清洁生产的应用效率,现从环境监测体系、环境监测评价和污染源控制等方面入手,对清洁生产在环境监测中的具体应用展开分析,并提出清洁生产和实验室管理相结合的方法,以此实现控制环境监测过程中污染物的排放。     

恒翔纸业通过清洁生产核审验收

专家组认为恒翔纸业公司高度重视清洁生产核审工作，产品生产工艺与装备要求、资源能源利用指标、污染物产生指标、废物回收利用指标、环境管理要求均住国家或行业标准之内。根据“源头削减、全过程控制”的原则开展了清洁生产审核，审核目标合理、重点突出、过程规范、措施有力，确保了审核的规范性、科学性。     

啤酒业将出台生产标准

国家环保总局目前正着手制订《啤酒制造业的清洁生产标准》 ,这在国内乃至国际尚属首次。该标准 (征求意见稿 )已发至各啤酒企业和业内专家 ,征求意见 ,即将出台。据悉 ,该标准的制订将严格按照清洁生产的要求 ,从生产工艺和装备要求、资源能耗利用指标、产品指标、污染物产生指标、废物回收利用指标和环境管理要求等 6个方面提出标准的指标啤酒业将出台生产标准     

化工行业企业强制性清洁生产与污染防治对策研究

自1993年逐步推行清洁生产工作以来,我国陆续颁布了清洁生产促进法、审核评估与验收指南、“十四五”全国清洁生产推行方案等系列文件,围绕化工、钢铁等行业的节能、降耗、减排提出了诸多要求。尤其是化工行业企业在生产过程中产生的废气、废水、废渣等,处置不当极易对大气、水体、土壤造成严重污染。积极开展化工行业强制性清洁生产和污染防治,从根源上减少各类污染物的产生和排放是加快形成绿色生产方式、促进经济社会全面绿色转型的有效途径。本文结合化工行业企业生产工艺的特点和产生的主要污染物,对进一步开展清洁生产、加强污染防治的重要作用进行细致阐述,并围绕提高清洁生产认识、提升清洁生产工艺水平、落实生产主体责任、明确污染物种类、实施防治措施等方面,提出几点清洁生产与污染防治策略,以供参考。     

中国纺织服装行业绿色标准比较分析

为系统解析中国纺织服装行业的绿色标准，对现行的相关绿色标准进行了统计归类、绿色评价指标梳理和绿色指标限值比对，结果表明：现行的纺织服装行业绿色标准包括3种限制类标准(取水定额、水污染物排放限额、能耗限额)和5种鼓励类标准(节水型企业评价、绿色工厂评价、绿色生态类产品评价、绿色园区评价和绿色供应链评价);前四类标准的评价指标只针对某一方面绿色性能设定要求，后四类标准则为取水量、能耗、污染物排放等多维度指标综合评价；在单位产品取水量限额、单位产品废水排放量限额方面，取水定额标准和水污染物排放限额标准要求最低；在单位产品能耗限额方面，能耗限额标准、绿色工厂评价标准、绿色生态类产品评价标准对于同类产品的限额值差距较小。     

上半年中国皮革行业产值增长7％

佛山市里水将有11家企业试水开展清洁生产，倡导环保节能，从源头开始减少污染物的产生。里水把11家漂染和皮革企业列为清洁生产的试点单位，计划从能源利用、工艺技术等方面加以改进。     

“十四五”时期我国制革行业绿色发展路径探析

清洁生产已经成为“十四五”时期“减污降碳协同增效”的重要手段。2008—2017年，随着我国绿色发展工作的推进，制革行业中单位成品革取水量、废水产生量、氨氮产生量分别降低了30.56%、31.25%、43.1%。但目前仍然面临着中小企业污染治理能力不足、绿色设计和环境管理不到位，以及制革固废减量化和资源化利用内生动力不足三方面问题。本文通过回顾我国制革行业2002年以来在清洁生产评价指标体系、清洁生产技术及污染物减排等方面的工作成效，结合“十四五”时期我国绿色发展新形势和新要求，从皮革企业清洁生产分类管理、清洁生产工艺技术与装备研发、产业集聚区清洁低碳改造治理模式创新等方面提出建议，可为有关单位开展制革行业企业绿色低碳循环发展工作提供参考。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the