采用开尔文扫描探针技术研究镁合金偶接铜合金的电偶腐蚀规律

采用开尔文探针技术(SKP)测量AZ91D镁合金与H62铜合金偶接试样在盐雾加速实验中的电偶腐蚀规律.研究表明:AZ91D镁合金的电偶腐蚀效应受到阳极与阴极的电位差的影响,AZ91D镁合金与H62铜合金偶接试样之间的伏打电位差约为-1.22V,AZ91D镁合金存在显著的电偶腐蚀效应.由于存在较大的伏打电位差,在盐雾实验初始阶段,电偶腐蚀主要发生在偶接界面AZ91D镁合金一侧附近区域,而H62黄铜没有发生明显腐蚀.由于AZ91D镁合金在盐雾中生成的腐蚀产物对基体具有一定的保护作用,AZ91D镁合金表面腐蚀产物与基体间存在显著的伏打电位差,导致AZ91D镁合金基体形成新的腐蚀产物.因此,随着盐雾实验时间延长,AZ91D镁合金电偶腐蚀效应降低,H62铜合金腐蚀加快.     

AZ91D镁合金表面真空蒸镀锌铝复合涂层的研究

采用真空蒸镀的方法在AZ91D镁合金表面沉积了锌铝复合涂层,之后在大气环境中,400℃,32 MPa压力下保温2 h。利用OM,SEM,EDS,XRD对涂层的表面形貌,断层结构,表层物相组成进行观察和分析,并对蒸镀锌铝涂层的镁合金进行显微硬度测试和耐蚀性试验。结果表明:在AZ91D表面获得了均匀的锌铝复合涂层,涂层与基体间形成了相互扩散的过渡层,结合二元相图及各点的EDS结果分析可知,在Mg/Zn界面形成的共晶相为Mg2Zn11或MgZn2,在A l/Zn界面形成的共晶相为A l2Zn3;热压处理的试样表面显微硬度达到了1360~1430MPa,为基体硬度的1.7~2.4倍;在3.5%的NaC l中性溶液中浸泡72 h后,热压试样的涂层未发现明显破裂,岛状组织仍然存在,试样表面只出现了少量黑色斑点状的腐蚀,未热压试样的涂层大片剥落,露出了亮白色的基体,涂层已起不到保护基体的作用,而AZ91D试样的基体组织受到了很大破坏,腐蚀坑呈大片的连续状,并有团絮状的腐蚀产物Mg(OH)2,这种疏松的结构不具有防护作用,可见热压涂层使镁合金表面的耐蚀性能得到了明显的改善。     

铒对铸态AZ91D镁合金腐蚀的影响

通过在镁合金AZ91D熔炼过程中添加0.2%、0.4%和0.6%铒,研究了不同铒含量对铸态镁合金AZ91D在4%Na Cl溶液中腐蚀的影响。Tafel极化曲线表明,0.2%和0.6%Er能加速镁合金的腐蚀,在添加0.4%Er后,镁合金的自腐蚀电流密度小于空白试样的自腐蚀电流密度;交流阻抗谱反映出0.4%Er对镁合金的点蚀起到明显的抑制作用,而0.2%Er和0.6%Er却降低了反应过程中的电化学阻力;浸泡失重法也体现出添加0.4%Er对镁合金的缓蚀作用,0.2%Er加速了腐蚀,而0.6%Er随着反应时间的延长,腐蚀速率明显降低,5天后反应速率低于空白样腐蚀速率;通过扫描电镜观察各试样腐蚀1天后的表面形貌发现,AZ91D+0.4%Er能有效抑制点蚀。     

AZ31镁合金及工业纯镁大气腐蚀行为研究

对AZ31镁合金和纯镁试样在大连地区海洋性气候中进行为期400 d的室外大气暴露实验,采用图像法计算腐蚀动力学方程,并分析了腐蚀产物的组成结构。结果表明,AZ31镁合金和纯镁试样进行为期400 d的大气暴露实验后,试样表面覆盖一层深灰色的腐蚀产物膜,试样表面腐蚀轻微的区域形成了一些孤立的"小岛","小岛"之间出现较深的蚀坑。AZ31和纯镁试样腐蚀面积分别占各自总面积的42.3%和65.0%。大气暴露实验后的AZ31试样腐蚀产物主要由MgO,Mg(OH)2,Al(OH)3,Al2O3以及Mg和Al元素的碳酸盐、硫酸盐和氯化物所组成。采用图像法统计计算的AZ31镁合金和纯镁试样腐蚀动力学遵循指数关系,H=C×tn。动力学方程分别为:HAZ31=0.403×t0.653,HP Mg=0.549×t0.665。暴露400 d后的AZ31和纯镁试样的腐蚀深度分别为20.2和29.3μm,后者是前者的1.45倍。     

基于消失模铸造AZ91镁合金组织及耐腐蚀性研究

本文以AZ91镁合金为原料,系统研究了基于消失模铸造镁合金的组织及耐腐蚀性能。结果表明,基于消失模铸造AZ91镁合金组织中出现了Al-Mn-Fe三元相,消失模铸造镁合金的腐蚀速率高于金属型铸造镁合金,镁合金的耐腐蚀性能受铸造工艺影响较大。     

AZ31镁合金在海洋大气环境中的腐蚀行为

通过室外大气暴露试验,研究了AZ31镁合金在万宁和青岛2个海洋大气环境试验站点1～5年的腐蚀规律,用失重法测定了腐蚀速率,并用SEM和XRD分析了5年后表面腐蚀形貌和腐蚀产物的组成。研究表明,AZ31镁合金暴露在海洋大气环境5年后的腐蚀动力学符合幂函数规律,万宁站的腐蚀速率高于青岛站,且腐蚀速率都随暴露时间的延长而降低,但青岛站腐蚀速率降低幅度更大,腐蚀产物膜对基体保护作用较万宁站强;AZ31镁合金暴露在万宁站和青岛站5年后的腐蚀速率分别为37.6和13.5μm·a-1,腐蚀产物以MgCl2,MgCO3,MgSO3,MgSO4,Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2·8H2O和Mg2(OH)3Cl·4H2O为主;AZ31镁合金在海洋大气环境中不耐腐蚀,表面布满点蚀坑,相对湿度对镁合金较长周期的腐蚀有显著影响。     

稀土熔盐扩渗对AZ91D镁合金耐蚀性能的影响

为了提高镁合金的耐蚀性能,首先采用表面机械研磨的方法实现了AZ91D镁合金表面纳米化,然后研究了Ce、Nd、Y熔盐扩渗对AZ91D镁合金表层组织及耐蚀性能的影响。采用扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)以及X射线衍射(XRD)对扩渗层形貌及物相进行了表征,并利用电化学工作站测试了稀土扩渗后合金在3.5%NaCl水溶液中的极化曲线。研究结果表明,经过表面纳米化及熔盐扩渗稀土后,AZ91D镁合金表面形成一层均匀、致密的稀土扩渗层,合金耐蚀能力明显提高,腐蚀电流密度降低一个数量级,渗层厚度随着扩渗时间的延长而增加,扩渗层变得更连续、致密,XRD及TEM结果表明,扩渗层主要由α-Mg,Mg_(17)Al_(12)和富稀土相Al2RE(Ce/Nd/Y)组成。     

AZ31镁合金微区电偶腐蚀的数值研究

结合水平集函数方法及移动网格技术,利用有限元法模拟分析了离散型β相分布和连续型β相分布的AZ31镁合金在NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为,通过解Nernst-Planck方程得到腐蚀过程中AZ31镁合金/NaCl界面的电势、氯离子及镁离子浓度分布,并通过扫描离子选择性电极实验验证了此模拟方法的可行性.模拟分析表明,当β相离散分布在α相周边时,在与β相相邻的α相区域腐蚀速率最快,形成腐蚀缩颈坑,坑内氯离子富集,进一步加速了α相的腐蚀,最终β相逐渐脱离合金进入溶液;当β相连续分布在α相周边时,α相不断被腐蚀,最终α相全部溶解而只剩β相,求解随即停止.扫描离子选择性电极实验结果表明此模拟模型可以对镁合金的电化学腐蚀进行较好预测和判断.      

稀土元素铈对镁合金AZ91D显微组织和力学性能的影响

利用光学显微镜、X射线衍射和扫描电镜等分析研究含铈镁合金AZ91D（0．25％Ce、0．7％Ce、0．95％Ce）的显微组织,并对其力学性能进行了测试,同时与不含铈镁合金AZ91D进行了比较。结果表明,加入一定量Ce后的镁合金AZ91D形成杆状化合物Al4Ce,被推移到生长界面,阻碍枝晶的自由生长,从而细化合金显微组织;Ce能提高镁合金AZ91D抗拉强度和硬度,而对其屈服强度和延伸率影响不大;加入0．7％Ce的AZ91D镁合金晶粒细化效果和综合力学性能比较理想。     

AZ91D镁合金表面电弧喷涂/微弧氧化复合陶瓷涂层结构组成与耐蚀性研究

通过一种新的电弧喷涂/微弧氧化(EASP/MAO)复合工艺,在AZ91D镁合金表面制备了复合陶瓷涂层。电弧喷涂处理试样在430℃下进行了热扩散处理后,在以硅酸盐碱性电解液体系中进行微弧氧化处理。利用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析仪(EDS)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)对复合涂层表面和截面形貌、元素和相组成进行了分析,利用CS2350双单元电化学工作站对涂层试样在3.5%NaCl溶液中的动电位极化曲线进行了测定。结果表明:在430℃、氩气保护氛围下,保温热扩散处理2 h后,在基材与喷涂铝层间形成了热扩散层,扩散层由Al3Mg2和Al12Mg17两相组成。由于电弧喷涂铝涂层存在较多的表面缺陷,其对AZ91D镁合金基材只能起到有限的保护作用。经微弧氧化处理后,电弧喷涂铝涂层表面形成氧化铝陶瓷层,主要由α-Al2O3和γ-Al2O3两相组成。跟AZ91D镁合金基体相比,经微弧氧化处理10,20 min后的试样在3.5%NaCl溶液中的自腐蚀电位分别正移到-0.8279,-1.0570 V,较基体约分别提高770,550 mV,腐蚀倾向降低,基体的自腐蚀电流密度为经过微弧氧化处理10 min后试样的4.1倍,为经过微弧氧化处理20 min试样的460.6倍。     

China's Major Non-ferrous Metals Imports & Exports

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Zinc Production by Province in 2014

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80% of Chinese Firms Purchasing Overseas Mines Ended up in the Red

<正>Minmetals Resources acquired the world’s largest copper mine under construction for USD5.85 billion.One after another,listed companies Jien Nickle,China Molybdenum and Chihong Zinc and Germanium raised money to get involved in overseas mining projects…SOEs and private enterprises are engaged in a frenzy of overseas mine purchasing.A reporter with Economic     

Copper Processing Profit Dropped Sharply,Copper Consumption Will Face Impact in the Second Half of the Year

正Judging from China’s copper consumption field,the biggest consumption unit is electric power,which accounts for 47%of total consumption;it is followed by light industry sector,including household electrical appliance,machinery,durable goods and hardware etc,which accounts for 22%of total consumption;followed by transportation field,     

Central Geological Prospecting Fund Newly Added 16.47 Million Tonnes of Bauxite in 2013

正In 2013,the Central Geological Prospecting Fund(CGPF)Project newly discovered 15 ore fields,including 3 large above ore fields,and 5medium sized ore fields.The reporter learned from the recently published"Annual Report of Central Geological Prospecting Fund Project(2013)"that,from 2006 to 2013 the CGPF     

Manufacturers of Copper Tube for Central Air Conditioner Use Face Mounting Pressure in the Final Quarter of the Year

正This year,the investment growth rate of real estate industry continued to slow down,sold area of commercial housing also dropped significantly,which brought huge pressure to the domestic air conditioning manufactures.In the first half of the year,by relying on high growth in national financial expenditure,along with investment in public infrastructure     

Xinjiang Ranks No.1 in Production of Primary Aluminum in China

正Kang Yi,Honorary Chairman of China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association,said recently at the Forum on Development of the Non-ferrous Metals Industry in Central and Western China held in Zhengzhou that,as more and more electrolytic aluminum factories in Xinjiang came into operation,the electrolytic aluminum output of Xinjiang had reached2,275,000 tons in the first 7 months this year,     

Shenhuo Coal Industry and Electricity Power Completed800,000 t/a Aluminum Project in Xinjiang

正"Xinjiang project has been completed according to schedule,but total completion and total start of production are two different concepts,after completion it still needs a gradual process of reaching production target."On the morning of November 3,Shenhuo Coal Industry and Electricity Power told investors the above statement on the investor interaction platform.     

Guangdong Metal Transaction Center has Become the Second Largest Precious Metal Transaction Platform Nationwide

正The reporter learned from Guangdong Province Precious Metal Transaction Center that in 2013the Center maintained healthy development momentum,and had become the second largest precious metal transaction platform in China in terms of market size;currently Guangdong is quickening steps of financial innovation for the Center,aiming to build a transaction center with international core competitiveness.     

Seven Rare Earth Projects Involving Close to 3 Billion Yuan Investment Landed In the HighTech Zone

正On May 22,Baotou Rare Earth Industry Cooperation Consultation MeetingProject Agreement-signing Ceremony was held in Ningbo,nearly 40 enterprises from Ningbo,Guangdong,Hunan,and Shanxi participated in project consultation.After multi-lateral communication,agreements were signed for a total of 7 rare earth projects successfully.