温度对电沉积氢氧化镍电化学性能的影响

在0.1mol/L的Ni(NO3)2溶液中,采用电化学沉积法制备出适用于锌镍微电池的氢氧化镍电极,研究了电沉积温度对Ni(OH)2电极的电化学循环伏安性能以及充放电性能的影响。测试结果表明,电沉积方法制备的Ni(OH)2电极适合于微电池的制作。30°C下电沉积制备的Ni(OH)2电极具有优异的电化学性能,其质子扩散系数为7.71×10-12cm2/s,放电比容量为1285μAh/cm2,利用率达91.4%。     

La和Zn复合掺杂α-Ni(OH)_2电极材料的电化学性能

采用尿素均相沉淀法制备出稀土La和Zn复合掺杂α-Ni(OH)2样品材料,同时采用XRD、EDS、IR和TG-DSC热分析技术对样品的微结构和组成进行了测试,并研究了样品作为MH-Ni电池正极活性材料的电化学性能。结果表明,稀土La和Zn复合掺杂α-Ni(OH)2材料具有较大的晶格间距,其含有更多的结构H2O分子,电极反应的电荷转移电阻较低;样品材料电极在以0.1C充放,终止电压1.0V的制度下,其放电比容量高达372.85mAh.g-1,同时放电中值电压较高并稳定于1.30V,1C下其放电比容量高达344.07mAh.g-1,充放电循环30次容量保持率为93.04%,显示出良好的较大倍率放电性能和循环可逆及结构稳定性能。     

稳定的α—Ni（OH）2的研究进展

α－Ni(OH)2因具有较高的放电比容量、有望成为镍电极的活性物质。综述了锌、铁、锰、钴和铝取代的α－Ni(OH)2的制备工艺及其电化学性能。在探讨α相不稳定的原因及如何使其稳定于强碱中的基础上、展望了其应用前景。     

非晶态氢氧化镍复合碳纳米管电极材料的电化学性能

采用快速冷冻化学共沉淀法制备非晶态Ni(OH)2粉体,将其作为电化学活性物质复合碳纳米管合成镍电极材料,研究了其电化学性能. 结果表明,加入碳纳米管有效减少了镍电极的电荷转移电阻,增大了电极反应过程的质子扩散系数. 复合0.5%(w)碳纳米管合成的非晶态氢氧化镍电极材料在1 C充放电制度下,放电终止电压为1.0 V时,其放电比容量高达336.5 mA×h/g,放电中值电压为1.251 V,充放电循环30次,放电比容量保持率为96.74%,表现出较好的高倍率充放电性能.     

La掺杂Al代a-Ni(OH)2电极材料的性能

采用尿素均相沉淀法制备了La掺杂Al代a-Ni(OH)2粉体材料,表征了其微观结构和形貌,并测试了样品作为MH-Ni电池正极活性材料的电化学性能. 结果表明,制备的样品颗粒呈类球形,与Al代a-Ni(OH)2相比,结晶度增强,具有更大的晶格层间距,电极反应具有更好的可逆性和较小的电化学阻抗,在0.1 C下放电比容量达403.04 mA×h/g,放电中值电压较高并稳定于1.29 V,1 C下放电比容量达343.47 mA×h/g,充放电循环50次容量保持率为90.31%,显示了良好的较大倍率放电性能.     

锂离子电池正极材料Li_(1.2)Ni_(0.16)Co_(0.12)Mn_(0.52)O_2的溶胶-凝胶制备与电化学性能研究

以柠檬酸作为螯合剂,通过简单的溶胶-凝胶法制备了富锂层状氧化物Li1.2Ni0.16Co0.12Mn0.52O2纳米颗粒。X射线衍射(XRD)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)结果显示:尺寸在100~300 nm的产物具有良好的六方层状结构。作为锂离子电池正极活性物质,在0.1C电流密度和2.0~4.7 V电压区间,Li1.2Ni0.16Co0.12Mn0.52O2电极的初始放电比容量为245.9 mAh·g-1;在0.5C的电流密度下,经过60次循环容量保持率达到97.3%;同时在5C这样高的电流密度下,放电容量也能稳定在115.8 mAh·g-1。     

稀土Nd~(3+)与Cu~(2+)掺杂非晶态纳米Ni(OH)_2材料的电化学性能

晶态氢氧化镍[Ni(OH)2]在碱性电解液中易发生相变,影响其电化学性能。文中采用微乳液快速冷冻共沉淀法制备Nd3+和Cu2+复合掺杂非晶态纳米Ni(OH)2粉体材料,并对其结构形貌及物理特性进行表征分析。结果表明,制备出的非晶态Ni(OH)2样品材料,微结构含有较多结晶水,物相近似球形,粒径大小在20—30nm。对样品电极材料的电化学性能测试发现,掺杂Nd3+和Cu2+的摩尔比为2∶1时,所制备的样品材料合成镍电极,并组装成MH-Ni模拟电池,在恒电流80mA/g下充电6h,40mA/g放电,终止电压为1.0V的充放电条件下,放电比容量高达348.0mA.h/g,放电中值电压为1.2723V,同时样品电极材料的氧化还原可逆性较好,电极过程的电化学阻抗较小。电化学性能优于目前MH-Ni生产应用的晶态β-Ni(OH)2电极材料。     

La掺杂Al代α-Ni(OH)_2电极材料的性能

采用尿素均相沉淀法制备了La掺杂Al代α-Ni(OH)2粉体材料,表征了其微观结构和形貌,并测试了样品作为MH-Ni电池正极活性材料的电化学性能.结果表明,制备的样品颗粒呈类球形,与Al代α-Ni(OH)2相比,结晶度增强,具有更大的晶格层间距,电极反应具有更好的可逆性和较小的电化学阻抗,在0.1C下放电比容量达403.04mA·h/g,放电中值电压较高并稳定于1.29V,1C下放电比容量达343.47mA·h/g,充放电循环50次容量保持率为90.31%,显示了良好的较大倍率放电性能.     

Fe(Ⅲ)和Al(Ⅲ)复合掺杂非晶态Ni(OH)_2的电极材料及性能

采用快速冷冻沉淀法首次成功制备出Fe(Ⅲ)和Al(Ⅲ)复合掺杂非晶态Ni(OH)2粉体材料。通过XRD、SAED、SEM、IR、Raman光谱及DSC-TG等对样品粉体的结构形态进行表征和分析,同时将样品合成电极材料并组装成MH/Ni模拟电池进行电化学性能测试,结果表明,样品材料内部结构缺陷多、无序性强、材料微粒大小比较均匀,并具有较好的分散性,结合水含量较多。将复合掺杂Fe(Ⅲ)5%和Al(Ⅲ)8%的样品材料制备镍正极并组装成MH/Ni模拟电池,在以80 mA·g-1恒流充电5.5 h,40 mA·g-1恒流放电,终止电压1.0 V的充放电制度下,进行充放电性能、比容量及其循环性能等电化学性能的测试,放电平台平稳,工作电压高达1.30 V,放电比容量达到357.6 mAh·g-1,且在电极过程中材料的稳定性增强、电化学阻抗较小,循环可逆性较好。     

纳米氢氧化镍掺杂镍电极的电化学性能

介绍了一种通过合成草酸镍,进而生成纳米Ni(OH)2的新的合成路线.X射线衍射以及红外光谱测试结果表明,得到的Ni(OH)2为β型.通过透射电镜观察到,合成的Ni(OH)2样品呈针状,长度在100～200 nm之间,直径为10～20 nm.对掺杂质量分数8%纳米级氢氧化镍的电极的电化学性能进行了测试,可以发现:放电容量比未掺杂的球形氢氧化镍电极提高了9.6%,且经过10次循环以后放电容量仍能达到原来的94%.     

氢氧化镍粉末的化学镀Co-Zn合金表面改性研究

采用化学沉积技术对由水溶液络合沉淀法合成的氢氧化镍粉末进行了表面包覆Co—Zn改性处理,利用扫描电子显微镜分析、比表面积测量、X一射线光电子能谱及原子吸收光谱等对处理前后氢氧化镍粉末的表面形貌、微晶结构、比表面积、元素化学态及镀层组成等进行了表征和研究。结果表明,Co—Zn合金镀层可以均匀包覆在氢氧化镍颗粒表面,氢氧化镍经化学镀处理后其表面微观组织形貌发生了明显变化。化学镀表面改性使氢氧化镍粉末的比表面积有所降低,镀层中的Co、Zn元素均以氧化态形式存在。     

Effects of ball milling on the physical and electrochemical characteristics of nickel hydroxide powder

Nickel hydroxide powder was modified by the method of ball milling, and the physical properties of both the ball-milled and un-milled nickel hydroxide were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, specific surface area, particle size distribution and X-ray diffraction. It was found that the ball milling processing could obviously increase the surface area, decrease the particle and crystallite size, and reduce the crystallinity of β-Ni(OH)₂, which was advantageous to the improvement of the electrochemical activity of nickel hydroxide powder. Electrochemical performances of pasted nickel electrodes using the ball-milled nickel hydroxide as an active material were investigated, and were compared with those of the electrodes prepared with the un-milled nickel hydroxide. Charge/discharge tests showed that the ball-milled nickel hydroxide electrodes exhibited better performances in the charging efficiency, specific discharge capacity, active material utilization and discharge voltage. The improvement of the performances of β-Ni(OH)₂ through ball milling could be attributed to the better reaction reversibility, higher coulombic efficiency, higher oxygen evolution potential and lower electrochemical impedance, as indicated by the cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy studies. Thus, ball milling was an effective method to modify the physical properties and enhance the electrochemical performances of nickel hydroxide powder for the active material of rechargeable alkaline nickel batteries.     

Ca3(PO4)2 coating of spherical Ni(OH)2 cathode materials for Ni-MH batteries at elevated temperature

Calcium phosphate was used for surface modification of spherical nickel hydroxide to improve its high temperature performance at the first time due to its low cost. The Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and Co(OH)₂ coated nickel hydroxides were prepared by precipitation of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ on the surface of spherical nickel hydroxide, followed by precipitation of Co(OH)₂ on its surface. The optimum coating content of calcium was around 2% (atomic concentration) to obtain high discharge capacity both at 25 and 60 °C. It was shown that the discharge capacity of nickel hydroxide at higher temperatures was improved by coating of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and cobalt hydroxide. The high temperature performances of the sealed AA-sized nickel-metal hydride (Ni-MH) batteries using Ca/Co coated nickel hydroxide as positive electrodes were carried out, showing much better than those using uncoated or only Co(OH)₂ coated nickel hydroxide electrodes. The charge acceptance of the battery using 2% Ca and 2% Co coated nickel hydroxide reached 81% at 60 °C, where the charge acceptances for uncoated and only Co(OH)₂ coated nickel hydroxide were only 42 and 48%, respectively. It has shown that the Ca/Co coating is an effective way to improve the high temperature performance of nickel hydroxide for nickel-metal hydride batteries. It is a promising cathode material of Ni-MH batteries for EV applications due to the cost.     

二吡啶胺为配体的新型镍配合物的合成及结构

以2,2'-二吡啶胺(Hdpa)和对氨基苯甲酸钠(PABA为4-氨基苯甲酸阴离子)为原料,和氟化镍反应合成了一种新型的镍配合物[Ni(PABA)(Hdpa)2]F(CH3OH)。通过X-射线单晶衍射、红外光谱、元素分析、质谱(ESI),对该配合物进行了结构表征。晶体结构表明,该配合物为阴离子-阳离子型化合物。     

微波共沉淀法制备锂离子电池正极材料LiNi0.8Co0.2O2

采用微波共沉淀法合成了制备LiNi0.8Co0.2O2的前驱体球形α-Ni0.8Co0.2(OH)2,将其与LiOH·H2O混合,在氧气氛围下,用不同的烧结温度分别烧结10小时获得LiNi0.8Co0.2O2正极材料。用XRD、SEM对所制备的正极材料进行结构和形貌分析,用恒流充放电测试材料的电化学性能。结果表明,烧结温度对材料结构和电化学性能影响较大,所合成材料均具有α-NaFeO2的层状结构,烧结温度越高材料结晶越完善。900℃烧结的LiNi0.8Co0.2O2材料初级颗粒结晶最完善而且其二次团聚粒子的平均粒径最小,其表现出的电化学性能也最好,首次放电容量为189.1mA·h·g-1,首次循环放电效率达到92.5%。30循环后放电容量保持在148 mA·h·g-1,显示出较好的循环稳定性。     

Performance improvement of pasted nickel electrodes with an addition of ball-milled nickel hydroxide powder

Spherical β-Ni(OH)₂ was modified by a low-cost method of normal ball milling (NBM), and the physical properties of both ball-milled and un-milled Ni(OH)₂ were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, specific surface area, particle size distribution and X-ray diffraction. It was found that NBM could obviously increase the surface area, decrease the particle and crystallite size, and reduce the crystallinity of β-Ni(OH)₂, which were advantageous to the improvement of the electrochemical activity of Ni(OH)₂. NBM also lowered the packing density and flowability of Ni(OH)₂, as revealed by the measurements of tapping density and angle of repose. Electrochemical performances of pasted nickel electrodes with an addition of ball-milled Ni(OH)₂ to spherical Ni(OH)₂ as the active material were investigated, and were compared with those of the pure spherical Ni(OH)₂ electrodes. Charge/discharge tests showed that ball-milled Ni(OH)₂ addition could enhance the charging efficiency, specific discharge capacity, discharge voltage and high-rate capability of the electrodes. This performance improvement could be attributed to a more compact electrode microstructure, better reaction reversibility and lower electrochemical impedance, as indicated by scanning electron microscopy, cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Thus, it was an effective method to modify the microstructure and improve the electrochemical properties of pasted nickel electrodes by adding an appropriate amount of ball-milled Ni(OH)₂ to spherical Ni(OH)₂ as the active material.     

表面化学镀镍处理LiAl0．05Ni0．25Co0．70O2改性研究正极材料的改性研究

采用化学镀的方法在层状LiAl0．05Ni0．25Co0．70O2表面沉积一层镍,通过X-射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜及电化学测试研究其表面形貌、结构和电化学性质。结果表明,所制备的材料表面镀镍层均匀致密,有效地抑制了材料表面与电解液的相互作用。首次放电比容量达到121．51mA·h／g,经过30次循环后容量保持率为91．35％,其循环稳定性能得到明显提高。     

共沉淀法制备Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2及电化学性能研究

采用NH3-NaOH共沉淀法合成了L[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2正极材料,通过改变NH3·H2O浓度及加料方式研究材料的电化学性能.采用XRD、SEM对晶体的结构和形貌作表征.将正极材料Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2制成电极极片,组装成电池进行测试.分析测试结果表明,合成的极材料Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2具有典型的α-NaFeO2结构,粒径分布较好,呈类球形.     

Ni(OH)2/活性炭复合材料在超级电容器中的应用

用化学沉淀法在活性炭(AC)表面和微孔内掺杂不同量的氢氧化镍,制备了氢氧化镍-活性炭[Ni(OH)2-AC]复合材料. 用X射线衍射(XRD)和氮气吸附等温线等对活性炭和复合材料进行表征,结果表明,所制材料为b-Ni(OH)2-AC复合材料. 对不同掺杂量的b-Ni(OH)2-AC复合材料的电化学性能进行了研究,循环伏安、恒流充放电实验表明,少量氢氧化镍掺入活性炭表面和微孔中,所得材料的比电容较活性炭有所提高,并具有良好的充放电性能;当氢氧化镍的掺入量为6%(w)时,所制备的超级电容器单电极表现出优良的电化学性能. 以活性炭电极作负极,复合材料作正极制成复合型超级电容器,循环性能测试发现,掺入6%(w)氢氧化镍的复合材料制成的Ni(OH)2-AC/AC复合型超级电容器比电容高达330.7 F/g,比活性炭(AC/AC)超级电容器比电容(245.6 F/g)提高了34.6%,且Ni(OH)2-AC/AC复合型超级电容器具有更好的循环充放电性能.     

不同流场状态对球形氢氧化镍生长粒度的影响

在相同的搅拌桨线速度、晶化时间、化学条件下,采用化学沉淀法分别应用八斜叶涡轮圆盘桨、推进式螺旋桨、Intermig桨分别制备球形氢氧化镍晶体。采用SEM技术考察各个样品的微观形貌,并结合PIV物理模拟技术分析不同桨型状态下反应器内的流场特性,研究表明:采用八斜叶涡轮圆盘桨是样品的球形度最佳,采用Intermig桨时样品的粒度d0.5最大。讨论了不同桨型对球形氢氧化镍晶体松装密度的影响。