SMT-TAB: A process planning system for PCB assembly using TAB and SMT

Process planning is a critical function in any manufacturing domain. This is especially true in the electronics manufacturing area where substantial heuristic and experiential knowledge is commonly used during process plan development. While research in computer-aided process planning (CAPP) has tended to concentrate in the machining realm, few CAPP systems have been developed for electronics manufacturing applications and more specifically for the printed circuit board (PCB) assembly domain. Besides, the CAPP systems that have been developed for this area have dealt with either insertion mount or surface mount PCB assembly processes only.Tape automated bonding (TAB), though a relatively new technology, is gaining importance in electronics assembly owing to its inherent advantages. The advent of fine pitch technology together with the ever increasing need for more inputs/outputs and greater pin counts in integrated circuit applications has enhanced the use of TAB technology in electronics manufacturing. This trend has been further augmented by the increasing need for compactness in consumer electronics.This research designed and developed a prototype CAPP system for the PCB assembly domain. The system developed generates a process plan for PCBs populated with surface mount and/or TAB components. An artificial-intelligence based expert system approach has been used in the design and development of the CAPP system. Outputs generated by the system are presented along with ideas for future research.     

A rule-based frame system for concurrent assembly machines

The aim of this research is to develop a rule-based frame system for printed circuit board (PCB) assembly to generate the component feeder arrangement and placement sequence for concurrent chip placement machines. A knowledge base of frames, assertions and rules are used in the methodology to solve the PCB assembly process of SMT components. The system has been implemented using an AI programming environment, GOLDWORKS^®. A heuristic approach is used to minimize placement cycle time in PCB assembly. The objective of the solution method is to reduce theX-Y table displacement, movement and component feeder translation movement. Such a system is aimed at obtaining good solutions to the problem as illustrated by an example.     

三维定量化工艺设计的关键技术研究

定量化和智能化工艺设计是CAPP发展的主要趋势。综合已有的有效工艺知识表达方法,基于Un igraph ics的知识融合模块UG/KF(Know ledge Fusion),提出以基于规则的面向对象表示方法(主要是intent!语言)和基于规则的过程表示(Java Expert System Shell,JESS)为基础,以开放式知识库连接协议(Open Know ledge Base Connection,OKBC)为核心模型的工艺知识表达方法和工艺知识推理机制等关键技术。最后给出原型系统的实现方法。     

A pragmatic system to support interactive assembly planning and training in an immersive virtual environment (I-VAPTS)

Assembly planning for complex products is a difficult task requiring both intensive knowledge and experience. Computer aided assembly planning (CAAP) systems have been the subject of considerable research in recent years without achieving a wide application in manufacturing industry. In this paper an alternative approach to the generation of an optimal assembly planning scheme is presented based on the adoption of immersive virtual reality. A product is assembled from CAD models by providing a CAD interface to transfer assembly constraint information from the CAD system to a virtual environment. In the virtual environment an efficient dynamic recognition and management method based on surface geometry is employed, and a process-oriented assembly task model is established to support interactive assembly planning and evaluation. The system is implemented using an object oriented methodology, and has been successfully applied to train and guide the assembly workers in a pump assembly process.     

RDCAPP: A real-time dynamic CAPP system for an FMS

Computer-aided process planning (CAPP) systems need to consider the uncertain nature of the shop-floor prior to the identification of job routes and processing sequences. This paper describes the design and development of a prototype, real-time dynamic CAPP (RDCAPP) system for a multimachining-centre flexible manufacturing system (FMS). Concepts relevant to this research include CAPP, profile input using group technology (GT), artificial-intelligence-based expert systems, and FMSs.RDCAPP considers facility characteristics, machine capacity and the current shop-floor conditions prior to developing a process plan Input to the system is through a GT code and additional auxiliary interactive inputs. RDCAPP uses uncertainty management techniques to keep track of and adapt to changes in shop-floor status. The paper discusses the architecture of RDCAPP in detail. The system was tested rigorously and its outputs validated. Ideas for future research are presented.     

KNOWLEDGE AND XML BASED CAPP SYSTEM

In order to enhance the intelligent level of system and improve the interactivity with other systems, a knowledge and XML based computer aided process planning (CAPP) system is implemented. It includes user management, bill of materials(BOM) management, knowledge based process planning, knowledge management and database maintaining sub-systems. This kind of nesting knowledge representation method the system provided can represent complicated arithmetic and logical relationship to deal with process planning tasks. With the representation and manipulation of XML based technological file, the system solves some important problems in web environment such as information interactive efficiency and refreshing of web page. The CAPP system is written in ASP VBScript, JavaScript, Visual C++ languages and Oracle database. At present, the CAPP system is running in Shenyang Machine Tools. The functions of it meet the requirements of enterprise production.     

基于多代理的智能CAPP系统体系结构研究

为了提高CAPP系统的柔性、可扩展性、可重用性和动态适应性,基于并行工程理念,采用多代理技术,提出了一种智能CAPP系统体系结构,研究了智能CAPP系统的工作机理,并对智能CAPP系统中各Agent的结构、功能以及相互之间的通讯机制进行了研究。     

Object-oriented and fuzzy-set-based approach for set-up planning

Set-up planning is not only a key element of computer-aided process planning (CAPP), but also a key factor for the integration of CAPP with computer-aided fixture planning (CAFP) and production planning and scheduling (PPS). In this work, an object-oriented and fuzzy-set-based approach is developed for set-up planning. Object-oriented technology is employed to represent set-up planning knowledge and generate alternative set-ups which can respond to the dynamic manufacturing resource and facilitate the CAPP/PPS integration. Based on fuzzy-set theory, a fuzzy evaluation function is proposed to produce optimal set-ups. Combined with a real project, a set-up planning system is developed to generate alternative and optimal set-up plans for the machining of prismatic parts.     

基于Web的智能CAPP系统的研究

从CAPP系统结构研究出发，利用特征技术，建立便于知识处理和规则学习的模糊神经网络工艺知识表达与生成模型，实现了CAPP系统结构的可迭加性和方法与数据的分离。应用特征技术表示产品的几何信息和工艺信息，实现了零件特征级工艺知识和工艺规程的组合与重用。在此基础上，采用异地分布式结构，便于网络模式下CAPP功能的实现，使CAPP能满足网络环境下快捷有效的信息传输和资源利用，是基于Web的CAPP系统有利于智能化与通用化实现的结构模式。给出了应用实例。     

CIMS环境中的集成化工艺过程设计

介绍一个ＣＩＭＳ或ＦＭＳ环境下的集成化ＣＡＰＰ系统－ＴＨＣＡＰＰ，该系统以非回转体零件为加工对象，利用ＩＧＥＳ实现与ＣＡＤ／ＣＡＰＰ／ＣＡＭ的信息集成。工艺路线生成核心是创成式专家系统，推理机的控制策略以启发式搜索的估价函数为主，可自动选择定位夹紧面。工艺知识库为独立的、可维护的形式，根据ＣＩＭＳ车间的实际环境可获得多种工艺方案。     

Product and manufacturing capability modelling in an integrated CAD/process planning environment

Computer-aided process planning (CAPP) is one of the key components in computer integrated manufacturing (CIM) environment. Fully automatic CAPP systems require information transfer between CAD/CAM systems to be mutual, dynamic, concurrent, automatic and efficient. The difficulty in achieving this is the management of the vast amount of heterogeneous data, knowledge and complicated inference processes encountered in developing automatic planning systems. The objective of the reported research is to develop a framework for modelling and managing engineering product and manufacturing capability information in an integrated feature-based CAD/knowledge-based process planning environment. The feature-based design system is developed with a commercial boundary representation (Brep) solid modeller with additional feature-modelling functions. The process planning system is developed using a knowledge-based system, which is fully integrated with the design system through an information mapping mechanism. Process planning decisions are made by searching for a match between the product requirements and the process capability of available manufacturing systems. This is achieved by invoking the rules coded in an inferencing mechanism (an inference engine). Both the underlying methodologies and the implementation aspects will be addressed in this paper.     

支持网络化制造的车间MES与CAPP集成研究

网络化制造已成为现代制造业的主要发展趋势,制造执行系统(MES)和计算机辅助工艺规划(CAPP)是企业实施网络化制造的重要技术。本文首先分析网络制造环境下MES与CAPP的新特征,然后研究网络制造环境下的MES和CAPP集成的必要性和实现集成的关键技术,最后给出基于W eb系统集成的数据库设计。     

基于多智能体的视觉反馈冗余度机器人实时运动规划

视觉反馈冗余度机器人的实时运动规划是非常复杂的。本文将基于黑板的多智能体技术用于实时运动规划，把复杂的任务分解为若干相对独立的子任务(智能体)，各智能体之间完全动态的相互协作和竞争。文中还针对视觉反馈冗余度机器人系统探讨了智能体类型和黑板的组织结构。     

基于知识的智能装配规划系统

为了保证装配工艺的合理性和实用性,提出了基于知识的智能装配规划方法。该方法利用联接件装配工艺的特点和知识,进行装配序列规划,建立了基于联接件知识的装配实例库,生成装配序列的途径有典型实例的匹配、标准实例的匹配和运用有向联接件知识的装配序列规划。为了使产品的装配周期最短,并提高装配系统的柔性和可靠性,提出了基于多代理的装配任务规划方法,该方法综合考虑了装配操作时间和装配工具变换时间等因素。     

计算机辅助工艺设计任务分派与管理

提出工艺设计任务的指派和抢选分派方式,基于任务分派方式定义工艺设计任务和子任务,建立工艺设计任务模型,介绍计算机辅助工艺任务分派与管理方法。提出的理论与方法在Web CAPP系统中得到实现。     

基于事物特性表的工艺变型设计系统研究

为提高计算机辅助工艺设计(CAPP)系统的工艺适应性,增强产品工艺变型设计的能力,提出了一种基于事物特性表(SML)的CAPP系统设计方法.根据事物特性表原理及主文档技术,介绍了一种面向工艺重用的CAPP系统构建方法及相关使能技术,并采用本体技术,构建了CAPP领域信息层次结构模型.据此设计了一种PDM框架下,面向工艺变型设计的系统体系结构,以满足用户工艺定制的市场需求.最后给出了面向工业汽轮机转子加工工艺变型设科的系统开发实例.     

Expert system based placement sequence identification for surface mount PCB assembly

Component placement is a critical and time consuming task in the assembly of surface mount printed circuit boards (PCBs). The past decade has witnessed the need for high speed, accurate, and repeatable placement procedures in the PCB assembly domain. At the same time, manufacturing engineers are faced with demands to reduce flow-time and increase throughput rates in order to increase productivity. A consequence of these trends has been the need to identify acceptable (possibly optimal) placement sequences during surface mount PCB assembly.The focus of this research was the identification of near optimal solutions for the placement sequence identification problem while considering machine and process constraints in a manufacturing environment. Expert (or knowledge-based) systems were used as the solution method for this problem. PROLOG, a popular language for artificial intelligence applications, was used in this research. The prototype knowledge-based system developed in this research identifies solutions in (almost) real-time.     

基于CAPPFramework的飞机装配CAPP系统开发

实用化、工程化是 CAPP的发展趋势之一。本文对某飞机公司波音 73770 0垂尾转包生产的装配工艺进行全面分析 ,建立了面向飞机转包生产的装配工艺信息模型 ,并基于 CAPPFramework开发了飞机装配工艺 CAPP应用系统。     

基于约束传播与智能回溯的加工过程决策策略

为了满足单件小批定货生产方式下的交货期满足问题 ,本文着重研究 CAPP/PPS集成并行模式下加工过程决策的调度方法 ,该方法采用基于动态分布的并行协同设计模式 ,把交货期和资源负荷作为工艺设计过程的约束 ,通过基于约束传播和智能回溯算法的约束推理 ,成功地建立了满足交货期和资源负荷的实用性工艺方案。     

CAPP面向对象知识库管理系统的设计与实现

知识库是 CAPP系统的核心。本文采用面向对象方法对工艺知识进行表示与组织 ,在此基础上设计开发了 CAPP面向对象知识库管理系统 (OO- CAPP-KBMS) ,并对面向对象知识库管理系统的体系结构、设计与实现方法及所采用的一些关键技术作以介绍