Why materials science and engineering is good for metallurgy

Metallurgy/materials education will continue to evolve to encompass, in an intellectually unified way, the full range of structural and functional materials. Computation, information, and other advanced sciences and technologies will assume increasing roles in materials education, as will distance and continuing education. The advantages of the changes will be many ... to the graduates, to emerging industries, and to the traditional metallurgical industries seeking productive, creative young engineers as employees. The need for continuing change in our metallurgy/materials departments is now no less if we are to attract the best young people into our field in the numbers and to best serve the needs of industry. Merton C. Flemings received his S.B. degree from MIT in the Department of Metallurgy in 1951. He received his S.M. and Sc.D. degrees, also in Metallurgy, in 1952 and 1954, respectively. From 1954 to 1956, he was employed as Metallurgist at Abex Corporation (Mahwah, NJ), and in 1956 returned to MIT as Assistant Professor. He was appointed Associate Professor in 1961 and Professor in 1969. In 1970, he was appointed Abex Professor of Metallurgy. In 1975, he became Ford Professor of Engineering, and, in 1981, Toyota Professor of Materials Processing. He established and was the first director of the Materials Processing Center at MIT in 1979. He served as Head, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, from 1982 to 1995 and thereafter returned to full-time teaching and research as Toyota Professor. He was Visiting Professor at Cambridge University in 1971, Tokyo University in 1986, and Ecole des Mines in 1996. In 1999, he was appointed Co-Director of the Singapore-MIT Alliance, a major distance educational and research collaboration among MIT and two Singaporean universities. Professor Flemings’ research and teaching concentrate on engineering fundamentals of materials processing and on innovation of materials processing operations. He is active nationally and internationally in strengthening the field of Materials Science and Engineering and in delineation of new directions for the field. He is a member of the National Academy of Engineering and of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He is author or co-author of 300 papers, 26 patents, and 2 books in the fields of solidification science and engineering, foundry technology, and materials processing. He has worked closely with industry and industrial problems throughout his professional career and currently serves on a number of corporate and technical advisory boards. He received the Simpson Gold Medal from the American Foundrymen’s Society in 1961, the Mathewson Gold Medal of TMS in 1969, and the Henry Marion Howe Medal of ASM International in 1973 and became a Fellow, ASM International, in 1976. In 1977, he was awarded the Henri Sainte-Claire Deville Medal by the Societe Francaise de Metallurgie. In October 1978, he received the Albert Sauveur Achievement Award from ASM INTERNATIONAL. In 1980, he received the John Chipman Award from AIME. In 1984, he was elected an honorary member of the Japan Foundrymen’s Society and, in 1985, received the James Douglas Gold Medal from the AIME. The Italian Metallurgical Association awarded him the Luigi Losana Gold Medal in 1986, and he was elected honorary member of The Japan Iron and Steel Institute in 1987. He was elected a TMS Fellow in 1989. In 1990, he received the TMS Leadership Award, and the Henry Marion Howe Medal and delivered the Edward DeMille Campbell Memorial Lecture of ASM INTERNATIONAL. In 1991, he received the Merton C. Flemings Award from Worcester Polytechnic Institute. Sigma Alpha Mu elected him a Distinguished Life Member in 1992. In 1993, he received the TMS 1993 Bruce Chalmers Award and was elected Councillor of the Materials Research Society. He was elected to the ASM INTERNATIONAL Board of Trustees in 1994. He received the Acta Metallurgica J. Herbert Holloman Award in 1997 for “contributions to materials technology that have had major impact on society.” Also in 1997 he was appointed David Turnbull Lecturer of the Materials Research Society for “outstanding contributions to understanding materials phenomena and properties.” He received the Educator Award of TMS in 1999, received the FMS (Federation of Materials Societies) National Materials Advancement Award in late 1999, and delivered the ASM and TMS Distinguished Lecture in Materials and Society in 2000.     

The role of chemical metallurgy in the emerging field of materials science and engineering

Materials science and engineering has been emerging as a unique academic discipline during the last decade and a half. The role of chemical metallurgy in this emerging field is not well defined, yet it has played an important historical role in the intellectual development of the discipline of metallurgical engineering in terms of teaching, research, and technological appli-cations. In this lecture, I have attempted to define the role of chemical metallurgy in this emerg-ing field and, moreover, to propose using the broader term “chemical processing of material” instead of chemical metallurgy. The role is to educate materials scientists and engineers at the baccalaureate degree level as well as the graduate degree level. I believe that if materials sci-entists and engineers have a good grasp of the principles of chemical processing of materials, they will be in an excellent position to tackle many of the challenging and important problems facing us in the materials field. I have also given in this lecture three diverse examples of materials problems that have been studied using the basic principles of chemical processing of materials. These examples are used to demonstrate that the tools of chemical metallurgy can be used effectively to study many contemporary materials science and engineering problems.     

Why is multiculturalism good?

This article explores the moral sources that give multiculturalism the potency to move psychology to reassess itself. The power of the multicultural perspective appears to derive from its ability to show how psychology's tendency toward monocultural universalism has undermined its aims as a science of human behavior and promoter of human welfare. The multicultural critique also draws on Euro-American moral traditions and ideals, such as individual rights, authenticity, respect, and tolerance. In spite of the importance of these ideals, multiculturalists often criticize Euro-American culture without acknowledging their debt to it. Moreover, these particularist moral sources undercut multiculturalism's universalist appeal. There is a paradoxical tendency among some advocates of multiculturalism to encourage cultural separatism and an inarticulateness in dealing with intercultural value conflict. We present some recommendations for dealing with these dilemmas from philosophical hermeneutics, including the contextualization of multiculturalism, an approach to sifting and evaluating cultural values, and an ontological account of the dialogical nature of humans. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

冶金和材料工程领域的工程硕士学位教育

培养工程硕士是国家面向生产第一线培养高层次人才采取的重大举措，也是高等工科院校研究生培养工作中的一项重要任务。本文结合我校工程硕士研究生的培养工作，从培养目标、课程设置、论文选题和评审以及双导师制的实施等方面谈了一些心得和体会，旨在提高工程硕士研究生的质量．不断规范和完善工程硕士的培养过程。     

Why nurse prescribing is good for you...

New drug lodoxamine (alomide) opens new vistas in the treatment of allergic diseases of the eyes highly prevalent both in adults and children. This drug prevents release of mast cell mediators and delays eosinophil migration to conjunctival and corneal tissue, thus exerting a spectrum of antiallergic effects. Clinical studies carried out in 170 patients demonstrated a high efficacy of alomide in the treatment of subacute and chronic pollenosis conjunctivitis, spring keratoconjunctivitis, multiple and toxic allergic keratitis, and other allergic conjunctivities. Alomide can be used as a preventive drug in patients with allergies under high-risk conditions and in patients wearing contact lenses. It is effective in combined therapy of keratitis and keratouveitis. Alomide eye drops are well tolerated.     

The greening of materials science and engineering

The field of materials science and engineering is advancing at a revolutionary pace. It is now generally recognized as being among the key emerging technological fields propelling our world societies into the twenty-first century. The driving forces for this revolutionary pace are at once social, economic, political, and technological. For example, relatively recent changes in United States federal policies in environmental control, hazardous waste management, and energy conservation along with heightened international trade competition have resulted in major changes in material processing and use patterns. These changing patterns are creating new requirements for material developments, substitutions, and associated processes. This paper traces the emergence of materials policy and technological developments through four sub-periods of history: the birth and development of engineering in the United States (1825–1900), the evolution of a national research infrastructure (1900–1945), the evolution of a national science policy (1945–1973), and the intensification of global interdependency (1973-present). Future trends in materials developments and future policy requirements are outlined.     

The greening of materials science and engineering

The field of materials science and engineering is advancing at a revolutionary pace. It is now generally recognized as being among the key emerging technological fields propelling our world societies into the twenty-first century. The driving forces for this revolutionary pace are at once social, economic, political, and technological. For example, relatively recent changes in United States federal policies in environmental control, hazardous waste management, and energy conservation along with heightened international trade competition have resulted in major changes in material processing and use patterns. These changing patterns are creating new requirements for material developments, substitutions, and associated processes. This paper traces the emergence of materials policy and technological developments through four sub-periods of history: the birth and development of engineering in the United States (1825–1900), the evolution of a national research infrastructure (1900–1945), the evolution of a national science policy (1945–1973), and the intensification of global interdependency (1973-present). Future trends in materials developments and future policy requirements are outlined.     

The greening of materials science and engineering

The field of materials science and engineering is advancing at a revolutionary pace. It is now generally recognized as being among the key emerging technological fields propelling our world societies into the twenty-first century. The driving forces for this revolutionary pace are at once social, economic, political, and technological. For example, relatively recent changes in United States federal policies in environmental control, hazardous waste management, and energy conservation along with heightened international trade competition have resulted in major changes in material processing and use patterns. These changing patterns are creating new requirements for material developments, substitutions, and associated processes. This paper traces the emergence of materials policy and technological developments through four sub-periods of history: the birth and development of engineering in the United States (1825–1900), the evolution of a national research infrastructure (1900–1945), the evolution of a national science policy (1945–1973), and the intensification of global interdependency (1973-present). Future trends in materials developments and future policy requirements are outlined. Technical Resources, of TRW, Inc., began his professional career in 1954 as a research metallurgist and reactor project engineer with General Electric Co. at the Hanford Atomic Products Operation in Richland, WA. In 1965 he joined Battelle Memorial Institute as a manager of the metallurgy research department and three years later became manager of the fuels and materials department. In 1970 Dr. Bement joined the faculty of Massachusetts Institute of Technology as professor of nuclear materials. From 1974 to 1976 he served as a member of the U.S.-U.S.S.R. Bilateral Exchange Program in Magnetohydrodynamics and was the organizer and principal investigator of the M.I.T. Fusion Technology Program. In 1976 Dr. Bement became Director of the Materials Sciences Office of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency and in 1979 was appointed Deputy Under-Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering. Dr. Bement has co-authored one book, edited three books, and authored over 90 articles on materials science, energy, and defense technology. He is a Fellow of the American Nuclear Society, the American Society for Metals, and the American Institute of Chemists. In addition, he is a member of the American Institute for Mining, Metallurgical and Petroleum Engineers, and the American Society for Testing and Materials. He has received outstanding achievement awards from the Colorado Engineering Council in 1954, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency in 1977, and the Colorado School of Mines in 1984. In 1980 he was awarded the Distinguished Civilian Service Medal by the Secretary of Defense. He is a member of the National Academy of Engineering. Dr. Bement is chairman of the National Materials Advisory Board and a member of the Board of Army Science and Technology, the Board on Engineering Sciences, the Board on Assessment of National Bureau of Standards Programs, and the Board on Science and Technology for International Development of the National Research Council. Dr. Bement received an Engineer of Metallurgy (E. Met.) degree in 1954 from the Colorado School of Mines. He received an M.S. in Metallurgical Engineering from the University of Idaho in 1959, and a Ph.D. from the University of Michigan in 1963. He is a Lt. Colonel (ret.) in the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Dr. Bement and his family reside in Mayfield Village, OH.     

Information science for powder metallurgy

The latest developments at the institute are described in the area of information support to powder metallurgy and new ceramics: a version of the well-known Dofin documentary factographic IRS suitable for personal computers, data banks for use with them, and a relational data bank. These systems are commercial products and can be ordered from the institute on mutually advantageous terms.     

Why chance is a good theory.

Comments on the J. Krueger (see record 2001-16601-002) discussion on null hypothesis significance testing (NHST). The current author states that Krueger carelessly included a dubious claim that weakened at least some of his contentions: that the widespread use of NHST represents a ubiquitous ignorance of its logical pitfalls. Contrary to Krueger's claims, the current author believes that within a larger causal framework, the null hypothesis remains the best theory available. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

国外冶金和材料标准样品的现状与发展

标准样品对于科学技术发展和经济建设起着重要的作用。本文对于国外冶金和材料标准样品的起源、发展、现状进行了描述,分析了国外近百家研制单位提供的主要产品类型,从样品的状态、属性及等级等不同角度进行了分类分析,进而阐述了冶金和材料标准样品的应用范围及在选择和使用上的五大基本原则,展望了冶金和材料标准样品研制工作的主要方向,尤其是气体元素类标准样品及新材料、新领域的标准样品的研制。     

Secondary metals as raw materials for powder metallurgy

The possibility of using new technology based on the disintegrator milling method for utilizing metal chips of cast iron, high-alloy steels, nonferrous alloys (Al−Cu, Zn−Al, Cu−Zn), and used parts of hard metals based on tungsten carbide was investigated. The powders produced were used for corrosion- and wearresistant coatings having properties similar to those of traditional powders. Tallinn Technical University, Republic of Estonia. Published in Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya, Nos. 1–2(405), pp. 1–6, January–February, 1999.     

A computerised kinetic database system for metallurgy and materials processing

An integrated and computerised kinetic database system, intellectualised database management system on kinetics of metallurgy (IDMSKM) is described in this report. IDMSKM has been designed using MS Windows and a Visual C⁺⁺ and Foxpro hybrid coding technique. It consists of two packages. The ThermoPhysData package has been established for physical property data retrieval and prediction, and presented in a previous publication in steel research. The emphasis in the present paper is placed on the KineticApp package. KineticApp involves G/S, S/S' and G/L' modules for the kinetic prediction, evaluation and analysis of gas/solid, solid/solid and gas/liquid reactions respectively. The key consideration in the module design is to establish the links of the kinetic model and parameters of a reaction system with the system characterisation. Assessed kinetic parameters stored in the database files in KineticApp include the activation energies for some reduction and decomposition reactions, as well as the diffusion in solid oxide systems. Those data are necessary while dealing with the reaction kinetic prediction problems. Several examples regarding the reduction of wustite pellet, the decomposition of CaCO₃ and the synthesis of SrTiO₃ are illustrated to show the features and functions of G/S and S/S modules.     

Powder metallurgy materials in hot forming

Abstract

The purpose of the present paper is to determine the apparent yield stress of powder metallurgy (PM) materials at high temperatures. A brief introduction concerning the theory of yielding of PM materials is included. The models of loading functions for porous materials are recalled. The experiments have been undertaken by the author to identify the parameters of PM materials in hot forming. Two materials are considered: pure iron and aluminium powders.     

Application of boron-containing materials in metallurgy

The main physicochemical characteristics of complex boron-containing ferroalloys are studied. The methods of their production are briefly described, and the advantages of their application to boron microalloying of steel are demonstrated.     

Why good people do bad things

The very context of organizational decision making tests autonomous moral agency for managers, and the moral price they pay may be great. Misunderstandings, miscommunication, fear and isolation all play a role in why good people do bad things. Self-knowledge, good communication, alternative support systems and management by walking around (MBWA) all help good people (who happen to be managers) avoid doing bad things.