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《中国计量》2004,(5):22-23
中国实验室国家认可委员会( C N AL) 实验室认可公开文件 一、 CNAL规则文件1 CNAL/AR01 认可程序规则 . 2 CNAL/AR02 专门委员会管理规则 . 3 CNAL/AR03 公正性与保密规则 . 4 CNAL/AR04 认可标志与认可证书管理规则 . 5 CNAL/AR05 申诉、投诉与争议处理规则 . 6 CNAL/AR06 评审员与技术专家管理规则 . 7 CNAL/AR07 能力验证规则 . 8 CNAL/AR08 认可收费管理规则 . 9 CNAL/AR09 港澳台及国外机构受理政策 . 10 CNAL/AR10 量值溯源政策 . 11 CNAL/AR11 测量不确定度政策 . 12 CNAL/AR12 评审和… 相似文献
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五行学说认为宇宙万物,都由金、木、水、火、土五种基本物质的运行(运动)和变化所构成。它强调整体概念,描绘了事物的结构关系和运动形式。创意设计围绕金、木、水、火、土去发挥设计师无限的想象力,比如,竹制家具业、藤制品是属于木性事业,照明设备业是属于火性事业,打铁店是属于金性事业。设计师们根据五行所属的元素及其特点,设计和表达出具有现代气质、时尚艺术的产品。 相似文献
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目的为了解决印刷企业中普遍存在的图像数量巨大、管理混乱以及利用率不高等问题,研究印刷图像的编目技术。方法首先分析DC元数据标准应用到印刷图像编目存在的优势与缺点,针对存在的问题,构建印刷图像的描述模型。在原DC元数据标准的基础上,根据印刷图像的特点增加印刷图像特有元数据项,修改原DC元数据内容描述项,引入语义层次模型对图像内容进行描述。对印刷图像的编目流程进行设计,并通过VS2012进行实现。结果以DC元数据标准为基础的图像编目框架,能够较为快速、准确地实现对图像的编目与检索。结论该描述模型与编目流程能够将图像与企业管理信息进行紧密关联,对图像内容的描述与表达更加全面,基本实现了对图像的规范化管理。 相似文献
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DICOM3.0是医学图像及其相关的地址的通讯标准。HL7是医疗领域不同应用之间电子数据传输的协议。HL7与DICOM从不同层次定义THIS标准。 相似文献
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ITU和ISO为代表的国际标准化组织奠定了确定图像交换国际标准的基础。ITU的H.x系列标准和ISO的JPEG、MPEG-x是得到广泛认可的图像交换标准。 相似文献
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目的 研究国内外城市国际形象设计与传播经验及案例,结合我国城市形象设计与传播实践,为我国城市国际形象设计与传播提供科学、系统的方案.方法 在分析我国城市国际形象设计与传播的现状和主要问题基础上,通过对城市形象国际传播经验的归纳,结合CIS理论,总结城市形象国际传播的设计理念、设计方法.结论 我国城市国际形象设计与传播需要从顶层设计、视觉形象、传播渠道三个层面进行优化,建立国际传播语境中的城市形象识别系统.在顶层设计层面,通过城市理念识别,形成城市品牌的核心精神、理念,城市意象作为城市理念识别的载体.在视觉形象层面,设计完整的城市视觉识别体系、国际化视觉元素.在传播渠道层面,通过国际事件营销以及多元国际传播渠道向公众传递城市的核心理念及积极的国际形象. 相似文献
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Najib Ahmed Mohammed Ali Mohammed Mansoor Rodina Binti Ahmad Saaidal Razalli Bin Azzuhri 《计算机、材料和连续体(英文)》2022,71(1):573-592
Mission critical Machine-type Communication (mcMTC), also referred to as Ultra-reliable Low Latency Communication (URLLC), has become a research hotspot. It is primarily characterized by communication that provides ultra-high reliability and very low latency to concurrently transmit short commands to a massive number of connected devices. While the reduction in physical (PHY) layer overhead and improvement in channel coding techniques are pivotal in reducing latency and improving reliability, the current wireless standards dedicated to support mcMTC rely heavily on adopting the bottom layers of general-purpose wireless standards and customizing only the upper layers. The mcMTC has a significant technical impact on the design of all layers of the communication protocol stack. In this paper, an innovative bottom-up approach has been proposed for mcMTC applications through PHY layer targeted at improving the transmission reliability by implementing ultra-reliable channel coding scheme in the PHY layer of IEEE 802.11a standard bearing in mind short packet transmission system. To achieve this aim, we analyzed and compared the channel coding performance of convolutional codes (CCs), low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes, and polar codes in wireless network on the condition of short data packet transmission. The Viterbi decoding algorithm (VA), logarithmic belief propagation (Log-BP) algorithm, and cyclic redundancy check (CRC) successive cancellation list (SCL) (CRC-SCL) decoding algorithm were adopted to CC, LDPC codes, and polar codes, respectively. Consequently, a new PHY layer for mcMTC has been proposed. The reliability of the proposed approach has been validated by simulation in terms of Bit error rate (BER) and packet error rate (PER) vs. signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The simulation results demonstrate that the reliability of IEEE 802.11a standard has been significantly improved to be at PER = 10−5 or even better with the implementation of polar codes. The results also show that the general-purpose wireless networks are prominent in providing short packet mcMTC with the modification needed. 相似文献
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目的 针对互联网时代全新的消费机制,探明虚拟偶像这一新的消费符号在品牌设计中的原理、功能和发展趋势.方法 使用符号学与图像学方法,从品牌设计、大众文化、日常审美和跨文化传播4个维度入手,通过对比真人偶像、动漫拟人形象和虚拟偶像的不同品牌设计原理,总结出基于虚拟偶像符号的品牌设计与传播策略.结论 在互联网时代,虚拟偶像不仅契合了数字符号消费潮流,建立了全新的品牌机制,创造出品质稳定、个性多元、视觉效果高度风格化的品牌形象,也促进了企业品牌思维的革新. 相似文献
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目的 品牌在面对突如其来的危机时应怎样传播品牌形象?视觉形象的关注是品牌舆论形成的起点,图像和视频,作为品牌价值和品牌形象传播的工具和媒介,应传达其对消费者的关注和尊重。方法 基于钉钉、腾讯、欧莱雅、纯甄等品牌案例的分析,提炼品牌形象的视觉构成,借助弱传播的假说理论,解读品牌危机处理中吉祥物和人物符号传递出的“示弱”、“卖弱”、“同弱”、“敬弱”等价值取向,探究品牌传播过程中视觉形象的修辞功能和传播机制,分析视觉形象在品牌舆论危机传播中的重要性。结论 作为工具和媒介的视觉形象,它勾连着品牌和消费者的情感,无论是强势品牌、新兴品牌、利基品牌亦或墓地品牌,面对消费者,唯有以“弱者”的姿态,才能化解品牌危机,重塑品牌形象。 相似文献
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Chaonan Wang Liudong Xing Amir Ehsani Zonouz Vinod M. Vokkarane Yan Sun 《Quality and Reliability Engineering International》2017,33(4):823-837
Communication reliability of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is essential to ensure the correct and reliable operation of the network. Two distinct communication paradigms exist in WSNs: infrastructure communication and application communication, and a practical communication task typically involves both types of communications. To the best of our knowledge, no reliability studies on WSNs have been dedicated to combining the two communication paradigms. In this paper, we advance the state‐of‐the‐art by proposing a phased‐mission framework to analyze the communication reliability of WSNs considering both infrastructure communication and application communication, as well as K‐coverage requirements. WSNs containing two types of sensor nodes (energy harvesting sensor nodes and battery‐powered sensor nodes) are modeled. Corresponding to the two types of sensor nodes, two different link reliability models are first presented. Binary decision diagram (BDD) based algorithms are then developed for the phased‐mission communication reliability analysis of WSNs. Case studies are given to illustrate the application of the proposed algorithms. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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H. Gharavi S. M. Alamouti 《Journal of research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology》2001,106(2):455-469
This paper presents a twin-class unequal protected video transmission system over wireless channels. Video partitioning based on a separation of the Variable Length Coded (VLC) Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) coefficients within each block is considered for constant bitrate transmission (CBR). In the splitting process the fraction of bits assigned to each of the two partitions is adjusted according to the requirements of the unequal error protection scheme employed. Subsequently, partitioning is applied to the ITU-T H.263 coding standard. As a transport vehicle, we have considered one of the leading third generation cellular radio standards known as WCDMA. A dual-priority transmission system is then invoked on the WCDMA system where the video data, after being broken into two streams, is unequally protected. We use a very simple error correction coding scheme for illustration and then propose more sophisticated forms of unequal protection of the digitized video signals. We show that this strategy results in a significantly higher quality of the reconstructed video data when it is transmitted over time-varying multipath fading channels. 相似文献