（JS）-1-乙基-2-氨甲基吡咯烷的合成

以L-脯氨酸为原料,经N,O-双乙基化、氨解、NaBH4—I2还原3步反应合成（S）-1乙基-2-氨甲基吡咯烷。与常规合成方法相比,该方法操作简单且安全性好,所用试剂价廉易得,易于工业化生产。     

1-甲基-2-(β-羟乙基)吡咯烷的合成新工艺

报道了1-甲基-2-(β-羟乙基)吡咯烷的合成方法,详细研究了适合我国工业化生产工艺的原料配比,溶剂用量,反应温度和时间.     

3-(S)-(-)-(1-氨甲酰基-1,1-二苯基甲基)吡咯烷的制备

3-(S)-(-)-1-氨甲酰基-1,1-二苯基甲基)吡咯烷是合成抗尿失禁药物达非那新的重要中间体。它由3-(S)-( )-3-羟基吡咯烷盐酸盐经磺酰化和烷基化反应得到3-(S)-( )-(1-氰基-1,1-二苯基甲基)-1-甲苯磺酰基吡咯烷,再经过去磺酰化和水解4步反应制得,总产率为5.1%。     

2-（2-氨乙基）甲基吡咯烷及其制备方法

本发明涉及2-(2-氨乙基)甲基吡咯烷及其制备方法，制备方法包括：采用N-甲基2氰。亚甲基吡咯烷或2-胺乙基四氢呋喃或N-甲基-2-羟乙基吡咯烷或N-甲基-3-氰基哌啶或N-甲基吡咯丙烯酰胺为其始原料制备2-(2-氨乙基)甲基吡咯烷的生产方法。本发明的结构稳定、制备工艺清洁、合成方法简洁，可作为抗精神病、戒毒、抗病毒等药物制备的中间体，有较为广阔的发展前景和出口创汇潜力。     

由3-氟-4硝基甲苯两步合成1,2,6-三取代苯并咪唑

以3-氟-4-硝基甲苯为初始原料,先借助微波合成N-取代-2-硝基-4-甲基苯胺,其与不同的醛反应合成了1,2,6-三取代苯并咪唑。从反应温度、投料比两方面对第一步的取代反应进行了反应条件优化,确定了最佳反应条件:反应温度为83℃,投料比为n(3-氟-4-硝基甲苯)∶n(苯乙胺)∶n(K_2CO_3)=1.0∶1.5∶1.8,此时5-甲基-2-硝基-N-苯乙基苯胺(Ⅱa)产率为99.2%,5-甲基-2-硝基-N-(3-苯基丙基)苯胺(Ⅱb)产率为98.9%。从催化剂的用量、反应温度两方面对第二步反应进行了反应条件优化,确定了最佳反应条件:乙醇为溶剂、5-甲基-2-硝基-N-苯乙基苯胺(2 mmol)、醛(2 mmol)、1 mol/L的Na_2S_2O_4水溶液18 m L,反应时间40~120 min,此时2-(4-氯苯基)-6-甲基-1-苯乙基-苯并咪唑(Ⅲb)收率为91.3%。与文献中报道的反应时间12 h相比,反应时间大大缩短。在该条件下合成10种1,2,6-三取代苯并咪唑,9种为新化合物,产物结构经IR、~1HNMR和~(13)CNMR进行了确证。     

环(亮氨酰-N-甲基亮氨酰-亮氨酰-N-甲基亮氨酰-亮氨酰)的合成

以亮氨酸为起始原料,改变环合位点,对具有抗肿瘤活性的环五肽化合物环(亮氨酰-N-甲基亮氨酰-亮氨酰-N-甲基亮氨酰-亮氨酰)进行全合成,该路线反应条件温和,环合收率为53.7%。通过1HNMR1、3CNMR、MS对其结构进行了表征。     

N-乙基-2-氨甲基吡咯烷的合成

以四氢糠醇为原料 ,合成了抗精神病药舒必利的重要中间体N 乙基 2 氨甲基吡咯烷。本工艺共有六步。首先 ,四氢糠醇用氯化亚砜氯化制成四氢糠氯 ,再经加压氨化制成四氢糠氨 ,压力 0 .7MPa～ 1.0MPa;然后用苯甲酰氯保护氨基 ,用氯化亚砜开环 ,与乙胺 ( 70 % )环合 ;最后经盐酸 ( 3 0 % )水解。总收率 3 7%。     

环(N-甲基亮氨酰-亮氨酰- N-甲基亮氨酰-亮氨酰-亮氨酰)的合成

以亮氨酸为起始原料,改变环合位点,对具有抗肿瘤活性的环五肽化合物环（亮氨酰-N-甲基亮氨酰-亮氨酰-N-甲基亮氨酰-亮氨酰）进行全合成,该路线反应条件温和,环合收率为53.7%。通过1HNMR,13CNMR,MS对其结构进行了表征。     

[2-(N-乙基苯胺)-乙基]吡啶盐酸盐的合成

N-(β-羟乙基)-N-乙基苯胺经氯化合成中间体N-(β-氯乙基)-N-乙基苯胺,然后与吡啶亲核缩合成盐生成产品。优化并得到了两步反应的较佳工艺条件。具有操作条件简单、易控制、产品的后处理方便、收率较高等特点。     

2-氯甲基-3-甲基-4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-吡啶的合成研究

以2,3-二甲基吡啶为原料,经过氧化、硝化、取代、酰化以及氯化反应,合成目标产物2-氯甲基-3-甲基-4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-吡啶,5步总收率为35.6%。对中间体2,3-二甲基-4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-吡啶-N-氧化物的合成条件进行了优化选择,其较佳的合成条件:甲基异丁基甲酮作为溶剂,四丁基溴化铵为相转移催化剂,n(三氟乙醇)∶n(K2CO3)∶n(2,3-二甲基-4-硝基吡啶-N-氧化物)=4.5∶1.2∶1,反应时间12 h,反应温度95℃,所得中间体收率91.9%,所得中间体结构经1HNMR表征,确定为2,3-二甲基-4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-吡啶-N-氧化物。     

Victrex® poly(ethersulfone) (PES) and Victrex® poly(etheretherketone) (PEEK)

Properties of two high performance engineering thermoplastics, amorphous polyethersulfone (PES) and semicrystalline polyetheretherketone (PEEK), are discussed. Both resins can be processed by conventional techniques, compounded with high performance fibers, and have high service temperature (up to 300°C). Due to the amorphous character PES can be dissolved and spray coated into metals.     

Photopyroelectric Spectroscopic Studies of ZnO-MnO(2)-Co(3)O(4)-V(2)O(5) Ceramics

Photopyroelectric (PPE) spectroscopy is a nondestructive tool that is used to study the optical properties of the ceramics (ZnO + 0.4MnO(2) + 0.4Co(3)O(4) + xV(2)O(5)), x = 0-1 mol%. Wavelength of incident light, modulated at 10 Hz, was in the range of 300-800 nm. PPE spectrum with reference to the doping level and sintering temperature is discussed. Optical energy band-gap (E(g)) was 2.11 eV for 0.3 mol% V(2)O(5) at a sintering temperature of 1025 °C as determined from the plot (ρhυ)(2)versushυ. With a further increase in V(2)O(5), the value of E(g) was found to be 2.59 eV. Steepness factor 'σ(A)' and 'σ(B)', which characterize the slope of exponential optical absorption, is discussed with reference to the variation of E(g). XRD, SEM and EDAX are also used for characterization of the ceramic. For this ceramic, the maximum relative density and grain size was observed to be 91.8% and 9.5 μm, respectively.     

Calcium silicate hydrate (II) (“C-S-H(II)”)

This semicrystalline phase, originally named ‘calcium silicate hydrate(II)’ by Taylor (1950), has been studied with X-rays, electron optics, chemical investigation of silicate anion type, infrared spectra, and thermal methods. It is structurally related to jennite (C₉S₆H₁₁) and probably also to the fibrous CSH of cement pastes, the three phases forming a sequence of decreasing crystallinity. The specimen studied had approximate composition C₂SH_3.2 after standing over saturated CaCλ₂ at about 15°C. CSH(II) contains metasilicate chains and pyrosilicate groups and has a disordered layer structure. Much of the water can be lost reversibly without significant change in lattice parameters.     

(Ba1-αSrα)4.8(Sm0.7La0.3)8.8Ti18O54陶瓷的微波介电性能

采用固相合成法制备了(Ba(1-α)Srα)4.8(Sm0.7La0.3)8.8Ti18O54(α=0.1～0.5)系陶瓷,表征了该陶瓷的相组成和显微结构,测试了微波介电性能.结果表明:α=0.3时,(Ba(1-α)Srα)4.8(Sm0.7La0.3)8.8Ti18O54系陶瓷为单相的新钨青铜结构固溶体.α>0.3时,相继出现了第二相BaLa2Ti4O12和La0.66TiO2.993.随α的增加,(Ba(1-α)Srα)4.8(Sm0.7La0.3)8.8Ti18O54系陶瓷的相对介电常数(εr)先增大后有所波动,品质因数(Qf)先增大后减小,谐振频率温度系数(τf)单调减小.α=0.3时,在1 350℃烧结的陶瓷的微波介电性能最佳:εr=98.77,Qf=5184GHz,τf=10.9×10-6/℃,优于不掺杂的BaO-Sm2O3-TiO2陶瓷的.     

Poly(butadiene-acrylic acid(g)acrylonitrile(g)acrylic acid)

Summary In the present work we describe, the synthesis and characterization of a new gel obtained by crosslinking a cooligomer of butadiene-acrylic acid (BuAA), by reaction with acrylonitrile and acrylic acid. The purified product was characterized by FTIR, elemental analyses and scanning electronic microscopy. The thermal properties were studied and swelling indexes were determined in different solvents and at different pH values. The capacity of poly(butadiene-acrylic acid(g)acrylonitrile(g)acrylic acid) [gel A] to separate different organic substances, such as amino acids and colorants, was determined.     

Thermal studies of blends of poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS) with poly(phenylene sulfide sulfone) (PPSS) and with poly(phenylene sulfide ether) (PPSE)

The miscibilities of poly(phenylene) sulfide/poly(phenylene sulfide sulfone) (PPS/PPSS) and poly(phenylene) sulfide/poly(phenylene sulfide ether) (PPS/PPSE) blends were invesigated in terms of shifts of glass transition temperatures T_g of pure PPS, PPSS, a dn PPSE. The crystallization kinetics of PPS/PPSS blends was also studied as a function of molar composition. The PPS/PPSS and PPS/PPSE blends are respectively partially and fully miscible. PPSE shows a plasticizing effect on PPS as does PPS on PPSS, which necessarily improves te processibility in the respective systems. We can control T_g and melting temperature T_m of PPS by varying amounts of PPSE in blends. The melt crystallization temperature T_mc of PPS/PPSE blends was higher than that of the PPSE homopolymer. Therefore, these blends require shorter cycle times in processing than pure PPSE. The overall rate of crystallization for PPS/PPSS blends follows the Avrami equation with an exponent ?2. The maximal rate of crystallization for PPS/PPSS blends occurs at a temperatre higher by 10°C than that for PPS, while the crystallization half time t_1/2 is 4 times shorter. In the cold crystallization range, crystal growth rates increase and Avrami exponents decrease significantly as the temperature increases.     

Photooxidative stability of substituted poly(phenylene vinylene) (PPV) and poly(phenylene acetylene) (PPA)

The addition of side groups to improve the photooxidative stability of polymers used in polymer-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) is explored. Infrared spectroscopy and computational chemistry techniques are used to study the effects of chemical substitution of the reactive vinylene moiety in poly(phenylene vinylene) (PPV). The bond order of the vinylene group in small oligomers is calculated using semiempirical techniques to assess the improvement in stability toward oxidants such as singlet oxygen. We find that PPV dimers allow relative comparisons across a range of possible substitutions. Experimental results correlate well with these calculations. The addition of electron-withdrawing substituents, such as nitrile groups, to the vinylene moiety is found to be particularly effective in reducing the reactivity of alkoxy-substituted PPV toward singlet oxygen. The photooxidative stability of a poly(phenylene acetylene) (PPA) derivative is also studied. It appears that this family of polymers is more stable toward photooxidation than are its PPV analogs. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 69: 2451–2458, 1998     

Chemical cross-linking of conducting poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) using poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)

Hybrid films of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) were prepared with different molecular weights of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO). The cross-linking reaction between PEO and PEDOT:PSS was performed at high temperature and confirmed by using differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), contact angle measurement, and solid-state ¹H NMR. The effect of chemical reaction on the conductivity and morphology of these hybrid films was studied by using 4-point probe and atomic force microscope (AFM), respectively. As-spun PEO/PEDOT:PSS films have lower electric conductivity due to the addition of nonconductive PEO, and exhibits no molecular weight dependence on conductivity. After chemical cross-linking reaction at high temperature, only PEDOT:PSS films with lowest molecular weight PEO additives show enhanced conductivity with increasing reaction time. AFM result indicates that the heat-treated PEO/PEDOT:PSS hybrid films show grain-like morphology compared to ethylene glycol treated PEDOT:PSS films which shows continuous PEDOT domain. In the present work we demonstrate that the cross-linking reaction can be used to improve the wet stability of PEDOT:PSS nanofiber, showing good water resistance and excellent dimensional stability.