纳米银/环氧树脂复合物的电阻和击穿特性研究

用辐照法制备了纳米银/环氧树脂复合材料,对复合材料的微观结构进行了表征,并对其电阻和击穿场强特性进行了研究。在研究材料的击穿性能时引入了Weibull统计的方法,能得出材料内部的更多信息,这也是本文的创新点所在。研究结果表明,在合适的纳米银含量时,这种复合材料表现出高于其基体的电阻率和击穿场强。作者利用纳米金属粒子在绝缘体中的库伦阻塞效应对这些结果进行了解释。     

聚合物纳米复合材料的界面特性

我国高压直流输电技术的发展对电介质材料的绝缘性能提出了更高的要求,聚合物纳米电介质材料以其优异的性能而受到广泛的关注,其中的界面更成为研究热点。界面是纳米填料与聚合物基体之间的纳米级过渡区域,由于形成机理特殊,其具有不同于聚合物基体和纳米填料的独特性质。由于界面在复合材料中占有主导地位,其微观结构及性能将直接影响复合材料的宏观性能。该文综合国内外研究成果,介绍了界面的形成机理和结构模型,论述了界面区对聚合物聚集态结构的影响及陷阱理论,分析了界面在复合材料电学性能中的作用机理,最后探讨了利用静电力显微镜研究界面微区介电特性的技术方法。     

高能球磨法和溶胶-凝胶法制备的Zn铁氧体纳米颗粒的穆斯堡尔谱研究

用固相反应法制备了大块Zn铁氧体，用高能球磨和聚乙烯醇(PVA)溶胶-凝胶法制备出20nm的ZnFe2O4纳米微粉，用X射线衍射研究了Zn铁氧体纳米颗粒的结构．从4．2K到300K的变温穆斯堡尔谱发现，不同方法制备的纳米晶的磁有序转变温度(TN)不同，并且纳米晶的转变温度比块体材料的要高，这是Fe离子和Zn离子在A位，B位不同分布的结果．     

环氧树脂/无机纳米复合材料的研究进展

在26篇文献的基础上，综述了近年来环氧树脂／无机纳米复合材料的研究、制备方法、反应机理以及研究进展介绍了近期出现的插层复合法、共混法及溶胶-凝胶法等研究方法，并指出了其发展趋势。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备的高性能纳米NiCuZn铁氧体材料

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了高性能的NiCuZn铁氧体纳米粉末.研究表明,反应体系的最佳pH值为3.8～4.4,最佳反应温度是70～80℃,并且在正硅酸乙酯催化下,形成凝胶的时间大为缩短.添加10?TiO3所得复合材料具有可调控的电磁性能,其起始磁导率为10～25,介电常数为40～100,截止频率高于1.0GHz,该材料可用于高频多层片式电感.     

多孔锌电极应用于PVA电解液的锌空气电池

由于循环性能受到锌电极表面钝化及使用液态电解液在气孔附近存在漏液的影响,锌-空气电池作为二次电池的发展和应用受到了一定的限制。以聚乙烯醇(PVA)碱性聚合物凝胶代替了传统液态电解液,研究了不同多孔锌电极结构,在PVA聚合物电解液中的充放电特性和电化学性能,研究结果表明多孔锌电极在碱性PVA聚合物电解液下的全电池可以充放电100个循环并拥有稳定的性能,原因主要归结于PVA电解液减缓了多孔结构的锌电极钝化过程并且提高了锌电极的利用率。     

聚酰亚胺/氧化硅/氧化铝纳米复合薄膜的制备及性能研究

通过正硅酸乙酯和甲基三乙氧基硅烷及异丙醇铝在聚酰胺酸的N,N-二甲基乙酰胺溶液中的溶胶凝胶反应,制备了具有一定SiO2和Al2O3质量百分含量的聚酰亚胺复合薄膜。并且分别利用原子力显微镜和傅立叶变换红外光谱对薄膜进行界面形态和微观结构分析。并讨论了无机组分对薄膜的热性能和电性能的影响。结果表明,聚酰亚胺复合薄膜中的无机组分的分散性良好,与聚酰亚胺基体形成了很好的纳米复合体系,经试验研究证明了无机组分的引入大大提高了薄膜的耐局部放电学性能和耐热性能。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备的LiLaxFe5-xO8纳米晶材料的微波吸收特性

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了掺稀土元素镧的锂铁氧体纳米晶粉末，就镧元素的含量对锂铁氧体吸波性能的影响进行了对比研究。实验表明，用聚乙二醇凝胶法制备的LiLaxFe5-xdO8纳米晶粉末，当x=0.03时，对微波吸收效果最佳，在涂层厚度1.2mm，测试频段为7.5～11.9GHz内,35dB带宽为2.5GHz，在10.6GHz处，吸收峰值达45dB。     

动力电池用新型BaTiO_3复合聚合物电解质的制备及性能研究

将纳米BaTiO_3添加到以聚乙烯醇(PVA)为基体的聚合物电解质中,制备了复合聚合物电解质,通过SEM测试和交流阻抗等方法对聚合物电解质膜的物理性能和电化学性能进行了研究。结果表明,BaTiO_3复合的电解质具有更高的电导率,对复合聚合物电解质在动力电池上的发展前景进行了预测。     

低压电器中纳米AgSnO2电接触材料的制备方法及研究进展

综述了纳米SnO2颗粒和纳米AgSnO2复合材料的制备方法,包括机械合金化、化学共沉淀法、溶胶-凝胶法、化学镀法、水热法等。指出了水热法工艺流程简单、容易控制粉末粒度和形貌、生产成本相对较低等,是目前最有研究前景的制备纳米Ag-SnO2复合材料的方法,也是一种具有工业化实用前景的高质量粉体制备方法。     

FEATURE ARTICLE Conducting Polymer Composites

Conducting polymer composites become increasingly important for technical applications. In this article, the resulting electrical properties of such materials are illustrated by a variety of experimental examples. It is shown that the combined mechanical, thermal and electrical interaction between the filler particles via their electrical contacts and the surrounding polymer host matrix are responsible for the properties of the composite material. A short review is given of the theoretical background for the understanding of the electrical transport in such materials. The arrangement of the filler particles and the resulting conductivity can be described either by percolation or by effective medium theories. It can also be related to different types of charge carrier transport processes depending on the internal composite structure. Special emphasis is given to the microstructure of the filler particles such as size, hardness, shape and their electrical and thermal conductivities. A detailed analysis of the physics of the contact spots and the temperature development during current flow at the contact is given. It is shown that the polymer matrix has a strong influence on the electrical conductivity due to its elastic properties and the response to external thermal and mechanical stimulation. Strong changes in the electrical conductivity of conducting polymer composites can be realized either by thermal stimuli, leading to a positive and negative temperature coefficient in resistivity, or by applying mechanical stress. By using nonlinear fillers an additional degree of functionality can be achieved with conducting polymers.     

纳米AlN改性对干式变压器环氧树脂绝缘性能的影响

聚合物纳米复合材料因其优良的电气绝缘性能在电介质绝缘领域得到了广泛应用。为了获得性能优良的环氧树脂绝缘材料,将采用硅烷偶联剂进行表面处理后的纳米Al N颗粒加入环氧树脂绝缘材料中,采用溶液共混法制备了Al N质量分数分别为0%、0.5%、1%、3%、5%、7%的Al N/环氧树脂复合材料,研究了不同Al N质量分数对Al N/环氧树脂复合材料绝缘性能的影响。结果表明,树脂基体和Al N填料之间实现了有效的结合,提高了环氧树脂的热稳定性;Al N的加入一定程度上减小了复合材料的体积电阻率,并且增大了复合材料的介质损耗因数,但对复合材料电气绝缘性能的影响较小;当纳米Al N颗粒质量分数为3%时,Al N/环氧树脂复合材料的交流击穿电场强度最大。因此,添加适量纳米Al N颗粒能够提高干式变压器环氧树脂的电气绝缘性能。     

Microvaristors: Functional Fillers for Novel Electroceramic Composites

Microvaristors are tiny electroceramic particles, which have highly nonlinear, voltage controlled electrical transport properties and can be used as active fillers in a variety of insulating matrix materials for functional composites. Due to the internal grain boundary structure, each individual microvaristor particle shows an IV-characteristics similar to the one known from bulk ceramics, except for the scaled down switching voltage. By controlling the material formulation, the particle morphology and the sintering conditions the switching characteristics of microvaristors can be tailored for specific applications.In the present paper the basic properties of ZnO microvaristors are described and it is shown how they impart their nonlinearity to the composite. A single microvaristor can withstand surprisingly high current loadings, without major changes in their electrical properties. Combined with the high manufacturing flexibility known from polymer processing, the varistor composites can be used for new solutions in overvoltage protection or control of electrical fields.     

热压法制备AgSnO2电触头材料性能的研究

为了解决采用合金内氧化工艺难以氧化透较厚产品的问题,采用粉末冶金、内氧化和热压相结合的工艺制备AgSnO2电触头材料,研究了初压密度对材料制备过程的影响以及热压对材料性能的影响。研究结果表明,采用合金粉末压制烧结、内氧化和热压相结合的工艺可以生产出性能良好的AgSnO2电触头材料;经过热压后,氧化物颗粒细小并均匀分布在银基体上;最终产品的密度达到9.89g/cm3,电阻率小于2.8μΩ.cm。     

Enhanced dielectric properties of bismuth titanate/silver composites

Bismuth titanate (BiT) based composites containing silver particles are fabricated by a solution chemical process. Incorporation of silver particles does not result in unwanted reaction phase. SEM micrographs reveal fine silver particles distribute at BiT grain boundaries and into larger BiT plate-like grains. With the addition of silver, the dielectric constant increases up to ∼10 times higher than that of pure BiT ceramic, which can be attributed to the effective electric fields developed around the dispersed metal particles and the percolation effect. Additionally, the dielectric losses are significantly reduced by incorporating silver particles, and the values of BiT/Ag composites are lower than 0.5%. The dielectric properties of BiT/Ag composites are nearly frequency independent in the measured frequency range (1 kHz to 1 MHz).     

碳纳米管填充的高介电常数聚合物基复合电介质材料

介绍了碳纳米管电性能及其功能化改性、以及利用碳纳米管掺杂聚合物制备柔性高介电常数复合材料的研究现状,发现化学气相沉积法得到的多壁碳纳米管(MWNT)在化学处理前后形成的聚合物基复合材料具有明显不同的分散特性和介电性能.相对于微米级球形导电颗粒填充的复合材料,一维尺度碳纳米管填充的复合材料具有明显低得多的渗流阈值,低渗流阈值可以明显保持聚合物基体优良的机械性能.期望在这一领域从工程电介质的角度做深入的研究工作,以发现碳纳米管在聚合物基复合材料领域所表现出的新特性、新现象.     

Fabrication and evaluation of PZT/Ag composites and functionally graded piezoelectric actuators

Metallic Ag as the second phase was added into PZT ceramic matrix to fabricate piezoelectric composites and functionally graded actuators by gradually altering Ag concentration, aimed to improve mechanical properties and to solve possible interfacial debonding usually observed in conventional bimorph-type piezoelectric actuator. The PZT/Ag composites were obtained by directly co-firing PZT and Ag powders at 1200^∘C for 1 h. The fracture strength σ _f and fracture toughness K _IC , as well as the corresponding piezoelectric properties, were firstly evaluated upon the PZT/Ag composites for Ag concentrations of 0–30 vol%. The mechanical properties for the PZT/Ag composites were found to be greatly enhanced compared with pure PZT ceramics: from 69 to 129 MPa for σ _f and from 1.0 to 3.7 MPa.m^1/2 for K _IC . With increasing Ag concentration, the piezoelectric constant d ₃₃ of PZT/Ag composites was found to decrease from 419 to 86 pC/N. Then, a functionally graded actuator was fabricated and evaluated in terms of electric-induced curvature k. The PZT/Ag FGM actuator with size of 12 mm × 3 mm × 1 mm has a curvature k of 0.03–0.17 m⁻¹ that corresponds to applied voltages of 100–500 V. A comprehensive comparison was made on the mechanical property enhancements by the metal particles dispersion, and the bending displacements produced by the FGM actuators between the PZT/Ag and previously fabricated PZT/Pt systems.     

纳米银粒子对聚苯胺的电性能的影响

采用原位法一步合成了聚苯胺/纳米银复合粒子,通过紫外-可见吸收光谱、X射线衍射、透射电镜及红外光谱对其结构进行了表征.制备了聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)/聚苯胺修饰纳米银粒子复合薄膜,研究了聚苯胺纳米银复合粒子对复合薄膜电性能的影响.结果表明:采用原位法合成的聚苯胺修饰纳米银复合粒子的分散性良好,尺寸均匀,粒子平均尺寸...     

Electrorheological properties of anisotropically filled elastomers

We report the results of numerical simulations for the change of both mechanical and electrical properties of elastomers with anisotropically filled polarizable particles under capacitively graded electric and mechanical fields. Such composites have potential applications in electromechanical control. We have used numerical techniques to study the effect of particle shape, permittivity/conductivity ratio, and spatial arrangement on the shear modulus as a function of the electric field. We also investigated the influence of the high field and nonlinear conductivity in the polymer matrix. The results indicate that electrostatic energy and changes therein, which result in electro-rheological effects, are concentrated between particles, and that the electrostatic interaction between the particles is concentrated in a very narrow regime at the tip of the particles, The interaction increases with the electric field intensity until the field between the particles is high enough to cause nonlinear electrical conduction in the polymer, resulting in a redistribution of the electric field and electrostatic energy     

添加元素对Ag-Sn系合金粉末氧化性能的影响研究

采用预合金粉末内氧化法探索了金属元素(Sb,La,In)对Ag-sn系合金粉末的氧化行为,进而研究不同内氧化工艺下,含不同添加剂(Sb2O3, 3,La2O3, In2O3)C对Ag-Sn系电接触材料氧化性能的影响.结果表明,添加La的Ag-sn合金粉末的氧化物弥散均匀分布在银基体上,添加Sb的Ag-Sn合金粉末的氧化物主要聚集在粉末的颗粒边界上.