宜州膨润土工业化生产活性白土的研究

本文研究了宜州地区膨润土矿生产活性白土过程中各工序技术指标的调控对产品性能的影响。通过条件试验得出生产食用油脂类、石化类脱色活性白土的最佳方案。     

广西钙基膨润土的钠化改性试验研究

本文以广西宾阳膨润土为原料,采用干法、半干法对其进行钠化改型处理,主要考察了钠化剂种类、钠化剂用量、膨润土含水率、陈化时间对钠化效果的影响,并利用XRD对钠化产品进行测试分析.研究结果表明,利用干法处理可获得冶金球团用钠化土;半干法处理可实现膨润土的有效钠化,其物化性能更为优良,适用领域广.     

活性白土生产新工艺

河南省经委的重点技术开发项目“活性白土生产新工艺”,由信阳县膨润土厂和信阳非金属研究所共同试验成功。活性白土是生产石油化工产品的一种原料,主要用于润滑油、凡士林、汽轮机油的脱色和精制,也可用作石油炼油催化剂。它对食用菜籽油、棉籽油等,具有脱色、脱臭、除去     

信阳天然膨润土提纯试验研究

根据信阳膨润土的特性,采用湿法对其进行提纯。分别考察了六偏磷酸钠用量、液固比、沉降时间、搅拌时间对提纯效果的影响,并用吸蓝（MB）法和X-射线衍射对提纯效果进行检验。结果表明,信阳膨润土最佳提纯条件：分散剂用量0.125%、最佳液固比12、搅拌时间80min、沉降时间120min。膨润土的蒙脱石含量从61%提高到90%以上。     

广西宾阳膨润土制备活性白土研究

以广西宾阳膨润土为原料制备活性白土,探讨了不同酸度、固液比、反应时间、活化温度对制备活性白土脱色力的影响。研究表明：宾阳膨润土活化最佳参数为：酸度（H2SO4：HCl=1）15%～25％,固液比1：4,反应时间4h,反应温度85～105℃。并成功制备出了高效活性白土。     

“膨润土改性与表面处理机理研究”通过鉴定

膨润土具有离子交换、吸附、膨胀、悬浮、粘结、能变性等性能。广泛用于铸造,冶金球阀、钻井泥浆、油脂脱色以及化工、轻工、建筑、农业、国防、医药等部门,尤其用膨润土加工的有机土,高纯锂改性土、交朕蒙脱石催化剂截体,高效活性白土等高档产品,均具有很高的工业利用价值和经济价值。针对我国目前生产有机土和高效活性白土生产流程长,繁琐复杂、原燃材料消耗大、环境污染严重,并且产量十分有限的现状,四川省建材科研院科技人员经较长时间努力,在“膨润土     

辽宁北票膨润土制备活性白土试验研究

针对辽宁北票膨润土的矿物组成、化学成分和基本物化性能进行了定研究,并通过实验室流程模拟工业法制备活性白土试验,为该地嘭润土开发利用提供技术依据。     

难字当头 科技兴业——1994年国内膨润土企业概况

去年年初以来,我国膨润工厂大多数面临着资金短缺,原材料大幅度提价,特别是作为活性白土的主要材料硫酸,从年初的400元/t提高到700多元/t,几乎翻了一番,全国活性白土用酸量约4万t,仅仅这一项就要增加成本1000多万元。初步统计全年取工工资总额要比上年同期增加1200万元。 主要骨干企业,由于能抓住市场机遇,提高产品质量,不断开发新产品,所以仍然能取得较好的经济效益。全年膨润土销售额接近5亿元,税利总额6000万元。如浙江临安膨润土矿,仇山磁土矿,安吉膨润土总公司;湖北鄂州膨化厂;辽宁抚顺化塑厂,义县活性白土厂等单位全年利润均超100万元。广东高州及广西宁明膨润土厂利税总额均有较大幅度的提高。 安徽黄山的人工钠土,山东莱阳的活性白土,湖北鄂州和浙江临安的颗粒白土催化剂,浙江安吉的有机膨润土,新疆184团的钻井泥浆用土,其产品质量均能达到国际市场行销的产品标准,售价不断提高。值得一     

气田压裂返排液微涡流混凝处理效果分析

试验针对气田压裂返排液,采用撬装微涡流混凝装置进行了混凝试验研究。通过试验研究发现, 絮凝剂选用PAC与膨润土复合剂,且当膨润土与PAC复配比例为1：1,投加量为500mg/L,投加位置在管道 混合器时,混凝效果最好;助凝剂PAM的最佳投加量为20mg/L,最佳搅拌时间为1min,投加位置在搅拌罐。 采用“管道混合器＋微涡流混凝器＋搅拌罐”处理工艺,处理后水质SS、油类的去除率分别达到97.3％和58.1％, 黏度可降低52.3％。对混凝处理剂种类、投加量、搅拌时间等参数进行了优选,并对处理剂在设备中的投加位 置进行优化,为实现气井压裂返排液不落地处理提供依据。     

复合型粘土除氟剂的制备及除氟性能研究

本文主要对复合型粘土除氟剂的制备和除氟性能进行研究,以便开发实用的除氟剂。实验中以细粒杭锦2#土和Fe(NO3)3·9H2O作为原料,通过试验考察了铁土配比、焙烧温度、焙烧时间、pH值及吸附时间等对细粒杭锦2#土和复合型粘土除氟剂的除氟率的影响,并确定了它们在该试验中的最佳值。     

JG/T193-2006《钠基膨润土防水毯》相关问题的再讨论

本文作者从事膨润土研究多年,所在的公司也从事膨润土防水毯的研发、生产和销售,有感于本刊＂关于JG/T 193-2006〈钠基膨润土防水毯〉有关问题的讨论＂,也将一些问题提出,并希望能和同行一起讨论。     

关于膨润土防水毯防渗性能及稳定性的影响因素分析

总结了钠基膨润土防水毯（GCL）的防渗机理,从膨润土质量特性、渗透液水质、干湿循环、冻融循环等方面对GCL防渗性能及服务期稳定性的影响因素进行了论述,希望对改善防水毯性能研究提供参考。     

高庙子膨润土微观结构时效性试验研究

针对高庙子膨润土在不同含水率和不同干密度条件下的微观孔隙结构时效性进行了试验研究。首先采用静力压实法将3种不同含水率条件下的高庙子膨润土粉末压实到2种不同密实状态,压实结束后保持试样体积和含水率不变分别静置1,30,90d,然后分别采用压汞仪法和扫描电镜法对静置不同时间后试样的微观孔隙结构进行量测。试验结果表明,高庙子膨润土集合体间大孔隙随静置时间增加逐渐减少,而集合体内孔隙和小于压汞仪最小探测粒径的极小孔隙逐渐增多;随着静置时间的延续,膨润土微观孔隙结构趋于均匀化。产生上述现象的主要原因是：试样静置过程中,为达到吸力平衡,试样各微观孔隙结构中水分子重分布,导致层叠体内水分子层数增多,蒙脱石水化;随着水化的进行,层叠体晶层间水分子层数逐渐增多,同时厚的层叠体逐渐裂开成薄的层叠体,导致集合体内小孔隙增多;在体积不变条件下,集合体间大孔隙不断被挤压填充,孔隙体积逐渐减少。     

Selection and evaluation of adsorbents for the removal of anionic surfactants from laundry rinsing water

Low-cost adsorbents were tested to remove anionic surfactants from laundry rinsing water to allow re-use of water. Adsorbents were selected corresponding to the different surfactant adsorption mechanisms. Equilibrium adsorption studies of linear alkyl benzene sulfonate (LAS) show that ionic interaction results in a high maximum adsorption capacity on positively charged adsorbents of 0.6-1.7 gLAS/g. Non-ionic interactions, such as hydrophobic interactions of LAS with non-ionic resins or activated carbons, result in a lower adsorption capacity of 0.02-0.6 gLAS/g. Negatively charged materials, such as cation exchange resins or bentonite clay, have negligible adsorption capacities for LAS. Similar results are obtained for alpha olefin sulfonate (AOS). Cost comparison of different adsorbents shows that an inorganic anion exchange material (layered double hydroxide) and activated carbons are the most cost-effective materials in terms of the amount of surfactant adsorbed per dollar worth of adsorbent.     

溶液特征对石屑掺膨润土混合土的渗透特性影响

垃圾填埋是目前世界各地处置城市固废的主要方法,为了有效防止渗滤液污染地下水和周边环境,在垃圾填埋场底部铺设含黏土或膨润土掺砂混合土的防渗系统。利用采石场的石屑和膨润土配制防渗材料,通过渗透试验、Zeta电位试验和X射线衍射试验,分析溶液种类和浓度对渗透特性的影响机理。研究结果表明随着离子浓度的增大,混合土的渗透系数变大,其主要是由于溶液中的离子与钠基膨润土进行离子交换,膨润土土粒间斥力与土粒双电层厚度减小,且膨润土中的蒙脱石层晶间距增大。     

Color removal from cotton textile industry wastewater in an activated sludge system with various additives

The low biodegradability of many dyes and textile chemicals indicates that biological treatment is not always successful in the treatment of cotton textile wastewater, in terms of color removal. In this study, a specific organic flocculant (Marwichem DEC), powdered activated carbon (PAC), bentonite, activated clay and commercial synthetic inorganic clay (Macrosorb) were directly added into the activated sludge laboratory pilot plant model. Before dosage, the optimum sludge retention time and hydraulic retention time were determined as 30 days and 1.6 days, respectively. The Monod kinetic constants were determined as Y = 0.76 kg MLSS/kg COD, Kd = 0.026 l/day, K(S) = 113.3 mg/L, k = 0.42 l/day and mu(max) = 0.32 kg MLSS/kg COD day. Under these conditions the average COD removal was 94% and color removal was 36%. The addition of these materials did not change COD removal significantly. The most effective materials were found to be DEC and PAC for color removal. While the color removal efficiency for 120 mg/L DEC addition was 78%, it was 65% for 100 mg/L, 77% for 200 mg/L and 86% for 400 mg/L PAC addition. The advantage of DEC compared to PAC was the lower sludge production. Statistical analyses using multiple linear regression indicate that there is no relationship between the effluent color with the influent color and total suspended solids (TSS) for DEC and PAC addition. On the other hand, when only bentonite, activated clay and Macrosorb were added, the effluent color was primarily dependent on the influent color and the TSS concentration had little effect. When the data is examined by using Kruskal-Wallis H and Mann-Whitney U tests and it was found that there was a significant difference between the color data groups.     

粉煤灰粘土粉质粘土膨润土对镍离子吸附试验研究

研究了粉煤灰 、粘土、粉质粘土和膨润土从溶液中去除有毒金属镍离子的吸附过程。动态试验显示吸附过程是快速的。吸附试验结果表明,粉煤灰、膨润土对镍离子的吸附能力远大于粘土和粉质粘土,且粉煤灰大于膨润土。平衡吸附模型充分说明在高浓度下,镍离子在粉煤灰 、粘土、粉质粘土及膨润土上的吸附最符合 Langmuir 等温线, 在粘土和粉质粘土上的吸附也可用线性和 Freundlich 等温线来表示。试验结果还表明:随着吸附剂中镍离子含量的增加,粉煤灰等吸附剂对镍离子吸附的百分数均呈减小的趋势。     

自由膨胀条件下高压密膨胀粘土微观结构随吸力变化特征

核废料处置问题是世界各国安全利用核能所关心的重大问题。作为用于封堵通往地下处置库的通道,以隔断处置库内核废料与外界环境联系的首选隔绝用材料——膨胀性粘土的特性正越来越受到岩土工程界的关注。利用压汞测试法和电镜扫描法方法,对吸力控制条件下高压密蒙脱石充分自由水化后微结构变化特征展开平行对比试验,以研究高压密蒙脱石在不同吸力条件下的体积变化特征。吸力的控制采用了渗析(液相)法。试验对不同密实度的压密膨胀土随吸力变化特征的进行了研究。研究结果表明:(1)压实膨胀土水化过程中的膨胀势与初始压实密度有关,初始压实密度越大,膨胀势越大;(2)体积膨胀量与水化过程的控制吸力之间存在近似的半对数衰减关系,且随着控制吸力的增大,衰减速率减弱;(3)体积的膨胀主要来源于膨胀土集合体结构中集合体之间的大孔的扩张。     

Impact of a synthetic leachate on permittivity of GCLs measured by filter press and oedopermeameter tests

Geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) are used in landfill liner applications due primarily to their low hydraulic conductivity to water. The low hydraulic conductivity of GCLs comes from the structure of the clay in the bentonite. However, the interaction between clay and aggressive liquids may alter the structure of the clay and, thus, result in an increase in the hydraulic conductivity of the GCL. This paper presents the results of a project aimed at evaluating the impact of a synthetic leachate on the structure of four different bentonites used in the manufacturing of GCLs. The preparation of bentonite dispersions increased the interaction between the bentonites and the various liquids. The hydraulic properties of the dispersions also were tested using filter press tests to obtain flow curves. Results of these tests were correlated with the cationic concentration, electrical conductivity and pH of the dispersions, swell indexes of the bentonite extracted from the GCLs, and permittivities of the intact GCLs determined in oedopermeameter tests. The results showed that one bentonite was more sensitive to the synthetic leachate than the other bentonites. For example, the permittivities of the more sensitive bentonite based on the oedopermeameter tests and filter press tests were respectively 2.11 × 10⁻⁸ s⁻¹ and 5.6 × 10⁻⁸ s⁻¹, whereas the permittivities for other bentonites, including a natural sodium bentonite and two sodium-activated calcium bentonites, were respectively 5.7 to 6.5 × 10⁻⁹ s⁻¹ and 3.2 to 3.5 × 10⁻⁸ s⁻¹. The filter press test served as a quick and easy-to-use test to compare the performance of the various bentonites in containing a given liquid. However, the oedopermeameter test or direct permeation test is preferable to filter press tests or fluid loss tests for evaluating the long-term impact of a liquid on a bentonite.