离子液体([bmim]Cl)促进下醛基香豆素的Reformatsky反应

在离子液体氯化1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑([bmim]Cl)存在下,Zn粉活化的α-溴代苯乙酮类化合物与6-甲基-4-醛基香豆素发生Reformatsky反应,合成出三种香豆素取代的β-羟基酮类化合物。通过IR和1 H NMR对所合成的化合物进行了结构表征。实验结果表明,离子液体[bmim]Cl能够促进溴代苯乙酮与醛基香豆素的Reformatsky反应,并以较高产率得到香豆素取代的β-羟基酮类化合物。离子液体[bmim]Cl经处理后可循环利用,并且效率较高。     

离子液体中含氟N′-吡啶基-N-苯甲酰基硫脲的合成与生物活性

氟代苯甲酰氯与离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑硫氰酸盐([bmim]SCN)、氟代吡啶胺在室温下发生反应一锅法合成了6个含氟N′-吡啶基-N-苯甲酰基硫脲化合物,化合物结构经IR和1 H NMR确证。结果表明,氟代苯甲酰氯5.0mmol与[bmim]SCN 5.5mmol反应10min后,加入氟代吡啶胺5.2mmol,继续反应20min,以89.1%~96.4%的收率得到目标化合物,反应条件温和,反应时间短,收率高,操作简便。[bmim]SCN既作为反应原料,又作为反应介质,可以回收利用,重复使用5次目标产物收率无明显降低。初步生物活性测试结果表明,所合成的化合物具有一定的植物生长调节活性。     

含2-氯-5-甲基吡啶结构的芳甲酰基硫脲的合成与生物活性

以离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑硫氰酸盐([Bmim]SCN)作为反应原料和反应介质,在室温下与芳甲酰氯、2-氯-5-吡啶甲胺反应一锅法合成了标题化合物,用1HNMR和IR对其结构进行表征,并初步研究了目标化合物的生物活性。结果表明,10.0 mmol芳甲酰氯与2.16 g(11.0 mmol)[Bmim]SCN反应10 min后,产物不需要分离,继续与1.50 g(10.5 mmol)2-氯-5-吡啶甲胺反应20 min,以82.7%～95.6%的收率得到目标化合物。离子液体[Bmim]SCN可以回收利用,重复使用6次目标产物收率无明显降低。初步生物活性试验表明,标题化合物大多数有一定的杀菌和植物生长调节活性。     

2-氨基-4-苯基噻唑的合成研究

以α-溴代苯乙酮和硫脲为原料,正丙醇为溶剂,制得2-氨基-4-苯基噻唑,通过元素分析、红外光谱、1H NMR和MS确定化合物的结构。运用正交实验筛选出最佳工艺条件:反应时间为6 h,温度为97℃(回流),α-溴代苯乙酮和硫脲摩尔比为1:1.10,2-氨基-4-苯基噻唑的产率可达97%。该方法具有安全,易控制,操作简便,后处理简单等优点,适合工业化生产。     

微波辐射下合成2,6-二甲基-3-芳基-4(1H)-喹啉酮

研究了在微波促进下N-对甲苯基乙酰胺与取代苯乙酸经酰化和环化反应合成2,6-二甲基-3-芳基-4(1H)-喹啉酮化合物的方法,反应时间短,产物收率高,操作简便。在微波辐射下,以BF3·Et2O为催化剂,N-对甲苯基乙酰胺与取代苯乙酸发生酰化,80℃下反应15 min,以85.7%~91.3%的收率得到中间产物N-[4-甲基-2-(2-芳基乙酰基)苯基]乙酰胺;中间产物在叔丁醇钠/叔丁醇存在下进行环化,微波辐射下回流反应20 min,得到目标产物2,6-二甲基-3-芳基-4(1H)-喹啉酮,收率89.2%~94.3%。用IR、1HNMR和元素分析确证了目标产物的结构。     

2-取代-3-氨基-4(3H)-喹唑啉酮类化合物的合成与表征

以(未)取代邻氨基苯甲酸与乙酐或芳甲酰氯反应并环化,生成2-甲基-4(H)-3,1-苯并嗪酮衍生物,该中间体与80%水合肼反应即得目标化合物,收率76.1%～90.1%.     

5-卤代-2-(4-芳基-噻唑-2-基)-腙甲基-苯酚的合成

以5-卤代-水杨醛为原料,与氨基硫脲发生缩合反应,生成5-卤代-水杨醛缩氨基硫脲。然后分别与ω-溴代苯乙酮、对甲氧基-ω-溴代苯乙酮在甲醇或丙酮溶剂中回流反应10 min,得到6个5-卤代-2-(4-芳基-噻唑-2-基)-腙甲基-苯酚,最后通过红外、核磁、质谱对其进行了结构表征。     

离子液体中6-羟基-3,4-二氢-2(1H)-喹啉酮的合成

研究了离子液体[bmim]Cl-AlCl3催化4-甲氧基苯胺与丙烯酰氯反应一锅法合成6-羟基-3,4-二氢-2(1H)-喹啉酮,并用IR、1HNMR和元素分析对其结构进行确证。在[bmim]Cl-AlCl3介质中,4-甲氧基苯胺与丙烯酰氯发生酰化反应生成N-(4-甲氧基苯基)丙烯酰胺。而后在[bmim]Cl-AlCl3和酰化反应产生的HCl协同作用下,经过分子内Friedel-Crafts烷基化和脱甲基化反应,以89.6%的产率得到6-羟基-3,4-二氢-2(1H)-喹啉酮。离子液体[bmim]Cl-AlCl3作为催化剂和反应介质可以回收利用,重复使用5次目标产物的产率无明显降低。     

5,7-二甲基-N-芳基-1,2,4-三唑[1,5-a]嘧啶-2-磺酰胺的合成

以5-氨基-3-巯基-1,2,4-三唑为原料,经氧氯化后分别与6个芳胺反应,得到5氨基-N-芳基1,2,4-三唑-3-磺酰胺,继而和乙酰丙酮于乙酸中环合,制得6个取代的1,2,4-三唑[1,5-a]嘧啶-2-磺酰胺衍生物,同时讨论了胺解反应和环合反应的影响因素。所有目标产物的结构均经IR和1HNMR谱验证。     

离子液体中6-羟基-2(1H)-喹啉酮的合成研究

研究了对甲氧基苯胺经溴化、酰化和Heck反应在离子液体中合成6-羟基-2(1H)-喹啉酮的方法。对甲氧基苯胺与离子液体[bmim]Br3发生选择性溴化反应,以98.2%的收率得到质量分数为99.5%的2-溴-4-甲氧基苯胺;2-溴-4-甲氧基苯胺与丙烯酰氯发生酰化反应,以95.7%的收率得到N-(2-溴-4-甲氧基苯基)丙烯酰胺;在离子液体、醋酸钯、碳酸钾和1,3-双(二苯基膦)丙烷反应体系中,N-(2-溴-4-甲氧基苯基)丙烯酰胺顺利地发生分子内Heck反应,以91.5%的收率得到6-羟基-2(1H)-喹啉酮。该方法原料易得,反应条件易于控制,反应收率高,离子液体可以重复使用,对环境友好。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。