羟基肉桂酸衍生物的合成及其与人血清白蛋白的相互作用

以咖啡酸、间羟基肉桂酸为母体,分别与止血芳酸反应,设计合成两种羟基肉桂酸衍生物(E)-4-{[1'-(3″,4″-二羟基苯基)丙烯酰氨基]甲基}苯甲酸(Ⅰ)、(E)-4-{[1'-(3″-羟基苯基)丙烯酰氨基]甲基}苯甲酸(Ⅱ),并用MS、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR进行结构表征。采用荧光光谱法、同步荧光光谱法、紫外可见光谱法结合分子对接技术研究其在体外生理条件下与人血清白蛋白(HSA)之间的相互作用机制。光谱实验结果表明,衍生物Ⅰ和Ⅱ都可以使HSA的内源荧光发生静态猝灭,相互作用力主要是氢键和范德华力,且对HSA的构象产生一定影响。分子对接结果表明,衍生物Ⅰ、Ⅱ与HSA结合在亚结构域ⅡA(即site I)中,作用力主要是氢键和范德华力,同时还存在着疏水作用,且衍生物距色氨酸残基(Trp214)很近,很好地解释了衍生物有效猝灭HSA内源荧光的实验现象。分子对接与实验获得了一致性的结果,二者相互佐证,提高了实验结果推断的准确度。     

霉酚酸钠和吗替麦考酚酯与人血清蛋白相互作用机制的比较研究

利用荧光光谱法和分子对接比较研究了新型免疫抑制剂霉酚酸的两个前药吗替麦考酚酯和霉酚酸钠与人血清蛋白(HSA)相互作用。结果表明,两种药物与HSA之间以1∶1结合形成复合物,猝灭机制均为静态猝灭。不同温度下荧光猝灭实验计算了结合参数,结果显示两种药物对HSA均有猝灭,且霉酚酸钠猝灭更为显著。三维和同步荧光结果表明两个药物单体的加入均对HSA的构象产生了影响。分子对接结果显示配体和蛋白间有氢键生成,结合热力学结果说明药物与HSA之间的相互作用力主要是氢键和范德华力,且霉酚酸钠的结合能力更强。综上结果表明霉酚酸钠能更好的结合HSA,从而在体内运转和代谢的更快。相关研究工作不仅从分子层面阐明了两种药物单体与蛋白的结合机制,而且可为免疫抑制剂类药物的临床用药选择提供一定的理论依据。     

两种芹菜素衍生物与人血清白蛋白的相互作用

以黄酮类化合物芹菜素（4',5,7-三羟基黄酮）为原料,利用Mannich和磺化反应先后合成了两种芹菜素衍生物Ⅰ[8-(N,N-二乙基)-亚甲基胺基-4',5,7,-三羟基黄酮]、Ⅱ[8-(N,N-二乙基)-亚甲基胺基-4',5,7,-三羟基黄酮-3'-磺酸],并对其结构进行ESI-MS、1H-NMR、13C-NMR表征。利用荧光猝灭光谱、同步荧光光谱、紫外光谱法结合内滤光校正、分子对接研究了298、303、308 K时两种衍生物与人血清白蛋白（HSA）的相互作用机制。光谱法结果表明,衍生物Ⅰ、Ⅱ通过与HSA形成复合物而对HSA有荧光猝灭作用,猝灭原因是静态猝灭和非辐射能量转移,且衍生物与HSA的结合位点在HSA的亚结构域ⅡA附近,Ⅱ比Ⅰ更容易被转移和运输。热力学分析结果显示结合点数为1,且ΔH和ΔS均大于0,表明疏水作用为主要作用力。分子对接结果表明,两种衍生物与HSA均是通过疏水作用力和氢键结合于HSA的疏水空腔内,其中疏水作用为主要作用力,这与热力学结果相吻合。     

两种芹菜素衍生物与人血清白蛋白的相互作用

以黄酮类化合物芹菜素(4',5,7-三羟基黄酮)为原料,利用Mannich和磺化反应先后合成了两种芹菜素衍生物8-(N,N-二乙基)-亚甲基胺基-4',5,7-三羟基黄酮(Ⅰ)、8-(N,N-二乙基)-亚甲基胺基-4',5,7-三羟基黄酮-3'-磺酸(Ⅱ),并对其结构进行ESI-MS、1HNMR、13CNMR表征。利用荧光猝灭光谱、同步荧光光谱、紫外光谱法结合内滤光校正、分子对接研究了298、303、308 K时两种衍生物与人血清白蛋白(HSA)的相互作用机制。光谱法结果表明,衍生物Ⅰ、Ⅱ通过与HSA形成复合物而对HSA有荧光猝灭作用,猝灭原因是静态猝灭和非辐射能量转移,且衍生物与HSA的结合位点在HSA的亚结构域ⅡA附近,Ⅱ比Ⅰ更容易被转移和运输。热力学分析结果显示结合点数为1,且ΔH和ΔS均大于0,表明疏水作用为主要作用力。分子对接结果表明,两种衍生物与HSA均是通过疏水作用力和氢键结合于HSA的疏水空腔内,其中疏水作用为主要作用力,这与热力学结果相吻合。     

雷公藤红素与人血清白蛋白的相互作用

通过使用荧光光谱、分光光度法以及等温滴定量热法等方法,研究了人血清白蛋白(HSA)与雷公藤红素的结合方式,采用分子对接的方式分析相互作用模式。荧光光谱结果可知,雷公藤红素与HSA主要通过氢键和范德华力结合,并且雷公藤红素猝灭HSA内源荧光的机制为静态猝灭,同时两者的结合过程主要受温度影响。在两者的结合过程中,会导致HSA的构象与微环境发生微小的改变。结合分子对接结果可知,两者的结合过程可能主要是通过疏水相互作用、范德华力等弱相互作用进行结合。为雷公藤红素在血液中的运输及传递提供了理论支持,对深入理解雷公藤红素的药效学和药代动力学性质具有重要的意义。     

丹酚酸A与人血清白蛋白的相互作用研究

研究药物和血浆中载体蛋白的相互作用对阐明药物在体内的转运、分布、代谢和药效等具有重要的意义。采用荧光光谱和紫外-可见吸收光谱法研究了不同温度下丹酚酸A(Sal A)与人血清白蛋白(HSA)的相互作用机理。研究结果表明,Sal A对HSA的内源荧光有明显的猝灭作用,猝灭过程为静态猝灭,并测定和计算得到不同温度下Sal A与HSA反应的结合常数、结合位点数。分析两者结合过程的热力学数据,表明Sal A和HSA的结合是一种自发的放热过程,且推测出Sal A与HSA之间的作用力为氢键和范德华力。     

镧(Ⅲ)-芸香甙配合物与人血清白蛋白作用特征的研究

合成了稀土镧(Ⅲ)与芸香甙的配合物(LaPH),采用荧光光谱法和圆二色性光谱法研究了LaPH与人血清白蛋白(HSA)的作用特征。结果表明,在人体血液离子强度及pH值条件下,LaPH能与HSA依靠氢键和范德华力发生结合反应,导致HSA内源荧光的猝灭,结合过程可自发进行;计算得到了不同温度下结合反应的平衡常数和热力学参数;圆二色性光谱显示LaPH的介入使HSA的α-螺旋、!-折叠等二级结构发生了一定的转变。     

一种新型含硒席夫碱与人血清白蛋白相互作用的研究

应用紫外吸收光谱和荧光光谱研究了新型含硒席夫碱2-苄基亚胺基次甲基-4-(3-苄基亚胺基次甲基-4-羟基-苯硒基)苯酚(BBHP)与人血清白蛋白(HSA)之间的相互作用.结果表明,在生理pH值条件下BBHP主要通过形成复合物的静态猝灭方式使HSA的内源荧光得以强烈猝灭;BBHP与HSA主要有1个结合位点数,298 K时的结合常数为1.392×106 L·mo1-1;该结合反应为自发的放热过程,相互作用力主要为氢键和范德华力.根据F(o)rster无辐射能量转移理论计算了两者之间的结合距离r=2.42 nm,同时考察了BBHP对HSA构象的影响.     

不同相对分子质量的海藻酸钠与人血清白蛋白相互作用的研究

通过加酸微波降解海藻酸钠联合凝胶色谱柱分离的方式制备了相对分子质量为3190、4897、6800、14635、20960、66500的6种不同相对分子质量的海藻酸钠。采用荧光猝灭法研究了6种不同相对分子质量的海藻酸钠与HSA的相互作用。实验结果表明,海藻酸钠与HSA存在相互作用,两者结合属于静态猝灭;热力学分析表明6种不同相对分子质量的海藻酸钠和HSA的相互作用是以氢键和范德华力为主的分子间作用。相对分子质量的变化并没影响其猝灭类型及作用力类型。结合位点数约为1。两者结合常数受相对分子质量的影响较大,在海藻酸钠相对分子质量为3190~66500之间其结合常数呈现为先增加后减小的趋势。     

槲皮素与人血清白蛋白作用机理探究

采用荧光光谱、紫外吸收光谱、分子模拟等技术,研究了槲皮素与人血清白蛋白(HSA)相互作用的热力学行为。荧光实验结果表明：槲皮素与HSA相互作用时,随着槲皮素的浓度从0增加到19.62×10-7 mol/L,HAS的荧光强度从844.3下降到461.4,最大发射波长由340.7 nm降低到338.6 nm,变化不明显,并且随着温度从298K升高到303K,猝灭常数由4.66 ×105 L/mol减小到2.69 ×105 L/mol,说明槲皮素对HSA的内源荧光有明显的猝灭作用,猝灭机理为静态猝灭。分子模拟结果显示：槲皮素分子在HAS 的Sudlow I位点和Sudlow II位点的结合最高积分别为6.41和7.36,总能量分别为 -37.01 kJ/mol和-39.98 kJ/mol,表明其在Sudlow II位点的结合能力较强,且两种结合的作用力主要为氢键作用（键能分别为- 10.41 kJ/mol和-12.34 kJ/mol）。在位点I和位点II上,槲皮素分子与发光氨基酸残基Trp214的质心距离分别为1.36和2.40 nm。这与根据Förster’s非辐射能量转移理论计算的平均距离3.04 nm结果基本吻合。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。