工业水处理用清洗剂

清洗剂是工业水处理重要药剂之一,为了合理利用水资源,节约工业用水,改善环境卫生,节省能源,清洗剂已日益被人们所重视。而选择优良的工业清洗剂对防止金属腐蚀,提高设备的传热效率和劳动生产率,达到文明生产起到极其重要的作用。本文介绍了工业清洗剂的分类、清洗方法、清洗用缓蚀剂及今后发展动向,作为从事生产、科研及设计技术人员参考。     

本钢连铸机浊循环水处理国产药剂的应用

对本钢大板坯连铸浊循环水系统过滤器反冲洗水使用的油清洗剂及泥浆脱水处理使用的混凝剂和絮凝剂，进行了进口药剂和国产药剂的对比试验。结果表明，国产药剂完全可以取代进口药剂，并具有较好的经济效益。     

化工装置的化学清洗程序

化学清洗,要根据垢样的分析结果,选择合适的溶剂和相应的缓冲剂来配制清洗剂。清洗前,设备通常用1％～2％的氢氧化钠溶液进行脱油脂的预处理。在某些场合也用1％的热铬酸作为氧化剂来协助除去某种硫化物。金属设备酸洗除垢后,需注意冲洗、中和及钝化,防止设备再生锈。钝化的药剂有:硝酸钠、纯碱、联氨、磷酸盐等。     

中国化工学会工业水处理学会团体会员单位简介

北京通州水处理剂厂是由中国化学水处理技术公司,北京东方化工厂和通县联合经营的专业性水处理药剂生产厂。主要生产丙烯酸系列阻垢分散剂、缓蚀剂、杀菌灭藻剂、清洗剂、预膜剂、消泡剂及絮凝剂等多种水处理药剂。总生产能力已达五千吨/年。同时我们还有一批专业技术服务队伍,为用户提供水处理及酸洗技术方案、技术咨询。我     

一种纳米涂层修饰改性陶瓷微滤膜清洗剂及其制备方法和应用

摘要：本发明公开了一种纳米涂层修饰改性陶瓷微滤膜清洗剂,按质量百分比由以下组分组成：复合表面活性剂30％-57％、碱性氢氧化物15％～35％、清洗助剂8％～40％。此外还公开了上述清洗剂的制备方法和应用。本发明清洗剂清洗效果好,经清洗后改性陶瓷微滤膜的渗透通量可基本恢复,且对改性陶瓷微滤膜及纳米改性氧化物无明显腐蚀作用,避免了清洗过程对改性陶瓷微滤膜结构与性能的影响。     

烟塔合一机组中水冷却的凝汽器在线化学清洗

介绍了烟塔合一机组且使用中水冷却的凝汽器在线化学清洗,使用的膦羧酸类高效清洗剂是由膦羧酸外加分散剂、缓蚀剂、粘泥剥离剂、浸润剂等清洗助剂复配而成的一种全有机化学清洗剂,具有水溶性好,螯合能力强等特点。该药剂在不停车的情况下,对换热器内的污垢起到很好的去除作用,而且对设备的腐蚀很小,安全可靠。     

油污-油腻性重垢金属清洗剂的研究

以价格便宜可生物降解的阴离子、非离子表面活性剂、助洗剂、缓蚀剂等复配制成固态状金属清洗剂,通过试验确定清洗剂配方,阴离子和非离子表面活性剂为25％～30％。试验验证该清洗剂室温下3min去油污能力大于90％,防腐性、防锈性能达到标准,具有较强的市场竞争力。     

工业清洗剂中VOC检测方法的建议与展望研究

VOC（挥发性有机化合物）是工业清洗剂的组成成分之一,包含正己烷、苯、三氯乙烯等成分,对环境卫生与安全造成了较大的威胁。文章以工业清洗剂中VOC的类型及限值为切入点,简单介绍了现有工业清洗剂中VOC的检测方法。同时根据当前工业清洗剂中VOC检测方法的弊端,提出了几点建议,并对工业清洗剂中VOC检测方法进行了进一步展望,希望为工业清洗剂中VOC检测方法的优化提供一些参考。     

超滤膜清洗剂及其性能研究

针对超滤法处理工业含油废水时所造成的超滤膜污染,采用正交实验法进行实验室模拟实验,研制了一种高效碱性清洗剂,最佳配方（质量分数）为：十二烷基苯磺酸钠（LAS）9％,表面活性剂9％,氢氧化钠46％,无水碳酸钠15％,磷酸钠11％,硅酸钠10％。分别测定了该清洗剂的净洗力、pH、泡沫力、漂洗性能和接触角的变化,并将该配方应用到钢铁厂超滤膜机组进行工业实验。实验结果表明,该清洗剂的各项指标符合国家环保要求,对超滤膜管的净洗力达到96．53％,而且对超滤膜管无腐蚀性,性能优于传统的碱性清洗剂。     

固井水泥车密度计清洗剂研究

首先通过清洗剂配方筛选实验,初步确定水泥石清洗剂的配方为:40 mL 2％FSJ-1+60 mL 30％ HGS-A+60 mL 30％ HGS-B.清洗剂性能研究结果表明,复配清洗剂动态溶解效率显著高于静态溶解效率;复配清洗剂浓度增加,溶解效率增加;复配清洗剂配比不变,用量增加时,溶解水泥石的绝对量也显著增加.清洗剂对水泥石溶解率随时间增加而增加;溶解效率随水泥石厚度的减少而增加.复配清洗剂中添加1.0％的缓蚀剂会使其溶解水泥石的效率显著下降;但添加0.5％缓蚀剂JPC-3不影响清洗剂溶解水泥石效率,对N80钢、A3钢、废密度计自制钢片的平均腐蚀速率分别为2.2245 g/(m2·h)、1.9383 g/(m2·h)、2.0392g/(m2·h),腐蚀速率均小于3.0 g/(m2·h),满足中国石油天然气行业标准SY/T5405-1996的Ⅰ级标准(3～5)g/(m2·h).水泥石清洗剂的最终配方为:40mL2 ％FSJ-1 +60mL30％ HGS-A+60mL30％ HGS-B+0.8gJPC-3.最后利用该清洗剂在油田生产现场清洗一台完全堵塞的密度计6.0h,获得成功.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。