E-MA-MAH三嵌段共聚物对PLA/PBAT体系的增韧改性研究

通过研究乙烯-丙烯酸乙酯-马来酸酐三嵌段共聚物(E-MA-MAH)作为相容剂对聚乳酸(PLA)/对己二酸丁二醇酯和对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯的共聚物(PBAT)共混物的力学性能的影响,结果发现:相容剂的酸酐官能团与PBAT和PLA共混体系的活性官能团发生反应,增加了界面的粘结力,共混物的韧性提升明显。SEM分析表明,当E-MA-MAH含量为5%时,增韧机理为剪切屈服机理。DSC分析表明:E-MA-MAH的加入后,PLA的结晶温度和结晶度降低。     

聚碳酸酯共混物增容改性的研究

综述了近年来聚碳酸酯与丙烯腈－丁二烯－苯乙烯共聚物、聚酯、液晶高分子、聚酰胺和聚烯烃等共聚物的研究现状。采用官能团化大分子作为共混物的相容剂或者作为改性组分是聚碳酸酯共混物改性的主要发展方向，增容聚碳酸酯共混物的分散相尺寸变小、界面粘结加强，物理与力学性能改善。讨论了聚碳酸酯共混物中的增容机理。     

PP／PS合金技术进展

PP和PS是不相容的聚合物 ,直接机械共混的产物性能较差 ,通过添加相容剂 ,如嵌段共聚物或接枝共聚物能提高共混物性能。在线增容技术已用于PP、PS反应性增容 ,生产高性能的合金。     

SEBS-g-MAH在塑料工业中的应用

介绍了马来酸酐接枝苯乙烯-乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(SEBS-g-MAH)作为相容剂及增韧剂在改性聚酰胺、聚苯醚、聚烯烃等聚合物共混物方面的应用。     

衣康酸接枝PE-HD增容PA6／PE-HD共混物的研究

采用反应型双螺杆挤出机和熔融接枝技术制备了一系列高密度聚乙烯（PE-HD）接枝物，采用红外光谱表征了衣康酸接枝PE-HD（PE-HD-g-ITA）和衣康酸-苯乙烯共聚物接枝PE-HD[PE-HD-g-（ITA-co-St）]的结构，并研究了接枝率（GR）和熔体流动速率与单体和引发剂用量的关系；制备了PE-HD-g-ITA增容PA6／PE-HD共混物，研究了共混物的力学性能和形态结构。结果表明：引入相容剂PE-HD-g-ITA，共混体系的冲击强度较纯PA6提高近1．7倍；共混体系两相界面变得模糊，分散相尺寸减小，说明相容剂能明显改善共混物两相界面间的黏结，改善体系的分散状况，两相问的相容性得到明显提高；相容剂对共混物两相熔点（Tg）的影响不大，PA6相结晶度稍有下降，PE-HD相结晶度却明显增加。     

高聚物共混体系相容性的改善

聚合物—聚合物之间的相容性是决定高分子共混物性能的主要因素。本文评述了改进高聚物共混体系相容性的主要方法,包括与极性单体共聚,对高分子作化学改性以及引入特殊相互作用基团等。文章还总结了近年来应用以上方法以及应用共聚物作为高聚物共混体系的相容剂来改进相容性的新结果。     

GMA功能化聚合物及其在共混改性中的应用

通过熔融接枝、乳液聚合、溶液聚合、悬浮聚合等方法可以制得甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油脂功能化的共聚物，这些接枝、嵌段、核壳结构共聚物可以用作增韧剂和增容剂，通过“原位”反应增韧聚合物和增容聚合物共混物，提高聚合物的韧性和改善改善共混物的相容性。     

反应型相容剂在PP共混改性中的应用

综述了反应型相容剂在聚合物改性中的应用。概述了反应型相容剂的类型与作用机理,并介绍了有关工艺与设备。例举了反应型相容剂新近在ＰＰ共混改性,如改善ＰＰ纤维可染、ＰＰ塑料抗冲、吸水性等改性中的应用。     

高聚合度PVC／PP／相容剂共混改性体系研究

采用ＣＰＥ、ＡＢＳ和ＰＰ溶体接枝物等作相容剂恶性状聚合物ＰＶＣ／ＰＰ共混物的相容性，并考察共混比、相容剂用量、增塑剂用量、ＥＰＤＭ用量、相容剂种类对高聚合度ＰＶＣ／ＰＰ共混物力学性能和微观形态的影响。     

MMA-co-GMA增容PBAT/PLA共混材料结构与性能

利用甲基丙烯酸甲酯-甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯无规共聚物(MG)为相容剂,采用熔融共混法制备了聚对苯二甲酸-己二酸丁二醇酯(PBAT)和聚乳酸(PLA)生物降解共混材料。MG中的环氧官能团与PBAT和PLA中的端基之间的增容反应生成PBAT-co-MG-co-PLA大分子相容剂提高二者之间的相容性。MG的加入导致PLA相的最大分解速率温度明显向高温方向移动,耐热性提高,而PBAT相最大分解速率温度几乎没有变化。MG的增容作用促进了PBAT相的均匀分散、较小的粒子尺寸和窄的分布。动态流变测试结果表明,PBAT/PLA/MG共混材料比PBAT/PLA共混物具有更高的复数黏度和储能模量,增容反应增加了界面相互作用和熔体强度。同PBAT/PLA共混材料相比,MG的增容作导致PBAT/PLA/MG共混物表现出更高的冲击韧性、断裂伸长率和拉伸强度。     

聚合物相容剂和相容化技术进展

介绍了聚合物相容剂的作用、分类、开发及应用 ,重点介绍了反应性相容剂的作用机理及其对共混物体系冲击强度等性能的影响 ,列举了一些具体应用实例     

Preparation of acrylic/acrylate copolymeric surfactants by emulsion polymerization used in pesticide oil‐in‐water emulsions

In this work, acrylic/acrylate copolymeric surfactants, which can be used in the preparation of pesticide oil‐in‐water emulsions (EW), were synthesized by emulsion polymerization, using potassium persulfate (K₂S₂O₈) as an initiator, dodecyl mercaptan (DDM) as a chain transfer agent at the temperature range of 82–85°C. When the weight ratio of monomers was m(butyl acrylate) : m(methyl methacrylate) : m(acrylic acid) = 4 : 4 : 1.6 and the dosage of DDM was 2% (percentage of monomer mass), the prepared acrylic/acrylate copolymeric surfactants had a number‐average molecular weight of 2.5 × 10⁴ and exhibited good stability for pesticide EW. The carboxylic group distribution studies show that only the surface carboxylic groups make dispersed pesticide oil droplets more stable. The acrylic/acrylate copolymeric surfactants prepared by shot‐monomer had the most surface carboxylic group distribution (46.6%). To obtain greater surface carboxylic group distribution, maleic anhydride (MA) was used to modify the polymer system. Adding 2% MA (percentage of monomer mass) to the polymerization system, the surface carboxylic groups were increased 12% over unmodified acrylic/acrylate copolymeric surfactants. Compared with traditional pesticide EW, the avermectin EW prepared with acrylic/acrylate polymeric surfactant had much better stability. Meanwhile, its pesticide effect was similar to that of a control (1.8% abamectin emulsifiable solution). © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

Poly[2-(hydroxyethyl methacrylate)-co-(sulfobetaine)]s hydrogels: 1. Synthesis and swelling behaviors of the 2-(hydroxyethyl methacrylate)-co-2-(vinyl-1-pyridinium propane sulfonate) hydrogels

A series of the 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate/2-vinyl-l-pyridinium propane sulfonate (HEMA/VPPS) copolymeric gels have been prepared from HEMA and zwitterionic monomer VPPS of various molar ratios. The influence of the amount of VPPS in copolymeric gels on their swelling behavior in water and various saline solutions at different temperatures was investigated. Results indicate that the PHEMA hydrogels exhibit an overshooting phenomenon in their dynamic swelling behavior. The maximum overshooting value decreases with increasing temperature. The same results are also shown for the lower VPPS content HEMA/VPPS copolymeric gels. In the equilibrium swelling ratio, the PHEMA hydrogel exhibits a minimum swelling ratio at 55 °C. Then, the minimum swelling ratio disappears gradually with increasing VPPS content in HEMA/VPPS copolymeric gels. In the saline solution, the swelling ratios of HEMA/VPPS copolymeric gels increase rapidly with increasing salt concentration, for salts with a smaller ratio of charge/radius.     

Environmentally friendly copolymeric beads of Chlorella vulgaris and poly(methacrylamide) grafted aliginic acid di‐block copolymers for biosorption of zinc ions

The synthesis of biodegradable environmentally friendly copolymeric beads for water treatment biosorption processes is demonstrated. The synthesized poly(methacrylamide) grafted aliginic acid copolymers were characterized using ¹H NMR, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, TGA and SEM. The di‐block copolymers showed a morphological change from two‐dimensional layer‐by‐layer structures to three‐dimensional well‐compacted wrinkles as grafting efficiency increased. The copolymeric beads were formed from the di‐block copolymer and algae crosslinked with 5% calcium ions (w/w). These copolymeric beads were then subjected to biosorption investigations for zinc ions as a model heavy metal ion at different pH values and stirring time periods. Batch adsorption experiments showed that the copolymeric beads were effective in zinc ion removal from aqueous solutions with maximum uptake exceeding 89.0 mg g^–1 using higher grafting efficiency copolymeric beads at pH 5.5. Equilibrium pH studies revealed that zinc biosorption was pH dependent and maximum uptake was obtained at pH 5.5. Dynamics studies showed that the biosorption of zinc was rapid with equilibrium attained within 40 min and the data followed pseudo‐second‐order kinetics. The equilibrium biosorption of zinc ions on the copolymeric beads exhibited a Freundlich isotherm fit. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-sulfobetaine) hydrogels. II. Synthesis and swelling behaviors of the [2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-3-dimethyl(methacryloyloxyethyl)ammonium propane sulfonate] hydrogels

A series of the 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate/3-dimethyl-(methacryloyloxyethyl)ammonium propane sulfonate (HEMA/DMAPS) copolymeric gels was prepared from various molar ratios of HEMA and the zwitterionic monomer DMAPS. The influence of the amount of the zwitterionic monomer in the copolymeric gels on the swelling behaviors in water, various saline solutions, and temperature was investigated. The results indicate that the PHEMA hydrogel (D0) and lower DMAPS content of the HEMA/DMAPS copolymeric gel (D1) exhibit overshooting phenomena in the dynamic swelling behavior. The maximum overshooting value decreases with increase in temperature. In the equilibrium swelling ratio, the PHEMA hydrogel exhibits a minimum swelling ratio at 55°C. Then, the minimum swelling ratio diminishes gradually with increasing of the DMAPS content in the HEMA/DMAPS copolymeric gels. In the saline solution, the swelling ratios of HEMA/DMAPS copolymeric gels increase rapidly with increasing of concentration of the salt with a smaller ratio of the charge/radius. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 69: 2021–2034, 1998     

低温等离子体对AN-MA共聚物膜的表面改性

采用低温等离子体技术对丙烯腈－马来酸酐共聚物膜进行表面改性,运用ＦＴＩＲ－ＡＴＲ技术定性分析了处理后共聚物膜表面发生的化学变化,探讨了等离子体处理条件对共聚物膜的水 量及肌酐和尿素去除率的影响。结果表明,选择合适的等离子体处理条件,可获得水通量小而对肌酐尿素去除率较高的丙烯腈－马来酸酐共聚物膜。     

pH‐reversible hydrogels. IV. Swelling behavior of the 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate‐co‐acrylic acid‐co‐sodium acrylate copolymeric hydrogels

A series of 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and sodium acrylate (SA50) copolymeric gels were prepared from HEMA and the anionic monomer SA50 with various molar ratios. The influence of SA50 on the copolymeric gels on their swelling behavior in deionized water at different temperatures and various pH buffer solutions was investigated. Results indicated that the poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) hydrogels exhibited an overshooting phenomenon in their dynamic swelling behavior. The maximum overshooting value decreased with increasing of the temperature. The same results were also found in the HEMA/SA50 copolymeric gels with a lower SA50 content. On the contrary, the overshooting phenomenon for HEMA/SA50 copolymeric gels with a higher content of SA50 was exhibited only under higher temperature (over 35°C). These copolymer gels were used to assess drug release and drug delivery in this article. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 81: 1360–1371, 2001     

Thermoreversible hydrogels VI: Swelling behavior of the (N-isopropylacrylamide-co-diethyl methyl methacryloyloxyethyl ammonium iodide) copolymeric hydrogels in aqueous salt solutions

A series of N-isopropylacrylamide/diethyl methyl methacryloyloxyethyl ammonium iodide (NIPAAm/DEMMAI) copolymeric gels were prepared from blending NIPAAm, cationic monomer DEMMAI, and N,N′-methylene bisacrylamide (NMBA) in various molar ratios in this article. The effects of the amount of the cationic monomer in the copolymeric gels on the swelling behaviors in water and various saline solutions at various temperatures were investigated. Results showed that the swelling ratios of copolymeric gels were significantly larger than those of pure NIPAAm gel, and that the more the DEMMAI content, the higher the gel transition temperature. In the saline solution, results showed that the swelling ratio for pure NIPAAm gel had not changed significantly with an increase of the salt concentration until the salt concentration was larger than 0.1 M. The swelling ratios for the copolymeric gels NIPAAm/DEMMAI were decreased with increasing salt concentration. In various saline solutions, results showed that the anionic effects were greater than cationic effects in the presence of common anion with different cations and common cation with different anions for these hydrogels. Finally, we also tested the reversibility of the NIPAAm/DEMMAI copolymeric gels. The deswelling and reswelling kinetics were dependent on the temperature which was below or above the gel transition temperature. The gel with a small DEMMAI content has a good reversibility.     

聚醚酰亚胺对共聚双马树脂的增韧作用

采用聚醚酰亚胺(PEI)来提高共聚双马树脂的断裂韧性。实验结果表明,PEI是共聚双马树脂的有效增韧剂;分别加入10份和12.5份的PEI,可使共聚双马树脂的断裂韧性(GIC)分别提高到650J/m2和805J/m2,弯曲模量变化不大,弯曲强度则小幅度下降。用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和动态力学分析(DMA)研究了改性树脂体系的微观结构,发现其断裂韧性主要与相态结构有关。     

Thermoreversible hydrogel. V. Synthesis and swelling behavior of the N-isopropylacrylamide-co-trimethyl methacryloyloxyethyl ammonium iodide copolymeric hydrogels

A series of N-isopropylacrylamide/trimethyl methacryloyloxyethyl ammonium iodide (NIPAAm/TMMAI) copolymeric gels are prepared from the various molar ratios of NIPAAm, cationic monomer TMMAI, and N,N′-methylene bisacrylamide (NMBA) in this article. The influences of the amount of the cationic monomer in the copolymeric gels on the swelling behavior in water, various saline solutions, and various temperatures are investigated. Results show that the swelling ratios of copolymeric gels are significantly larger than those of pure homopolymer NIPAAm gel, and the more the TMMAI content, the higher the gel transition temperature. In the saline solution, results show that the swelling ratio of pure NIPAAm gel has not significantly changed with an increase of the salt concentration until the salt concentration is larger than 0.1M. The swelling ratios for the copolymeric gels NIPAAm/TMMAI decrease with increasing salt concentration. In various saline solutions, results show that the anionic effects are greater than cationic effects in the presence of common anion, different cations and common cation, and different anions for these hydrogels. Finally, we also tested the reversibility of the NIPAAm/TMMAI copolymeric gels. The deswelling and reswelling kinetics are dependent on the temperature, which is below or above the gel transition temperature. The gel with little TMMAI content has a good reversibility. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 69: 1793–1803, 1998