德国柏林墙遗址地区公共空间的保护与规划研究

柏林墙是柏林近代史上重要的一段政治事件遗迹与历史见证。从1990年6月至今,柏林政府对柏林墙遗址地区进行了不同层面的保护和开发。梳理了柏林墙与柏林城市发展的关系,从政府工作、遗址构筑物与户外公共空间3个方面,研究了柏林墙遗址地区的保护与规划内容,认为针对柏林墙遗址地区,德国政府及人民对历史予以足够的尊重,以政府为主导的多维度、持续性的规划工作对遗址地区起到了重要的保护作用。灵活多样、高品质的公共空间营造方式与丰富的纪念性活动,使得衰败的地区得以激活和复兴,为中国遗址地区保护与规划设计提供借鉴。     

City profile: Berlin

Berlin is a German city and federal state, situated in the heart of Europe. It has been the capital city since 1991, and is the largest city in the country with around 3.4 million inhabitants. This profile explains Berlin’s historical development and emphasizes changes which took place during the 20th century (the Weimar period in the 1920s, followed by the Nazi takeover in 1933 and the city’s destruction during World War II, then the division of the city into West Berlin and East Berlin, until its final reunification in 1990 after the Wall fell down). After reunification, Berlin experienced a new period of urban redevelopment in which many new buildings were constructed. This profile also outlines some recent positive changes in terms of Berlin’s economic growth and its transformation into the capital of innovative new companies in the digital, culture and media industries.     

图底城市

随着对新柏林所缺失的城市记忆的热烈讨论，柏林中心城区地图成为众多柏林相关出版物中的类。1945,1953，1980，2000和2010年的图底平面图将柏林中心城区的命运清晰地展示在大众眼前，它们不仅记录了柏林城市在二战后各种破坏与重建的情况，从中还可以读出在各个历史阶段影响柏林城市建设与发展的种种事件与力量。     

续写理性主义实践——柏林洪堡大学雅各布和威廉格林图书馆解读

从苏黎世的IBM大厦到柏林的城市交通运输办公大楼,马科思.都德勒的建筑作品从未停止过对于理性主义的探索和追求。近期落成的柏林洪堡大学雅各布和威廉格林图书馆集古典美学、理性秩序和建造实践于一体,纵向网格状的立面形式与内部结构、功能的统一,体现了严谨和辩证的设计思想,而对于历史类型学的应用和城市肌理的关注,展现了建筑设计的人文关怀,因而不失为都德勒续写理性主义实践的又一成功力作。     

上海与柏林--处于永恒变化中的国际城市

本文以两座变化中的大都市——上海和柏林——为例，指出“变化”是这两座城市在发展过程中的相同特点，但是，文章同时突出了“变化”在两座城市中的不同表现。文章对柏林城市历史变迁中的几个节点，例如选侯大街、勃兰登堡门、菩提树下大街，波茨坦广场等予以了更多的笔墨。     

上海·柏林

站在过去与未来之间,上海、 柏林都面对着一系列令人困惑的问题，如何取舍，将决定它们的未来走向，本文从诸多方面分析比较了二者的异同之处，展现了一个深刻反思的柏林与个始终向前看的上海。     

跨越柏林墙：2010年前的柏林城市建设

德国的统一使得柏林有了新的发展机遇,但东,西柏林的长期分治,也使得柏林的发展面临了新的问题,柏林在建设新首都中,为消除东西柏林城市空间结构的差异,增进柏林与外围地区的协调,采取了重视城市内向发展,加强内城边缘区后林均衡发展所规划与建设策略。     

柏林，住宅设计之窗

柏林的住宅发展历史是20世纪整个世界住宅发展史的一个缩影，本文总结了柏林住宅设计近一个世纪以来的建设与发展，同时在解读各时期有代表性的住宅建筑基础上，展现柏林在住宅建设的多样化和个性化方面的成就。     

柏林的城市色彩形成与启示

该文通过研究柏林城市色彩景观,对其现状、各构成要素进行了陈述和分析,总结柏林城市色彩景观形成的原因,提出改善我国城市色彩的启发,认为城市色彩建设是以不增加建设成本,建成宜人城市的为城市建设理想,为我国的和谐统一的城市色彩景观的形成提供依据和借鉴。     

Berlin Babylon: The Spatiality of Memory and Identity in Recent Planning for the German Capital

The 2001 film Berlin Babylon explores place-making tensions in reunited Berlin concerned with the spatiality of memory. Taking cues from the film and based on interviews with memory workers in Berlin, the article considers the problems surrounding national identity narrative (re)construction in Germany and the role of spatial imagination necessarily invoked by this. Foregrounding the role of capital city planning in etching or erasing memory traces in identity construction, the argument is made that in the presentation of identity ambivalence Berlin fortunately remains an uneasy place where a national narrative of continuity exists in tension with an identity narrative which seeks to incorporate rupture.     

法兰克福绿带体系规划历程与更新策略

绿带作为管理城市空间发展的有效手段,在多个国家得以成功实践。首先对绿带的发展进行了基础研究,在此基础上,以法兰克福绿带体系规划历程为研究内容,紧密结合绿带与城市发展的关系,从历史的角度探索法兰克福不同城市发展阶段所采取的绿带规划方法。介绍以绿带促进城市转型、保护历史遗产的成功经验和以绿带控制城市扩张、构建城市开放空间系统、提供多功能城市服务的规划策略。通过分析法兰克福绿带的发展过程与成功经验,认识到中国绿带建设的不足,为中国已有绿带更新和新的绿带建设提供参考。     

After the Event: Speculative Projects in the Aftermath

Working on speculative architectural projects in the aftermath of traumatic events requires both fearlessness and sensitivity on the part of the designer. Samantha Spurr describes how architecture studios organised by the University of Technology, Sydney, held in Shenzhen, Berlin and Beirut, have brought students into direct contact with these issues and fragile sites. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Assessing Settlement of High-Rise Structures by 3D Simulations

Abstract:   A number of new high-rise buildings in the Frankfurt region are currently in their planning stage. Most of these high-rise structures will be erected on combined piled-raft foundations (CPRFs). Due to the complex interaction between piles, raft, and subsoil the difficult design of these foundations will be carried out by three-dimensional finite-element (FE) simulations. For the 121 m high City-Tower , which is currently under construction, the design procedure based on a three-dimensional FE simulation of the CPRF is described. The design process for the new 228 m high office tower Max , which will be located in the financial district of Frankfurt, in the direct vicinity of already existing high-rise buildings, has just started. To improve and verify the input parameters for the constitutive modeling and to allow for a cost optimized foundation design, a numerical back-analysis of the 110 m high Eurotheum , located close to the building site of Max , has been performed. For this building comprehensive measurements were carried out starting in the construction stage and lasting up to the present day.     

柏林的城市铺装

城市铺装在公共空间底界面特色和城市个性塑造中具有重要作用和地位。该文在概括了柏林常见铺装的材料、色彩、质感和特点的基础上,介绍了其在柏林不同类公共空间中的应用。     

都市缝合--20年柏林和上海规划设计分析的都市发展空间意义透视

通过1980年代和1990年代末上海和柏林的两版城市总体规划各自的前后比较,使得两个城市有了历史上从未有过的空间发展内在任务的相似性。自1990年至今两个城市完成了世界大城市今日少有的大量规划设计的国际招标，罕见的大规模城市更新建设和空间结构重组。透过这些纷繁的规划设计活动，可以看到一个潜在的目标始终在控制着这两个城市的建设规划和设计创作，这个目标就是：缝合东西柏林和缝合东西上海。     

Berlin,Moscow, Warsaw: a century of sibling rivalry expressed in urban form

The troubled, historical relationship between Russia, Poland and Germany is revealed in their struggles for dominance over borderland territories. Berlin, Moscow and Warsaw boast scars left by dynastic wars and cultural skirmishes between these nations before 1914. The final Partition of Poland (1795), making Warsaw the third largest city in the Russian empire, and its destruction in 1944–5, epitomise their deadly rivalry. WWI was a watershed: Imperialism and the belle époque in architecture were replaced by socialism and modernism; the urban working class demanded security against a system founded on the ‘callous cash nexus’. This socialist phase was, like its predecessor, memorialised in monuments and statues, buildings, architecture and urban design. The fall of the Berlin Wall symbolised the opening of the era of choice, quintessentially expressed in the Mallification of public spaces. The concomitant of choice is risk, whose antidote may not be sought in class-based actions but in pre-socialist, nationalist narratives.     

中德城市中心工商住混合型历史街区更新的比较研究——以柏林哈克雪庭院群和上海田子坊为例

本文从中德两国不同的城市更新背景出发,撷取柏林哈克雪庭院群与上海田子坊为例,探讨了在城市中心工商住混合型历史街区的更新中如何以文化为主题,实现居住、文化、商业功能的和谐再生,在保护其城市肌理和历史文脉的同时提升地块活力,使之成为城市文化的地标。     

德国柏林艺术大学建筑学教学研究

文章研究柏林艺术大学建筑专业开放式教学方法及其对中国建筑教学改革的启示,分析柏林艺术大学建筑教学方法和普通工科大学的不同,从教学组织和教学内容方面介绍了柏林艺术大学建筑教育的特点,对教学过程中要开设的课程和要完成的项目设计作了简要的罗列。     

Anupama Kundoo

Informed by research into and experimentation with eco-friendly construction methods, the work of Anupama Kundoo adheres to the fundamentals of Indian tectonics in forming its architectural language. In this respect her work is influenced by the experimental environment of Auroville, and the construction innovations of Balkrishna Doshi and Laurie Baker. In 1990 she started her architecture practice in Auroville, a place she describes as an international city in the making in southeast India (see her essay in this issue). From 1992 to 1996 she lived in Berlin and worked in social housing, before returning to Auroville. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Urban identity policies in Berlin: From critical reconstruction to reconstructing the Wall

After the fall of the Iron Curtain, the East-Central European cities had to re-invent themselves to quickly adapt to a globalising world. Urban identity production policies were usually geared to connect to a chosen pre-socialist “Golden Age”, ignoring the socialist past as a simple disturbance of a “normal” development path. This story the cities were to tell, however, frequently conflicted with the socio-economic realities of a rather unsmooth transformation process, making the socialist past part of the urban identity. In the case of Berlin, a post-socialist and at the same time a post-western-stronghold city, urban identity production is bound to be more complicated than anywhere else. After the failure of the policy to “critically reconstruct” the cosmopolitan metropolis of the 1920s and thus erasing the past of the divided city, policies developed in the run-up to the 20th anniversary of the fall of the Wall aim at turning the Cold War past into a central element of the story that is to support its urban identity, notably leading to the comprehensive re-emergence of the Berlin Wall in the cityscape. This policy – unmatched in other East-Central European cities – has its origins in a historic struggle for identity, leading to the questionable attempt to make “change” the main story Berlin is to tell. This theme however – in conjunction with the reconstructed Wall as image brand – may fall short of creating an urban identity accepted by large population parts.