The Integrated Model of Embedded Management Systems and Its Implementation

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A CORBA-based quality of service management framework fordistributed multimedia services and applications

For distributed multimedia services, it is essential that quality of service be guaranteed system-wide, including end systems, communication systems, and networks. Although many researchers have addressed issues of QoS management, little attention has so far been paid to the QoS management services in distributed multimedia services and applications. To address this deficiency, we have designed a layered model for end-to-end QoS management called the QoS management framework. Our framework, which is CORBA-based, includes a generic QoS MIB for the QoS parameterization of various multimedia services and the services needed to perform various QoS functions. A key component of this framework is the QoS management service object (QMSO), which orchestrates resources at endpoints, coordinating resource management across layer boundaries. Services such as translation, monitoring, admission, and negotiation are provided by the QMSO. To validate this concept, we have developed a QoS management system for managing and controlling the QoS of a distributed multimedia system called MAESTRO. The QoS management system has been implemented through CORBA objects and provides an interface to multimedia applications, which can be dynamic negotiation and renegotiation of QoS by users. Some performance results in QoS negotiation and renegotiation are also presented     

On spectral theory of cyclostationary signals in multirate systems

This paper studies two problems in the spectral theory of discrete-time cyclostationary signals: the cyclospectrum representation and the cyclospectrum transformation by linear multirate systems. Four types of cyclospectra are presented, and their interrelationships are explored. In the literature, the problem of cyclospectrum transformation by linear systems was investigated only for some specific configurations and was usually developed with inordinate complexities due to lack of a systematic approach. A general multirate system that encompasses most common systems-linear time-invariant systems and linear periodically time-varying systems-is proposed as the unifying framework; more importantly, it also includes many configurations that have not been investigated before, e.g., fractional sample-rate changers with cyclostationary inputs. The blocking technique provides a systematic solution as it associates a multirate system with an equivalent linear time-invariant system and cyclostationary signals with stationary signals; thus, the original problem is elegantly converted into a relatively simple one, which is solved in the form of matrix multiplication.     

Mechatronics by analogy and application to legged locomotion

A new design methodology for mechatronic systems, dubbed as Mechatronics by Analogy (MbA), is introduced. It argues that by establishing a similarity relation between a complex system and a number of simpler models it is possible to design the former using the analysis and synthesis means developed for the latter. The methodology provides a framework for concurrent engineering of complex systems while maintaining the transparency of the system behavior through making formal analogies between the system and those with more tractable dynamics. The application of the MbA methodology to the design of a monopod robot leg, called the Linkage Leg, is also presented. A series of simulations show that the dynamic behavior of the Linkage Leg is similar to that of a combination of a double pendulum and a spring-loaded inverted pendulum, based on which the system kinematic, dynamic, and control parameters can be designed concurrently.     

Circuit theory of periodically driven nonlinear systems

The systems under discussion are nonlinear, but driven by a strong periodic "carrier." Examples of such systems are oscillators, frequency multipliers, limiters, modulators, and periodically driven feedback systems. It is of interest to inquire how small perturbations on the periodic driving are propagated throughout the system, and to this end a circuit theory for these perturbations is developed. In different Contexts these perturbations could be desired or undesired modulation, noise, hum, or synchronizing signals. In general the random processes in such a system will, because of the periodic driving, be nonstationary; but various representations are developed that are stationary, and hence can be described by spectral analysis. The concept of impedance is developed for the small perturbations, and the validity of Kirchhoff's Laws is examined. Specific problems are not treated in detail; instead, a general framework is set up within which a variety of problems can be analyzed. Problems of this sort include the theory of noise in oscillators, propagation of noise and modulation in nonlinear systems, the noise theory of frequency multipliers, and synchronization of oscillators.     

The Agamid design-space exploration framework

The emergence of many-core processors raises novel demands to system design. Power-limitations and abundant parallelism require for efficient and scalable run-time management. The integration of dedicated hardware to enhance the performance of the run-time management system is gaining an increasing importance. But the design of a run-time manager for many-core generally suffers from exhaustive evaluation time. Previous works do not address for the required flexibility or do not address for reasonable evaluation time of the simulation framework. We propose the novel simulation framework Agamid to foster the development and evaluation of hardware enhanced run-time management for many-core. Our transaction-level framework performs design point evaluation of hardware enhanced run-time management for many-core at the timescale of seconds. We use a hybrid simulation approach considering the run-time management and the user application at different levels of abstraction. The framework provides a generic run-time manager to compare arbitrary management systems and HW/SW partitionings. The implementation of the run-time manager facilitates direct execution at the host machine and a detailed synchronization model. Agamid applies user application workloads by means of transaction-based task graphs. An extendable system-call interface allows arbitrary interaction between the user application and the run-time management system. The thorough calibration of the RTM timing model enables reasonable approximations of the management overhead. Our evaluation considers the accuracy, wall-time and design space exploration capabilities of Agamid. Our findings substantiate the usefulness to integrate the modeling of the run-time management, hardware architecture and user application into a single transaction-level framework.     

Struts在商品房网上备案系统中的应用

传统的商品房销售合同备案登记管理以手工为主,不仅效率低、且易出错,而且由于信息不畅,存在一房多售、重复抵押等现象,也给房产交易市场造成混乱。商品房网上销售合同备案系统正是顺应信息化、标准化管理趋势,杜绝违规现象,进一步加强房地产交易市场管理而推出的房地产管理部门的信息管理系统。在此运用UML,利用Struts框架的MVC设计模式与J2EE技术开发了商品房网上备案系统。针对商品房网上备案系统进行了系统需求分析、设计。系统的实现及运行表明,利用Struts框架技术,可方便代码开发和管理,适用于大型的复杂的Web系统开发,实现了房地产交易市场的信息化。     

Stochastic modelling of human-performance reliability

A stochastic model is developed to quantify the reliability of human performance. The model provides closed-form mathematical expressions into which multiple factors affecting the reliability of man-machine system can be incorporated. Three elements of man-machine systems are combined to form the framework for modeling: random task arrivals, transient human performance characteristics (detection of task arrivals, performance accuracy, performance time, etc.), and operational requirements of the system. Simulation and numerical models that could be developed within this framework are indicated     

Multilevel systems and concepts in process control

The overall objective of the paper is to point out how multilevel concepts and techniques can be applied in the process control field. The approach provides a framework for the structuring and design of a control and management information system for achieving a totally integrated plant automation. The multilevel concepts are classified in terms of strata, layers, and echelons and the use of these concepts in the systems engineering process is discussed. Available techniques and theoretical results are briefly reviewed and the advantages of the multilevel approach in application to large scale systems are enumerated. A number of existing hierarchical installations in industry are briefly described in order to put into practical context the ideas and concepts presented here.     

Design evolution of engineering systems using bond graphs and genetic programming

This paper presents a scheme of evolutionary design optimization, which integrates modeling with bond graphs and optimization using genetic programming for multi-domain engineering systems, particularly mechatronic systems. The performance of the developed system is studied using both experimentation and simulation. During the evolutionary optimization, in addition to the desired response error, system complexity is also taken into account. For the experimental study, the method is implemented in an industrial fish processing machine at the Industrial Automation Laboratory of the University of British Columbia, and the obtained results for suggested design modifications are studied and tested. The drawbacks of the fitness calculation methodologies that are presented in literature are identified and improved fitness functions are developed for evolutionary design in the present work. While previous work has investigated the integration of bond graphs and genetic programming for designing an engineering system, the present work specifically addresses the application of the developed method for the design improvement of an industrial machine. The proposed method is applicable particularly to existing engineering systems, first because the initial model can be tested by comparing its simulated results with the corresponding results from the actual physical system, and second because the design improvements as suggested by the evolutionary design framework, which is developed in the present work, may be implemented and tested against the behavior of the corresponding model.     

A BT enterprise configuration management system

Enterprise configuration management provides a framework within which to control the growth and complexity of modern large-scale integrated systems. BT is a leader in the field. This paper describes the company's design, implementation, and deployment of the Configuration Management Environment — a suite of whole-life, whole organisation, processes and tools needed to support a competitive and dynamic Networks and Systems division.     

Ray phase space approach for 3-D imaging and 3-D optical data representation

We propose a framework to model, analyze and design three-dimensional (3-D) imaging systems. A system engineering approach is adopted which relates 3-D images (real or synthesized) to 3-D objects (real or synthesized) using a novel representation of the optical data which we call "ray phase space". The framework provides a powerful tool for determining the performance of 3-D imaging systems, for generating computational reconstruction of 3-D images and for optimizing 3-D imaging systems.     

Adaptive joint detection and estimation in MIMO systems: a hybrid systems approach

An adaptive receiver based on hybrid system theory is developed for a multiuser multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) fading code-division multiple-access (CDMA) system. The basic idea is to treat the transmitted symbols and channel gains as unknown states (discrete and continuous) within a hybrid systems framework. The Bayesian-inference-based state estimation is derived using multiple model theory resulting in an optimal joint sequence estimator, which is shown to be intractable in its computational complexity. A suboptimal receiver (IMM-SIC) is then derived based on the well-known Interacting Multiple Model (IMM) algorithm and successive interference cancellation (SIC) scheme. This paper shows the specific approximations made to the probability densities of the optimal receiver in deriving the IMM-SIC receiver with complexity linear in number of users. This receiver design is well suited for online recursive processing of space-time coded CDMA system, where the decoding stage is incorporated within the multiple model framework.     

A tutorial on protocols

Protocols are common tools for controlling information transfer between computer systems. The concept of a protocol, which grew out of experimental computer networking, is now fundamental to syatem design. In this paper, basic protocol functions are explained and discussed. Then, the concept of a distributed system architecture is presented. It provides the framework for layers and protocols to operate across heterotgeneous systems. The purpose and functions of each protocol layer such as, transmission, transport, virtual terminal, are described. Interactions between design and performance are discussed, and typical mechanisms are reviewed. CCITT and ISO relevant standards are summarized. Finally, the similarity between protocols and programming languages is emphasized as it points to the major impact brought about by protocols in system design.     

The MMST computer-integrated manufacturing system framework

Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) is the harmonious connection, integration, and interoperation of automation equipment within a manufacturing facility. In a semiconductor wafer fab, this includes integration of the processing equipment with all of the supporting systems for product and process specification, production planning and scheduling, and material handling and tracking. Traditionally, CIM systems have been characterized as monolithic mainframe-based systems and/or inflexible islands of automation with limited interoperability. Today's manufacturing demands fully integrated dynamic systems which directly support the concepts of lean, flexible and agile manufacturing to high quality standards. These requirements drove the design of a new CIM system which was developed for the Microelectronics Manufacturing Science and Technology (MMST) program. This paper provides an overview of the MMST CIM system framework which is based on open distributed system and object technologies. The CIM system was demonstrated in a 1000 wafer pilot production run in 1993 which achieved world record cycle time, and is now being commercialized as part of the WORKS product family from Texas Instruments     

On-Demand Service in Cloud Computing

Cloud computing provides a new paradigm for hardware and software infrastructure design as well as planning and usage of information systems. It offers flexible, efficient, inexpensive, and quality services. This paper proposes an on-demand service system using the cloud computing architecture and analyzes important issues such as organization, management, and monitoring of distributed service resources; context-aware on-demand service modeling, on-demand automated service composition in large-scale networks, and service system analysis based on complex system theory. Continuous Operating Reference Station (CORS) of a geo-spatial information system is taken as an example, and its architecture is analyzed from the perspective of cloud computing.Some fundamental questions are raised about its service.     

Adaptive online processor management algorithms for multimedia data communication with QoS sensitivity

Energy consumption has become an increasingly important consideration in many real‐time systems. Therefore, the design and analysis for energy‐efficient processor management techniques is an important and widely open research field. In this paper, I propose new online processor management algorithms to control heterogeneous multimedia services while maximizing energy efficiency. These online management algorithms—quality of service control, service request admission and scheduling algorithms—are combined in an integrated framework for higher system performance and energy efficiency. The most important feature of my proposed online framework is its adaptability, flexibility, and responsiveness to current system conditions. Simulation results clearly indicate the superior performance of my proposed framework to strike the appropriate performance balance between contradictory requirements. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Issues in designing middleware for wireless sensor networks

Wireless sensor networks are being developed for a variety of applications. With the continuing advances in network and application design, appropriate middleware is needed to provide both standardized and portable system abstractions, and the capability to support and coordinate concurrent applications on sensor networks. In this article, we first identify several design principles for such middleware. These principles motivate a cluster-based lightweight middleware framework that separates application semantics from the underlying hardware, operating system, and network infrastructure. We propose a layered architecture for each cluster that consists of a cluster control layer and a resource management layer. Key design issues and related challenges within this framework that deserve further investigation are outlined. Finally, we discuss a technique for energy-efficient resource allocation in a single-hop cluster, which serves as a basic primitive for the development of the resource management layer.     

毕业设计质量管理与控制体系的探索与实践

毕业设计是高等学校本科教育的一个综合性实践环节,是本科专业人才培养的一个重要组成部分。本文针对毕业设计中的质量管理兰控．制,题,利用系统论和控制论的方法,对毕业设计质量与控制体系的基本构成、实施内容、关键环节的管理与控制方法等进行了深入地研究,为建立和完善高等学校毕业设计质量监控体系提出了基本思路和方法。