关于空调加湿的几种方式及应用的讨论

对等焓加湿的几种方式作了介绍，并对等焓加湿及等温加湿二种加湿原理加以比较，阐明了加湿效率及饱和效率的概念，并指出其各自特点及应用场合。     

天然气加湿技术研究与应用

对天然气转换后铸铁管道泄漏原因进行了分析,提出了天然气加湿预防泄漏的技术方案,设计了加湿工艺,选择粗苯和93号汽油作为加湿剂进行了试验研究。在工程实践中选用粗苯作为加湿剂对天然气进行加湿处理,取得了良好的效果和经济效益。     

加湿采暖系统在工程设计中的应用分析

本文对采暖系统的干燥现状、采暖系统加湿量、采暖系统的加湿能力、加湿采暖系统的水质及暖气加湿装置进行了分析,并得出几点结论供同行们参考。     

天然气管网加湿工艺的研究

研究了不同加湿剂对管网中橡胶圈和麻丝的溶胀作用。洗油和异丁基油作为加湿剂可得到较好的效果，燃气适宜的加湿剂量是洗油0．5g／m^3，异丁基油1．5g／m^3。     

高压喷雾加湿中喷雾形式对加湿效率的影响

高压喷雾加湿是目前广泛应用于各个行业的加湿方式,本文介绍了高压喷雾加湿的方式,对于不同的喷雾形式将产生不同的加湿效果,本文通过实验横向比较不同的喷雾形式下对加湿效率的影响,从而得出结论指导工程应用。     

针对铸铁管接口泄漏的天然气加湿法

针对转换天然气后铸铁管接口发生泄漏的问题,讨论了如何选用加湿剂以及加湿方法来防止铸铁管接口泄漏,论述了加湿应注意的问题.     

无锡天然气管网的加湿输送技术与效果

文章阐述了旧燃气管网改造时因天然气与人工煤气在组分、输送材料方面的不同所导致的问题,说明了天然气加湿的技术工艺和加湿剂的作用。介绍了无锡在部分旧管网输送天然气时的加湿流程,根据接头泄漏数量的统计,说明了天然气加湿技术的有效性。     

天然气加湿输送技术简介

介绍了天然气转换过程中使用的加湿技术,分析了实际工程的加湿效果。     

转输天然气后铸铁管接头泄漏的加湿法处理

介绍了人工煤气转换为天然气后，采用加湿法解决铸铁管接头泄漏的机理、加湿剂的选择以及加湿系统的工艺。     

空调系统电热加湿段性能数值模拟研究

电热加湿器是空调系统的常用设备,具有加湿精度高、湿度易于调节等优点,但同时也存在加湿段风速较高时难以加湿的问题。本文分析了电热加湿器的工作原理及其存在的主要问题,采用试验和数值模拟相结合的方法,研究了电热加湿器加热功率对产汽量及蒸汽喷管出口压力的影响,以及加湿段截面积对加湿系统加湿性能的影响,研究结果表明：增大电热加湿器加热功率或增大加湿段截面积有利于提高加湿系统的加湿性能。     

透湿膜加湿器的性能研究

对透湿膜加湿器的加湿原理及其加湿势和性能进行了理论研究，得出了其加湿热力性能曲线。在国内现有技术条件下，研制了透湿膜加湿元件，并对其进行了性能测试，得出了透湿膜加湿元件的加湿量随空气温度、给水温度及风速变化的关系曲线和计算公式。     

加湿器在日本的应用及进展

本文简述了加湿器在日本的应用历史及现状，详细阐述了日本对各类加湿的研究成果，并论及日本近年在关有的技术、工艺和材料方面的进展。     

蒸发式空气加湿冷却器的性能及其在风冷冷水机组中的应用

通过对采用铝质孔板波纹填料的直接蒸发式空气加湿冷却器的测试,给出了蒸发冷却效率,空气阻力与迎面风速,淋水密度之间的关系式和曲线,并分析了该设备用于风冷冷水机组的效果和经济性。     

Particulate matter emitted from ultrasonic humidifiers—Chemical composition and implication to indoor air

Household humidification is widely practiced to combat dry indoor air. While the benefits of household humidification are widely perceived, its implications to the indoor air have not been critically appraised. In particular, ultrasonic humidifiers are known to generate fine particulate matter (PM). In this study, we first conducted laboratory experiments to investigate the size, quantity, and chemical composition of PM generated by an ultrasonic humidifier. The mass of PM generated showed a correlation with the total alkalinity of charge water, suggesting that CaCO₃ is likely making a major contribution to PM. Ion chromatography analysis revealed a large amount of SO₄²⁻ in PM, representing a previously unrecognized indoor source. Preliminary results of organic compounds being present in humidifier PM are also presented. A whole-house experiment was further conducted at an actual residential house, with five low-cost sensors (AirBeam) monitoring PM in real time. Operation of a single ultrasonic humidifier resulted in PM_2.5 concentrations up to hundreds of μg m⁻³, and its influence extended across the entire household. The transport and loss of PM_2.5 depended on the rate of air circulation and ventilation. This study emphasizes the need to further investigate the impact of humidifier operation, both on human health and on the indoor atmospheric chemistry, for example, partitioning of acidic and basic compounds.     

Size and mineral composition of airborne particles generated by an ultrasonic humidifier

This study describes the size distribution and concentration of particles expelled by a portable, 3‐L ultrasonic humidifier. The ultrasonic humidifier was filled with waters of varying mineral content and hardness. Aerosol size distributions were measured during 8 hours of humidifier operation in a typical bedroom. Humidifiers produced approximately 1.22 × 10¹⁰‐2.50 × 10¹⁰ airborne particles per milliliter of water consumed, resulting in airborne particle concentrations of 3.01‐5.91 × 10⁴ #/cm³, with modes ranging between 109 and 322 nm in diameter. The emission rate of particles varied by water type from 1.02 × 10⁹ to 2.27 × 10⁹ #/s. Lower mineral waters produced fewer, smaller particles when compared to higher mineral waters. Chemical analyses of particles collected with a cascade impactor indicated that the minerals in emitted particles had the same relative mineral concentrations as the fill water. Our results demonstrate that ultrasonic humidifiers should be considered a source of inhalation exposure to minerals dissolved in water, and that the magnitude of exposure to inhalable particles will vary with water quality.     

Estimating retrospective exposure of household humidifier disinfectants

We conducted a comprehensive humidifier disinfectant exposure characterization for 374 subjects with lung disease who presumed their disease was related to humidifier disinfectant use (patient group) and for 303 of their family members (family group) for an ongoing epidemiological study. We visited the homes of the registered patients to investigate disinfectant use characteristics. Probability of exposure to disinfectants was determined from the questionnaire and supporting evidence from photographs demonstrating the use of humidifier disinfectant, disinfectant purchase receipts, any residual disinfectant, and the consistency of their statements. Exposure duration was estimated as cumulative disinfectant use hours from the questionnaire. Airborne disinfectant exposure intensity (μg/m³) was estimated based on the disinfectant volume (ml) and frequency added to the humidifier per day, disinfectant bulk level (μg/ml), the volume of the room (m³) with humidifier disinfectant, and the degree of ventilation. Overall, the distribution patterns of the intensity, duration, and cumulative exposure to humidifier disinfectants for the patient group were higher than those of the family group, especially for pregnant women and patients ≤6 years old. Further study is underway to evaluate the association between the disinfectant exposures estimated here with clinically diagnosed lung disease.     

湿陷性黄土地基处理中新增湿技术的应用

西北地区常年干旱少雨,地基土的天然含水率较低,一般在3.3%-10%之间,在现行地基处理施工中,地基土含水率偏低将直接影响地基处理效果,需对地基土进行增湿处理。目前,西北湿陷性黄土地基处理中增湿案例较少,本文以甘肃靖远净化站工程为依托,采用深层和浅层联合法对地基土进行增湿处理,施工设计成功解决了注水孔塌孔问题,增湿不均匀性问题,提出了增湿设计过程中影响注水孔间距的因素,注水孔间距与增湿时间之间的关系,长短注水孔的设计取值,为黄土场地增湿处理提供了借鉴。     

灰土桩处理湿陷性黄土地基试验研究

通过工程实例,设计了试验方案,测量了石灰桩膨胀法加固湿陷性黄土时黄土的各项力学参数的变化以及进行了评价.结果表明土桩挤密地基可以用来处理全部湿陷性土层,也可用于处理部分湿陷性土层,对用水量很大,地基大量浸水难于避免的建(构)筑物,地基亦处理全部湿陷性土层,至少要消除极大部分的湿陷性,对湿陷性黄土地基用挤密地基解决湿陷问题是主要的,只要湿陷问题解决了,一般压缩性、承载力和防水抗渗也可以满足.若将挤密地基做成防水抗渗性能较好的垫层时,则应适当提高桩间土的密实度要求.场地土的含水量偏低,适当的增湿能提高地基处理的效果,由于本次试验场地存在砂石夹层,增湿深度受到限制,增湿灌水量不宜控制,使增湿后含水量增大不大明显.但挤密后的效果均能满足设计要求.     

Simplified mathematical modelling for a solar humidification compression desalination system

The performance of a solar humidification‐dehumidification desalination where dehumidification is carried out by compression is studied. The mathematical models are developed to assess the effect of operating condition on desalination system. Two models are developed for solar heater and humidifier tower and after solving the models, the obtained results are compared with the experimental data for model verification. The results indicate a good conformity between the model and experimental data. There exist a 1.9–13.3% error between experimental data and modelling. The lowest error is assigned to water temperature in the humidifier and the highest to air temperature in the solar heater.     

The Acute Effects of Humidifiers on Asthma Morbidity

Abstract Humidifiers, used in approximately 25% of Canadian homes, may potentially aggravate asthma by increasing the airborne concentrations of fine particles and microbials. A randomized controlled study was carried out to investigate the acute effects of humidifier use on asthma control. Daily peak flows, asthma symptoms and need for medication were assessed during 2 weeks (period 1) when 110 subjects were using humidifiers and during the following 3 weeks (period 2) when half of the subjects were randomized to stopping the humidifier and the other half to continuing its use. In the intervention group, mean morning peak flows were 357 L/min (SEM 17) during humidifier use (period 1) and 352 L/min (SEM 16) when humidifiers were not used, a difference of - 4.4 L/min (95%CI - 11.2 to 2.3) (period 2). Respective values in the control group were 403 L/min (SEM 16) during period 1 and 405 L/min (SEM 16) during period 2. No significant differences were found when analyses were restricted to portable humidifiers, allergies to mites and/or molds, and infrequently cleaned humidifiers. Humidifiers cause no short-term adverse health effects in the majority of those with asthma. Future studies should address the broader question concerning the chronic effects of increased home humidity on microflora and health.