基于特征子模式典型相关分析的热释电红外信号识别

为使现有热释电红外(PIR)探测器具有识别检测区域内红外辐射源的功能,提出一种基于典型相关分析(CCA)特征融合的人体和非人体PIR信号识别方法.该方法首先提取PIR信号的频谱和小波包熵特征,然后对频谱进行子模式划分,并分别与小波包熵特征进行CCA融合,把融合后的结果作为判别信息,从而实现了特征融合且消除了特征之间的信...     

双密度双树复小波变换及其在机械故障微弱特征提取中的应用

为改善经典小波变换在机械设备早期微弱故障特征提取中的不足,通过在滤波器组中引入适当的冗余度设计出双密度双树复小波基。双密度双树复小波变换具有两个尺度函数和四个小波函数,其中小波函数构成两组近似希尔伯特变换对,使双密度双树复小波基具有高度正则性、较小频带混叠和近似平移不变性等优良性质。频带分解上,双密度双树复小波变换的子频带中心频率处于经典小波变换相邻子频带的过渡区间上,能对经典小波变换难以处理的过渡带特征进行有效提取。将双密度双树复小波变换应用于重型卧式车床出厂检测,诊断出一处装配缺陷。同时结合平稳双密度双树复小波变换与相邻系数收缩策略提出改进消噪算法,将其应用于热轧机组减速箱齿轮故障特征提取中,检测出同一齿轮上的两处齿面损坏。     

双树复小波包与自适应排列熵在轴承故障诊断中的应用

针对滚动轴承信号存在大量噪声、故障特征难以提取,而双树复小波包可减少有用信息的丢失,提出双树复小波包与排列熵结合的轴承故障诊断方法。首先经双树复小波包与排列熵结合对不同层数的分量计算平均排列熵值,确定最佳分解层数;其次采用峭度值作为指标对加噪信号选取分解后的最佳分量;最后对最佳分量进行包络分析提取故障特征频率。双树复小波包与排列熵相结合确定最佳层数方法,避免了对原始信号的过分解和欠分解,从而有效应提取到故障特征。     

基于双树复小波变换与样本熵的自适应降噪法

为了实现工程机械结构监测信号降噪效果的评价,将样本熵的概念引入双树复小波分解中,提出基于双树复小波变换（dual?tree complex wavelet transform, 简称DT?CWT）与样本熵（sample entropy,简称SE）相结合的监测信号自适应降噪方法（DT?CWT?SE）。首先,采用双树复小波变换对含有噪声的监测信号进行多层分解;其次,分别计算双树复小波分解所得的各尺度细节分量样本熵与相邻尺度细节分量的样本熵的差值,通过比较相邻各尺度样本熵之差的大小确定双树复小波最优分解层数;最后,根据各尺度样本熵的变化规律确定各层小波系数的降噪阈值,对降噪后的小波系数进行重构以实现信号自适应降噪。仿真分析与实验对比结果表明：该方法对监测信号去噪较彻底,且降噪后的信号失真度小,降噪效果以及保留原信号信息完整性的能力明显优于传统小波阈值降噪法。     

双树复小波与宽度学习在轴承故障诊断的应用

针对滚动轴承时域信号难以有效提取其故障特征,且信号频谱在高低频区域内较为存在对分类无意义的冗余特征使得故障分类模型在训练过程中做无用功的问题,提出使用双树复小波进行故障特征提取。在此基础上,将双树复小波和宽度学习模型结合,提出了基于双树复小波与宽度学习的滚动轴承故障诊断方法。首先,利用双数复小波将采集到的振动信号分解为不同频带的子信号;然后提取子频带作为特征向量;最后用宽度学习对样本进行训练以完成快速故障分类。     

自适应改进双树复小波变换的齿轮箱故障诊断

针对双树复小波变换存在频率混叠以及参数需自定义的缺陷,提出自适应改进双树复小波变换的齿轮箱故障诊断方法。首先,利用双树复小波变换将信号进行分解和单支重构,采用粒子群算法将分解后分量峭度值作为适应度函数,选择双树复小波的最优分解层数;其次,对重构出的低频信号进行频谱分析提取故障特征,将单支重构后的各高频分量进行变分模态分解,通过峭度值获得各高频分量经变分模态分解后的主频率分量信号;最后,分析各主频率分量信号的频谱,识别齿轮箱的故障特征。结果表明,该方法与双树复小波变换和变分模态分解相比,不仅消除了频率混叠现象,提高了信噪比和频带选择的正确性,而且还提高了从强噪声环境中提取瞬态冲击特征的能力。     

基于DT-CWT自适应Teager能量谱的轴承早期故障诊断

针对滚动轴承早期故障特征信息难以识别以及带通滤波器参数设置依赖使用者经验等造成共振带不能有效确定并自适应提取的问题,提出了频带幅值熵的概念。在此基础上,将双树复小波变换和Teager能量谱结合,提出了基于双树复小波自适应Teager能量谱的早期故障诊断方法。首先,利用双树复小波将采集到的振动信号分解为不同频带的子信号,并计算各子带的频带幅值熵;然后,将熵值按升序排列后依次作为阈值,提取频带幅值熵大于阈值的子带,依据峭度指标确定最佳阈值,从而自适应并且有效地提取出共振带;最后,对共振带进行Teager能量谱分析,即可从中准确地识别出轴承的故障特征频率。通过信号仿真与实验数据分析验证了该方法的有效性。     

基于双树复小波包变换的钢丝绳断丝损伤信号特征信息提取研究北大核心CSCD

针对钢丝绳断丝损伤信号特征信息难以有效提取的问题,提出一种基于双树复小波包变换与奇异值分解相结合的时频域特征信息提取方法。首先将钢丝绳断丝损伤信号采用双树复小波包变换为等长的频带子信号,构造时频域空间状态矩阵,然后采用奇异值方法提取各频带子信号的奇异值,组成表征各类损伤状态的特征向量,得到钢丝绳断丝损伤信号的特征信息矩阵。采用距离可分离性判据与传统时域特征信息提取方法相比较,结果表明双数复小波包变换与奇异值分解相结合的特征信息提取方法具有更强的分类能力。     

基于双树复小波变换的心电信号去噪研究

在心电信号处理过程中,为了避免产生Gibbs振荡现象和严重的频率混叠现象,提出一种基于双树复小波变换,并结合最大后验估计确定阈值的心电信号去噪方法.文中采用了信噪比和均方误差来评价双树复小波变换和离散小波变换两种方法对心电信号的去噪效果.实验结果表明:与传统离散小波变换相比,双树复小波变换去噪更彻底,边界、纹理等特征能较好地保留,可以作为一种生物医学信号降噪处理的新方法.     

基于改进双树复小波变换的轴承多故障诊断

针对双树复小波变换产生频率混叠的缺陷,提出了改进双树复小波变换的轴承多故障诊断方法,该方法综合利用了双树复小波包变换和经验模态分解技术。首先,利用双树复小波变换将振动信号分解成不同频带的分量;然后,将各小波分量进行经验模态分解,获得各小波分量的主频率分量信号;最后,计算各小波分量的主频率分量信号的包络谱,根据包络谱识别齿轮箱轴承的故障部位和类型。通过仿真信号和齿轮箱轴承多故障振动实验信号的研究结果表明,该方法不仅消除了频率混叠现象,提高了信噪比和频带选择的正确性,而且提高了从强噪声环境中提取瞬态冲击特征的能力,能有效识别轴承的故障类型。     

Gear fault diagnosis using active noise cancellation and adaptive wavelet transform

Acoustic signal from a gear mesh with faulty gears is in general non-stationary and noisy in nature. Present work demonstrates improvement of Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) by using an active noise cancellation (ANC) method for removing the noise. The active noise cancellation technique is designed with the help of a Finite Impulse Response (FIR) based Least Mean Square (LMS) adaptive filter. The acoustic signal from the healthy gear mesh has been used as the reference signal in the adaptive filter. Inadequacy of the continuous wavelet transform to provide good time–frequency information to identify and localize the defect has been removed by processing the denoised signal using an adaptive wavelet technique. The adaptive wavelet is designed from the signal pattern and used as mother wavelet in the continuous wavelet transform (CWT). The CWT coefficients so generated are compared with the standard wavelet based scalograms and are shown to be apposite in analyzing the acoustic signal. A synthetic signal is simulated to conceptualize and evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Synthetic signal analysis also offers vital clues about the suitability of the ANC as a denoising tool, where the error signal is the denoised signal. The experimental validation of the proposed method is presented using a customized gear drive test setup by introducing gears with seeded defects in one or more of their teeth. Measurement of the angles between two or more damaged teeth with a high level of accuracy is shown to be possible using the proposed algorithm. Experiments reveal that acoustic signal analysis can be used as a suitable contactless alternative for precise gear defect identification and gear health monitoring.     

基于人体步态识别的热释电红外传感报警系统

针对热释电红外传感器对运动后静止的人体无法感应的缺点,设计了一种基于人体步态识别的热释电红外报警系统,大大提高了系统感知智能度,减少了报警的误报率.该系统利用热释电红外传感器(PIR)作为探头,将感测到人体的红外信息转换成电压信号,通过滤波、放大等信号调理以及经过数据采集后,将信号传递给单片机处理,结合人体运动特征进行...     

基于双密度双树复小波变换的局域自适应图像去噪

提出一种基于双密度双树复小波变换的局域自适应图像去噪算法。首先,分析了双密度双树复小波变换的原理及特点,给出了双变量收缩函数(BSF)的推导。然后,对噪声图像并行使用四个二维双密度离散小波变换,且行和列采用不同的滤波器组,实现对噪声图像的双密度双树复小波分解。根据小波系数的统计特性以及层内和层间系数的相关性,采用结合局域方差估计的双变量收缩函数对小波系数进行处理。用收缩后的小波系数重构去噪图像。最后,将该算法用于灰度图像和彩色图像去噪。实验结果表明：在噪声方差为30时,经该算法去噪后图像与噪声图像相比,获得最高的峰值信噪比增益达11.72dB,平均结构相似度最高增加2.7倍,复合峰值信噪比增益达11.68dB。且对不同噪声方差下的不同噪声图像,该算法在滤除噪声的同时保留更多的细节,去噪图像的视觉质量得到很大的改善。     

PARAMETERS OPTIMIZATION OF CONTINUOUS WAVELET TRANSFORM AND ITS APPLICATION IN ACOUSTIC EMISSION SIGNAL ANALYSIS OF ROLLING BEARING

Morlet wavelet is suitable to extract the impulse components of mechanical fault signals. And thus its continuous wavelet transform (CWT) has been successfully used in the field of fault diagnosis. The principle of scale selection in CWT is discussed. Based on genetic algorithm,an opti-mization strategy for the waveform parameters of the mother wavelet is proposed with wavelet en-tropy as the optimization target. Based on the optimized waveform parameters,the wavelet scalogram is used to analyze the simulated acoustic emission (AE) signal and real AE signal of rolling bearing. The results indicate that the proposed method is useful and efficient to improve the quality of CWT.     

Precise measurement of defect width in tapered roller bearing using vibration signal

The present experimental investigation is focused on establishing a robust signal processing technique to measure the width of the defect present on the outer or inner race of a tapered roller bearing. An experiment has been designed with roller bearings having various widths of seeded faults, on outer and inner races, respectively. The corresponding vibration signals have been investigated with the proposed method. This method initially denoises the vibration signal using un-decimated wavelet transform. The approximation signal has been shown to be effective for further time–frequency analysis using continuous wavelet transform (CWT). It is not only difficult but ambiguous as well to detect the entry and the exit points of the defect. The ambiguity gets reduced by using Symlet wavelet due to its linear phase nature which maintains sharpness in the signal even when there is a sudden change in signal. In the first phase of the measurement, the scalogram generated from CWT is used to measure the time duration that the roller takes to roll over the defect. However, measurement process is dramatically enhanced with the proposed ridge spectrum, which is generated from the CWT scalogram. The vertical strips drawn on the ridge spectrum corroborates well with defect width. Summarizing, the proposed method can be reckoned suitable and reliable in measuring bearing defect width in real-time from vibration signal.     

基于小波变换和ICA的滚动轴承早期故障诊断

滚动轴承早期故障诊断的关键在于如何从低信噪比混合信号中检测出显著的轴承故障特征频率。提出以连续小波变换(CWT)和独立分量分析(ICA)相结合的方法来诊断单通道信号的滚动轴承早期故障,提出按频谱等间隔选取伪中心频率的小波分解尺度,并对ICA处理后的信号进行包络频谱分析以确定故障类型。最后,利用实际的滚动轴承实验数据对该方法进行了验证。     

Wigner-Ville分布复小波相似性评价及应用

针对常规特征量对轴承早期故障不敏感问题,基于不同状态下振动信号时频分布的结构差异,融合WignerVille时频分析和复小波变换的优点,提出了基于复小波变换的Wigner-Ville时频分布相似性评价指数(WignerVille distribution-complex wavelet structural similarity,简称WVD-CWSS),实现时频分布相似性的定量评价,并用于轴承早期状态评估。首先,对振动信号进行Wigner-Ville时频分布;其次,进行复小波变换,获取不同状态下的二维时频分布结构相似性复小波指数;最后,对滚动轴承全寿命试验数据进行了对比试验。结果表明,所提取的WVDCWSS特征对滚动轴承的早期损伤更敏感。     

连续小波变换在滚动轴承故障诊断中的应用

采用连续小波分析的方法对滚动轴承振动和速度信号进行处理,提取滚动轴承故障特征。通过对滚轴承在正常、内圈剥落、外圈剥落及滚动体落情况下的振动加速度信号进行分析,验证了这种方法的有效性。     

Adaptive wavelet transform for vibration signal modelling and application in fault diagnosis of water hydraulic motor

There has been an increasing application of water hydraulics in industries due to growing concern on the environmental, health and safety issues. The fault diagnosis of water hydraulic motor is important for improving water hydraulic system reliability and performance. In this paper, fault diagnosis of water hydraulic motor in water hydraulic system is investigated based on adaptive wavelet analysis. A novel method for modelling the vibration signal based on the adaptive wavelet transform (AWT) is proposed. The linear combination of wavelets is introduced as wavelet itself and adapted for the particular vibration signal, which goes beyond adapting parameters of a fixed-shape wavelet. The AWT procedure based on the parametric optimisation by genetic algorithm (GA) is developed. The model-based method by AWT is applied to extract the features in the fault diagnosis of the water hydraulic motor. This technique for de-noising the corrupted simulation signal shows that it can improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the vibration signal. The results of the experimental signal demonstrate the characteristic vibration signal details in fine resolution. The magnitude plots of the continuous wavelet transform (CWT) show the characteristic signal's energy in time and frequency domain which can be used as feature values for fault diagnosis of water hydraulic motor.     

基于谐波小波包和BSA优化LS-SVM的铣刀磨损状态识别研究

针对铣削刀具磨损状态识别问题,提出谐波小波包和最小二乘支持向量机（LS-SVM）的状态识别方法。为克服传统小波包分解的频带交叠问题,采用谐波小波包提取不同磨损状态下铣削力信号的各频段信号能量,归一化处理后,输入LS-SVM多类分类器,实现铣削刀具磨损状态的识别。针对LS-SVM的惩罚因子和核参数对模型识别精度影响较大的问题,提出回溯搜索算法（BSA）进行自动参数寻优。实验结果表明,谐波小波包比小波包在刀具磨损状态特征提取时具有更好的识别效果。与粒子群算法进行比较,证明BSA优化LS-SVM具有更高的识别精度。