生物化学处理有机废气基础：甲苯液相生化降解实验研究

通过实验，研究适合于甲苯生化降解的微生物菌种以及甲苯液相生化降解规律，为研究采用生物膜填料塔净化低浓度有机废气奠定基础。实验研究结果表明，球菌类微生物为适宜菌，且甲苯的液相生化降解规律可用Ｌａｗｒｅｎｃｅ－Ｍｅｃａｒｔｙ公式加以描述。     

生物法净化低浓度甲苯废气装置及其操作特性

对生物法净化低浓度甲苯废气的适宜装置及其操作特性的研究表明,生物膜填料塔对低浓度甲苯废气的净化性能优于筛板塔及鼓泡塔;生物膜填料塔采用逆流并在液气比0.03～0.1、气速（30～60）m·h~(-1)的条件下操作时,低浓度甲苯废气净化效率可保持在90％以上．经实验验证,本生物膜填料塔对废气中甲苯的同系物同样具有净化作用．并且对再生胶厂、印刷厂、铸造厂、油漆厂等企业的实际生产废气也有良好的净化效果．     

生物膜法净化低浓度硫化氢气体的试验研究

论述了采用生物膜填料塔净化低浓度Ｈ２Ｓ气体的可行性。研究表明：构成生物膜的脱硫杆菌对废气中低浓度Ｈ２Ｓ气体有很强的生化去除能力,生物膜填料对废气中的Ｈ２Ｓ的生化去除量可达９５．１ｇ／（ｍ３填料·ｈ）,而且当入口的Ｈ２Ｓ气体的浓度在２．３ｇ／ｍ３以下时,生物膜填料塔的净化效率在８８％以上。     

生物法净化低浓度甲苯废气研究

研究了不同气体入口浓度、填料层高度、操作方式下生物膜填料塔对低浓度甲苯废气的净化性能,并对净化过程控制步骤进行了探索。     

生物化学法处理有机废气基础──甲苯液相生化降解实验研究

通过实验，研究适合于甲苯生化降解的微生物菌种以及甲苯液相生化降解规律，为研究采用生物膜填料塔净化低浓度有机废气奠定基础。实验研究结果表明，球菌类微生物为适宜菌种，且甲苯的液相生化降解规律可用Ｌａｗｒｅｎｃｅ－Ｍｅｃａｒｔｙ公式加以描述。     

生物膜填料床内含有生化反应的多相传输模型

废气处理生物膜滴滤塔的多孔填料床内是带有气液两相流动、有机污染物扩散、生物膜内生化反应的复杂生化反应体系.在平行平板理论模型基础上,建立了生物膜多孔填料床内含生化反应的多元多相流动及传输特性的多相混合模型,获得了废气处理生物膜滴滤塔净化效率的理论计算方法.模型的理论预测值与生物膜滴滤塔净化低浓度甲苯废气的实验结果基本吻合.     

生物膜填料塔净化低浓度有机废气的动力学模型研究

为了开展生物化学法净化处理低浓度有机废气的理论及应用研究，针对生物膜填料塔建立了甲苯生化降解反应的动力学模型，对比验证的结果表明，模拟计算值与实验值之间有很好的相关性（相关系数Ｒ＞０．９６），故可利用这一模式由已知的操作参数对生物膜填料塔的净化效果进行预测。     

生物膜填料塔净化二氧化硫废气初探

介绍生物法净化SO2 和其他含硫废气净化的原理及国内外近年的应用研究,对生物填料塔净化SO2 废气进行了初步的实验研究。结果表明,在温度为 20~25℃、循环液流量为 20L/h、气体流量为 0. 1~0. 3m3 /h、进气浓度为 500~5 000mg/m3 的条件下,应用先期培养驯化的硫细菌挂膜制作的生物膜填料塔对SO2 气体有较好的净化能力,净化效率达 90%以上,生化去除量可达 100mg/L·h。     

生化法填料对粘胶纤维低浓度废气处理效果的影响

生化法处理粘胶纤维低浓度废气是一种新型的废气处理工艺,具有基建投资少、运行费用低、便于管理的特点。对其处理工艺效果的诸多影响因素中,生化塔填料是影响处理效果的关键因素。介绍了生化法处理粘胶纤维低浓度废气的工艺原理,和生化塔填料的物理化学特性、类型及填料层高度等对废气生化塔的效能影响。     

生物膜法在废气中有机物去除的应用现状及发展趋势

当今社会有机废气污染治理已经成为大气污染防治工作的重点内容之一。首先,综合性叙述了含有有机物的废气主要来源,对人体、对环境、对生态危害。其次,探讨了生物膜法去除废气中有机物的作用原理、研究现状和当今该技术在运用过程中的不足之处;最后从生物膜填料、生化反应动力学和优势种群的研究等3个方面分析了生物膜法有机废气处理工艺发展趋势,为生物膜法在废气中有机物去除中的应用提供一定参考。     

表面活性剂吸收法治理甲苯废气的中试实验

采用添加表面活性剂的填料塔来吸收治理甲苯废气，探讨了水-吸收剂的吸收机理，筛选出适合吸收甲苯的表面活性剂。考察了喷淋量、入口废气中的甲苯浓度和表面活性剂添加量这3个因素对甲苯去除率的影响。通过实验分析所得到的结果表明，对甲苯来说表面活性剂对去除率的影响最大，喷淋液体流量次之，入口浓度的影响最小。当条件满足时，最高去除效率可以达到90．6％(质量)，甲苯废气可以达标排放。     

陶瓷球填料生物滴滤塔降解甲苯废气

The Purification experiments of waste gas containing low concentration toluene were made in trickling biofilter with ceramic spheres. The effects of liquid flow rate,gas flow rate,pH of circulation liquid, and toluene concentration in inlet gas on the purification efficiency of trickling biofilter were investigated. The pressure drop of the trickling biofilter was also measured during experiments.Increasing liquid flow rate and gas flow rate resulted in the decrease of purification efficiency of trickling biofilter. The highest purification efficiency of trickling biofilter was found at the circulation liquid pH of 7. The porosity of the packing material at the inlet of gas was higher than that at the outlet of gas in biofilter after continuous operation in 50 days. The decrease in the porosity of packing material caused a great increase in the pressure drop of the biofilter.     

Biodegradation of aromatic hydrocarbons in a compost biofilter

Two laboratory‐scale biofilters filled with the same type of packing material were operated at different gas flow rates and influent concentrations of toluene and xylene in order to investigate their performance in treating waste gas streams. The columns contained a mixture of municipal compost as a base material and wood chips as a bulking agent in an 80:20 ratio; the porosity was 54%. Microbial acclimation was achieved by addition of nutrient‐enriched solution along with pollutants for a week by daily mixing and natural aeration. During the start‐up of the systems with inlet concentrations of 20 and 70 ppm for toluene and xylene, respectively, high biomass growth resulted in pressure drops in excess of 2000 Pam^?1. Under steady state conditions, the response of each biofilter to variations in contaminant mass loading was studied by either changing the influent concentration or flow rate of the inlet waste stream. The results show that organic loading rates of up to 110 and 150 gm^?3h^?1 can be handled without any indication of the elimination capacity being saturated. However, maintaining the pressure drop below 1000 Pam^?1 to avoid operational problems, optimal organic loading rates for toluene and xylene of 78 ± 8 and 80 ± 14 gm^?3h^?1 respectively are suggested for an HRT value of 60 s. Under these conditions, elimination capacities of 73 ± 4 and 73 ± 14 gm^?3h^?1 and removal efficiencies of 94 ± 6% and 91 ± 8% were achieved for toluene and xylene, respectively. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry     

生物滴滤塔处理甲苯工艺过程的影响因素研究

采用陶粒为填料的生物滴滤塔降解甲苯,实验研究了浓度和气、液体流量对甲苯降解能力的影响,实验结果表明,随着气、液体流量的增大,净化效率降低。对影响气体进出口温差的因素和填料床内液膜温度分布的结果进行实测和分析发现：进口甲苯浓度和液体流量、气体进出口温差成正比,而与气体流量成反比。液膜在填料床内的温度分布是沿塔高先降低后升高。     

Measurements and modeling of heat generation in a trickling biofilter for biodegradation of a low concentration volatile organic compound (VOC)

The experimental and theoretical heat generation behavior of a trickling biofilter treating toluene is discussed. The experimental results show that the temperature of the packed bed has a significant effect on the purification performance of the trickling biofilter and that an optimal operation temperature exists between 30 and 40 °C. During the gas–liquid co-current flow, the temperature in the packed bed gradually rises along the direction of the gas and liquid flow due to the exothermic biodegradation of toluene. The temperature rise between the inlet and outlet of the trickling biofilter increases with an increase in the gas flow rate and inlet toluene concentration. In addition, a larger liquid flow rate leads to a smaller temperature rise. The heat generation process occurring in the trickling biofilter is modeled by representing the packed bed as an equivalent set of parallel capillary tubes covered by the biofilm. The temperature profile in the packed bed during the liquid–gas co-current flow is analyzed by simultaneously solving the problem of gas–liquid two-phase flow and heat and mass transfer through the liquid film and biofilm. It is shown that the model agrees well with the experimental data, predicting the variations of the temperature rise between the inlet and outlet of trickling biofilter with the increasing gas and liquid flow rates.     

生物法处理苯、甲苯废气的工艺性能及动力学研究

研究了生物滴滤塔处理低质量浓度苯、甲苯混合废气的工艺性能及动力学模型拟合效果。在进气量600 L/h,循环液喷淋量20 L/h的操作条件下,生物滴滤塔对低质量浓度苯、甲苯混合气体有很好的去除效果,苯的去除率在65%左右,甲苯的去除率在93%左右。从生物反应器中分离筛选出1株能够降解苯、甲苯污染物的高效菌L4,通过Sherlock脂肪酸鉴定系统分析,匹配值SI为0.884,基本确定该菌株属于Bacillus.sp。采用吸附-生物膜理论进行动力学分析,与实验数据相比有良好的相关性,相关系数苯R2=0.999 5、甲苯R2=0.999 6。     

生物滴滤床法降解二氯甲烷废气的因素影响特征

二氯甲烷作为溶剂广泛应用于制药行业,其挥发性废气对人类健康和大气环境的危害极大。本文采用生物滴滤床对某制药厂浓度范围在0.02~2g/m³的二氯甲烷废气进行了为期132天的中试规模实验。在适宜的停留时间、温度、喷淋量和pH等实验条件下,控制适当的进气浓度可得到高效去除效率并且废气出口浓度达标。实验揭示了生物膜内生物降解是过程的限制因素,结果表明,在喷淋量为1200L/h、进气浓度范围为0.45~0.65g/m³时该生物系统去除效率最高可达98.9%,最大去除负荷可达EC_max=155.25g/(m³·h)。随着进气浓度的增加,去除负荷随之增大,而去除效率下降,废气出口浓度超标,表明生物滴滤系统已处于反应控制。此外,间歇实验表明,该生物系统具有良好的稳定性。指出生物滴滤床的设计、运行取决于当地的二氯甲烷废气排放标准。