发酵刺梨干红酵母菌的鉴定及优良菌株的筛选

本试验对8株从法国引进发酵刺梨干红的酵母菌进行形态学、生理生化学及分子生物学分类鉴定;并结合刺梨干红生产特点,检测其发酵性能、抗逆性能等指标。经比较筛选出RC212号葡萄汁酵母（Saccharomyces uvarum）与DV10号汉氏德巴利氏酵母（Debaryomyces hansenii）两菌株,其均表现出较强的发酵性能及生产适应性能,为“刺梨干红工业化生产技术研究”提供了试验菌株。     

具有耐糖特性高发酵度酵母的紫外选育及其特性研究

以实验室保藏的2株耐糖酵母为出发菌株,采用紫外诱变法对这2株酵母进行诱变处理,选育出耐高糖且具有高发酵度的酵母菌株并进行特性研究。结果表明:紫外诱变条件为30 W紫外灯,照射距离50 cm,对于酵母CX1菌株照射时间为(60~150)s,而CXJ-1菌株照射时间为(120~150)s;诱变后菌株的耐糖特性和产酒精特性均有提高,菌株CX13对糖、SO_2、pH及酒精的最大耐受浓度分别为65%、500 mg/L、1.5、14%vol。且菌株发酵度比工业菌株提高6%,酒精度提高1.4%vol,具有很好的研究价值和应用前景。     

高产酵母菌Co-158生理特性研究

对经60Co诱变筛选得到的高产酒精酵母Co-158菌株的耐酒精性、耐糖性、耐酸性、耐盐性进行研究,结果表明,Co-158菌株耐酒精能力强,在含乙醇19%vol的麦芽汁培养基中10h可发酵;耐糖能力高,在葡萄糖浓度达到55%(w/v)时可发酵;耐酸碱能力强,在pH值为2.5～13.0范围内可发酵;耐盐能力强,在11%(w/v)盐溶液中仍然可发酵.     

植酸对刺梨果酒发酵作用及酵母菌生长影响研究

本文利用植酸作为发酵促进剂,应用于刺梨果酒发酵中,研究其对酵母菌的生长繁殖及刺梨酒发酵作用的影响,结果如下:(1)添加植酸能缩短发酵周期、降低刺梨果酒的残糖量,提高发酵的酒精度;(2)添加植酸能促进酵母菌的增殖,促进酵母细胞出芽,使其提前进入对数生长期;(3)植酸使酵母的耐酒精能力提高;(4)试验条件下植酸最佳添加量0.08%。     

一株刺梨非酿酒酵母的分离鉴定、生理特性及混菌发酵研究

为获得适合刺梨果酒酿造的非酿酒酵母菌株,从刺梨自然发酵液中分离优质非酿酒酵母,通过形态学与26S rDNA序列分析来鉴定菌株;从葡萄糖耐受性、柠檬酸耐受性、酒精耐受性、二氧化硫耐受性、单宁耐受性、β-糖苷酶产生能力、硫化氢产生能力等方面分析菌株的生理特征;与酿酒酵母混合发酵刺梨果汁,从发酵刺梨果酒常规理化指标、感官品评以及香气物质方面探讨非酿酒酵母对刺梨果酒品质的影响。结果表明,利用赖氨酸筛选培养基从刺梨果实上筛选出80株非酿酒酵母,嗅闻法筛选出一株产香浓郁的菌株F13。形态学与分子生物学鉴定结果表明,F13为一株刺梨来源的葡萄汁有孢汉逊酵母;该菌株可耐受浓度为300 g/L葡萄糖、3%乙醇、3%柠檬酸、300 mg/L SO₂以及25 g/L单宁处理。但酒精耐受性和β-糖苷酶产生能力不及酿酒酵母X16。此外,F13菌株不产硫化氢。F13与酿酒酵母混合发酵可降低刺梨果酒的酒精度和挥发酸,增加残糖量,分别为11.1%±0.39%、(0.67±0.03)g/L、(20.41±1.44)g/L。F13不影响刺梨果酒的感官品评,但可有效增加刺梨果酒中醇类物质的种类和含量,降低酯类物质种类和含量。本研究从刺梨自然发酵液中得到一株非酿酒酵母F13,对酿酒环境具有较优的耐受性(耐糖、酸、酒精度、二氧化硫),具有一定的工业化应用潜能。     

甘蔗内生酵母菌的分离鉴定及发酵性能

为研究甘蔗内生酵母菌的种类并筛选出发酵性能良好的酵母菌株,该文采用组织分离法对甘蔗中的内生酵母菌进行分离,通过形态学、生理生化以及26S rDNA D1/D2区序列分析法进行鉴定。利用杜氏管发酵法初筛产气性能较好的菌株,确定筛选菌株的最适生长条件,然后采用摇瓶发酵法对其进行耐糖、耐盐以及耐酒精等耐受性试验,复筛出发酵性能优良的菌株。结果表明,从甘蔗中共分离得到内生酵母菌63株,鉴定为8种：葡萄有孢汉逊酵母(Hanseniaspora uvarum)、季也蒙毕赤酵母(Meyerozyma guiliermondii)、汉逊德巴利酵母(Debaryomyces hansenii)、嗜油假丝酵母(Candida oleophila)、类筒假丝酵母(Candida zeylanoides)、异常威克汉姆酵母(Wickerhamomyces anomalus)、Cystobasidium minutum以及Papiliotrema terrestris。从63株酵母菌中,筛选一株生长性能和发酵性能优良的菌株J-6,在温度26℃、pH5.0的条件下,24 h时生长速率达到最大值,其最大值为1.99...     

高适应性面包酵母菌株的杂交选育

为了改善耐高糖酵母在不同含糖量面团中的发酵力,首先制备了2 4 0株耐高糖酵母单倍体,通过高麦芽糖发酵筛选培养基筛选出了2 8株麦芽糖发酵性能良好的单倍体菌株,通过测定这些单倍体在无糖面团中的发酵力,发现9株单倍体菌株的发酵力优于或等于其亲本,其中4株为a型,5株为α型。通过它们之间的杂交得到2 0 0株杂交株,在无糖、中糖、高糖面团中测定这些杂交株的发酵力,获得4株在不同含糖量(0～30 % )面团中都具有高发酵力的高适应性面包酵母杂交株。研究表明,来自同一亲本单倍体之间的杂交有可能改善面包酵母的某些特征。     

香格里拉葡萄酒产区野生酿酒酵母的分离鉴定和发酵性能研究

对香格里拉葡萄酒产区中的野生酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)进行分离鉴定,对鉴定出的98株酿酒酵母进行抗性评价以及发酵特性分析。运用杜氏管发酵法从98株酿酒酵母中选取16株起发早、发酵速度快、产香好的菌株,然后对这16株酿酒酵母进行耐糖、耐酒精、耐氯化钠以及耐高温等抗性评价,最终选出DW4-3、DS3-8、DS2-5、DS3-6、JP2-3等5株可以耐受500 g/L葡萄糖,120 g/L氯化钠,14%vol酒精和耐55℃高温的酿酒酵母菌株做下一步的模拟酒精发酵和酿酒试验。最后对不同菌株发酵葡萄酒的理化性质进行综合分析,菌株DS2-5所酿干红葡萄酒总糖、酒精度和总酸均符合干红葡萄酒国家标准,且在干浸出物,总酚和单宁含量等方面表现突出,干浸出物和总酚含量高于商业酵母F15,色调和商业酵母无显著性差异。     

黄酒酿造酵母耐受性能的研究

分析研究了4株黄酒工业常用的酿造酵母(HJ1、HJ2、HJ3和HJ4)在胁迫条件下(高浓度酒精、高浓度糖等)的耐受性能.结果表明,所测定菌株普遍都能耐受10%vol的酒精,其中HJ2表现出较强的耐受能力,而HJ1则最弱,其发酵失重仅为HJ2的62.6%;在40%的高糖浓度下,HJI生长受抑制程度最小;除HJ1仅能耐受1.2 mol/L氯化钾的渗透压外,所有酵母都能在1.8 mol/L的高渗透压下生长,其中HJ4受抑制程度最小;在54 g/L的高浓度乳酸条件下,HJ3和HJ1表现出较强的发酵能力;HJ4营养饥饿耐受性最强,饥饿9d后细胞仍有存活率.对清酒酵母(K-7)耐受性能的研究,发现其耐高浓度糖和高浓度乳酸能力明显较黄酒酵母要弱,在高糖浓度下其菌体浓度仅为HJ1的50.3%,而在高浓度乳酸下发酵总失重仅为HJ3的47.4%.     

安琪W-ADY在葡萄酒酿造中的应用研究

葡萄酒生产中应用W-ADY比自然野生酵母好.每1 gW-ADY含200亿以上细胞,活细胞率大于80%,含水量小于8%.研究结果表明,其发酵彻底,糖分利用率高,总糖发酵率达95%～98%;耐酒精能力高达11%～12%(v/v);耐SO2能力达8.0×10-5～1.2×10-4;能在低温(15～20℃)下正常发酵;发酵结束后,酵母凝聚性能好;接种量为葡萄汁重的1/万～2/万,扩培后加入葡萄汁发酵.(孙悟)     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the