数码相机面板注塑成型熔接痕控制分析

数码相机面板为薄壁塑料件,并且结构呈框状,内部存在孔洞,因此注塑成型之后内部易形成熔接痕,而熔接痕的存在直接影响塑件的外观和机械特性。文章借助模流分析软件Moldflow,对塑件的注塑成型进行模拟分析。以此来优化浇注系统和成型工艺参数,最终使熔接痕置于塑件不重要的部位,数量减少,并提高熔接痕强度。     

基于CAE的剃须刀盖注塑成型分析

运用Moldflow软件进行剃须刀盖的注塑成型设计,对充模时间,注射压力、体积收缩、气穴、熔接痕和翘曲变形等进行模拟分析,根据结果有针对性地优化模具设计方案,解决了实际生产中会出现的制品缺陷问题,从而可以提高制品质量,缩短模具设计制造和产品开发周期。     

基于Moldflow的电器保护盒注塑浇口优化设计

利用Moldflow软件对电器保护盒注塑成型的不同浇口设计方案进行了模流分析,从充填时间、充填结束时的总体温度、气穴、熔接痕和翘曲变形量等方面进行了综合对比,最终确定了最佳的浇口设计方案,大大缩短了产品开发周期,提高了企业生产效率。     

Moldflow充填分析在抽屉注塑模优化设计中的应用

为了改进抽屉制品的外观质量,运用Moldflow软件对抽屉制品浇口位置进行预分析,确定了浇口位置。分析熔接痕产生的原因,调整制品壁厚后将模型导入Moldflow进行分析,熔接痕缺陷在有明显改善,主要外观面熔接痕消失,试模后产品符合设计要求。结果表明,在注塑模产品设计中使用Moldflow进行模拟分析,可较好的优化注塑成型工艺,减少试模次数,缩短产品的开发周期。     

基于Moldflow的电机盖注塑成型分析

运用Moldflow软件进行电机盖的注塑成型设计。通过最佳浇口位置分析确定了浇口的形式和进入型腔的位置,并对其进行流动和翘曲的模拟分析,预测可能存在的熔接痕位置、翘曲变形量和气穴分布等缺陷。根据结果有针对性地优化模具设计方案,解决了实际生产中会出现的制品缺陷问题,从而可以提高制品质量,缩短模具设计制造和产品开发周期。     

基于CAE分析的汽车通风盖板注塑模具设计

针对汽车通风盖板塑件瘦长形、体积大、形状不规则而易产生注射成型缺陷的问题,笔者采用Moldflow分析了注塑成型工艺,设计了热流道大型复杂注塑模具。通过采用顺序阀技术5点进胶,实现熔体平衡填充,有效抑制了塑件的翘曲变形,成功消除了熔料填充不足、熔接痕和变形过大等成型缺陷。经试模,所制塑件满足量产要求。     

CAE技术在轿车保险杠浇口设计中的应用

采用Moldflow／MPI注塑分析软件,针对桥车保险杠大型复杂注塑品的整个注塑成型过程进行注塑参数预分析,确定了制件成型的参数。并在此基础上对3种成型方案进行了流变模拟分析。模拟熔融体在型腔中的填充、保压情况,准确预测了制件成型过程中的熔接痕和收缩等情况,通过分析结果的比较,确定了优化的成型方案,并进行了相应的实验。结果表明,该方法不仅验证了CAE模拟结果的准确性,还可以为其他类似的加工提供一定的技术支持。图8表1参10     

车灯面罩注射成型的工艺参数优化

运用CAE软件Moldflow模拟了车灯面罩塑料熔体在模具模腔中的流动、保压、冷却过程,预测制品可能发生的翘曲、气穴、熔接痕等缺陷,据此进行了模具结构和注塑工艺参数优化,提高了一次试模的成功率,加快了模具开发进度,进而缩短产品开发周期,提高企业的配套能力和产品质量。     

注塑成型熔接痕的研究现状

通过总结近年来注塑成型熔接痕的研究现状,阐述熔接痕的形成机理,综述较经典的熔接痕强度预测模型及熔接痕自动识别算法等熔接痕强度预测研究,并从微观角度归纳了对熔接痕的研究,指出成型工艺中熔体温度、模具温度及注射压力是影响熔接痕的主要因素。在传统注塑成型基础上,介绍了快速变模温注塑成型等注塑成型新技术和改进模具结构2种改善熔接痕的新方法。     

基于Moldflow的电池外壳注塑成型研究

通过Moldflow对电池外壳三维模型网格划分与修复,构建了浇注系统和冷却回路,并进行了填充、流动、翘曲模拟分析,预测制品在成型过程中是否会出现短射、气穴、熔接痕、翘曲等问题。结果表明,所研究的电池外壳制品可能会出现剪切应力过大、熔接痕等问题,需要针对性的注意并改进,以保证制品质量,提高生产效率。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.