针对大多普勒频率偏移的PN码快速捕获与解调

扩频技术应用于高速移动环境时使得接收信号附加了很大的多普勒频率偏移,增加了捕获难度,如低轨道卫星扩频通信等.本文在基于FFT的捕获方法基础上,提出了分段式数字匹配滤波器和FFT捕获相结合的捕获方法,同时采用基于并行导频的信道估计方法来校正多普勒频率偏移,实现信号的正确解调.该方法既具快速捕获的特点,同时捕获多普勒频率偏移范围大.     

高集成度射频收发器的差分正交调制解调测试与工程实现

针对高集成度射频收发器(AD9361)实现差分正交调制解调(DQPSK)收发过程中存在的工程实现问题,采用理论分析与硬件平台实现相结合的方法测试AD9361,验证DQPSK调制解调;先通过Serial Peripheral Interface(SPI)接口测试AD9361自发自收,采用点积叉积方法实现了DQPSK的调制解调;配置AD9361过程中,通过测试定位初始化后AD9361输出端无波形、通过示波器观察发现AD9361发射与接收本振时域波形扭曲、频谱仪观察AD9361输出端谐波分量严重、DQPSK解调时发射本振与接收本振存在随机相位误差4个疑难问题,分别通过采用降低SPI时钟频率为10 MHz、AD9361芯片的系统时钟更改设置为40 MHz、初始化过程中输出端频率设置为1.4 GHz、DQPSK的解调采用点积叉积方式进行解调4种方法予以解决;实验结果表明4个相关问题解决效果良好,所实现的DQPSK收发性能可靠。     

针对大多普勒频率偏移的PN码快速捕获与解调

扩频技术应用于高速移动环境时使得接收信号附加了很大的多普勒频率偏移,增加了捕获难度,如低轨道卫星扩频通信等。本文在基于FFT的捕获方法基础上,提出了分段式数字匹配滤波器和FFT捕获相结合的捕获方法,同时采用基于并行导频的信道估计方法来校正多普勒频率偏移,实现信号的正确解调。该方法既具快速捕获的特点,同时捕获多普勒频率偏移范围大。     

基于叉积鉴频器的FM信号数字化解调实现

关于无线通信系统调频问题的研究,为了克服脉冲计数式鉴频法的不足,为提高调频的性能,提出利用叉积鉴频法对FM(FrequencyModu lation)信号进行数字化解调实现方案。将前端预处理后的I/Q正交双路基带信号送入叉积鉴频器中,然后利用差积和点积来求得信号的近似反正切值。方法克服了脉冲计数式鉴频法由于计算原理复杂导致不能适用高速信号处理的局限,最大电路工作频率可达到206MHz,同时具有较好的抗载频失配特性。通过在Matlab上进行仿真和Modelsim硬件描述语言仿真,均具有较好的解调仿真效果,验证了方案的可行性。     

半无数据调制信号体制设计

分布式系统的节点时间自同步通常采用双向单程伪距测量（dual one-way ranging,DOWR）的方法来实现。针对DOWR中存在双向多路径时延差异,基于双支路半无数据调制技术,提出采用BOC（binary offset carrier）调制克服多路径误差。半无数据调制是指同相支路不调制数据,主要完成信号的捕获及跟踪,数据的解调在调制数据的正交支路上完成。为提高同相支路信号的捕获跟踪精度,增强正交支路数据的传输可靠性和抗干扰能力,分别对PSK-R（1）、PSK-R（10）、BOC（1,1）和BOC（10,5）等信号调制样式进行了对比分析。仿真结果表明,采用BOC（10,5）调制有效地提高了信号的码跟踪精度,增强了信号的抗多径和抗干扰能力。     

高动态直扩接收机载波跟踪技术研究

机载或弹载的扩频接收机由于接收机载体的高动态特性,导致接收信号具有显著的多普勒频移。针对高动态环境下扩频信号的载波捕获与跟踪问题,分析研究了几种适合的扩频信号跟踪的频率估计算法,并设计了采用四相鉴频器、符号叉积自动频率跟踪算法和科斯塔斯环相混合进行载波跟踪的一整套方案。     

高灵敏度GPS软件接收机开发平台

介绍了GPS软件接收机开发平台的软、硬件结构,重点阐述了基于频域的捕获算法和基于时域的跟踪算法,对导航数据的解调、同步、卫星的星历获取、用户位置解算以及信号仿真模块等做了简单描述,并利用实测数据进行了验证。实验结果表明,开发平台的几何定位精度因子PDOP=2.3534,与传统的硬件接收机相当。开发平台还可以产生多颗卫星、不同中频频率、各种多普勒频移和不同C/A码相位的GPS仿真信号,用于对GPS软件接收机的捕获算法和跟踪算法进行研究和验证。目前采用的捕获算法可以捕获信噪比为-37dB的微弱信号,相对于常规的-19dB的信号门限,灵敏度提高了18dB。     

基于MF-FRFT伪码捕获算法研究

针对高动态环境下接收机的接收信号含有较大多普勒频率及其变化率,传统捕获方法无法对多普勒频率变化率进行有效补偿等问题,提出了一种基于分数阶傅里叶变换的捕获方法。所提算法尝试采用匹配滤波器与分数阶傅里叶变换相结合的方法,利用在高动态环境下载波多普勒呈现近似线性调频信号的特点,寻找变换后峰值所在位置即可对多普勒频率和频率变化率进行有效估计,无需进行频域搜索,大大节省了捕获时间。理论分析和仿真验证表明,本文提出的基于分段分数阶傅里叶变换捕获方法,解决了传统方法在高动态环境下难以对信号多普勒变化率进行有效补偿的问题,尤其在低信噪比情况下,更好地提高了接收机捕获概率、缩短了捕获时间。     

基于批处理的改进FFT微弱信号捕获算法及其实现研究

为了解决GPS微弱信号的快速捕获问题,在基于FFT捕获方法的基础上,改进过去的相干积分或非相干积分,提出了一种新的改进微弱信号捕获算法,采用批处理方式提高捕获增益,并运用多普勒补偿,提高信号累加时间容限,进一步提高信号捕获灵敏度。大量仿真测试表明,该方法较传统的FFT算法,捕获概率大为提高,最后在FPGA上对该方案进行了具体实现。     

基于LabVIEW的石英音叉陀螺闭环驱动的实现

分析了石英音叉陀螺驱动端幅频相频特性,设计了LabVIEW控制算法,使陀螺工作在最佳频率点;首先根据机电等效理论得出陀螺等效电路中串联支路电流等效于驱动端叉指振动速度,且串联支路电流在不同频率点处对频率的敏感度不同,然后通过对陀螺进行扫频得到了陀螺驱动端幅频相频特性,最后,基于在谐振频率点附近陀螺驱动端相频特性呈线性关系,设计了LabVIEW控制算法;根据该算法.设置相位分别为0°和～4°,40min内这两个谐振频率点处驱动反馈信号的标准差分别为1.4728e-005v、1.9229e-005v(1σ),因此,0相位处为较理想工作点,设置参考相位为各个谐振频率点的对应相位,通过比较可确定陀螺的最佳谐振频率点,提高陀螺驱动端的振动稳定性.     

水声通信自适应多普勒频移补偿仿真研究

在水声通信中,当收发双方存在一定加速度时,传统的多普勒频移补偿误差较大,影响码元同步并降低接收性能.为了补偿加速度下的多普勒频移,提出一种自适应多普勒频移补偿方法,在均衡的同时利用最大似然函数计算插值因子并对信号进行线性插值,以补偿加速度引起的每帧数据内不断变化多普勒频移.通过计算机仿真,验证了该方法的有效性,并将其与传统方法进行了性能对比.由于不需要加入专用的数据用来检测多普勒频移,所以还可以提高一定的频带利用率或功率利用率.     

Doppler properties of radars in circular orbits

Abstract

Expressions are presented for Doppler frequency shift, Doppler bandwidth, zero Doppler offset angle in spacecraft yaw and, in the SAR mode, the rate of Doppler frequency modulation, azimuth time-bandwidth product, resolution, available integration time and the location of principal azimuth ambiguities. The equations are simply expressed with virtually no approximations based on angles referenced to the satellite. Earth rotation is included, as is the geosynchronous case. (These results differ from expressions to be found elsewhere in the literature, most of which have been derived using flat-Earth approximations.).     

Time–frequency analysis for moving ship targets in GEO spaceborne/airborne bistatic SAR imaging based on a GEO satellite transmitter

The track of a synthetic aperture radar (SAR) system mounted on a geosynchronous orbit (GEO) satellite can be curvilinear. GEO spaceborne/airborne bistatic (SA-Bi) SAR, which employs a GEO satellite as a transmitter and an aeroplane that works on the ‘receive-only’ mode as a receiver, is distinct from general bistatic SAR systems. During coherent integration time, the rotation of ship targets results in a time-varying Doppler frequency shift that produces a smeared Doppler spectrum and a blurred image after Fourier transform. This article mainly studies the time–frequency characteristics of ship targets in a GEO SA-Bi SAR system. First, the geometric model of a GEO SA-Bi SAR in ship target imaging is built, and the Doppler frequency shift function induced by target rotation is derived in detail. Then, the instantaneous frequency characteristics of moving targets are analytically calculated based on the time–frequency analysis method. Moreover, a rotation target imaging strategy of GEO SA-Bi SAR based on the time–frequency analysis method is proposed and tested with simulation data, which demonstrates the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed method.     

基于多普勒测速的水下传感器时间同步算法

时间同步是水下传感器网络的关键技术,由于海洋中采用水声通信时传播时延高且存在多普勒频移,导致使用射频通信的陆上时间同步算法无法直接应用于水下环境。基于多普勒测速原理和节点在水下的移动性,提出一种新型的时间同步CD-Sync算法。利用具有聚类特性的分簇模型选择合理的簇首节点,并与水面信标节点进行簇内同步,且在同步过程中,同步节点利用多普勒原理估算节点间的相对移动速度,从而计算节点间的传播延迟。实验结果表明,与基于分簇时间同步MU-Sync算法和分布式时间同步NU-Sync算法相比,该算法可在缩短节点间距离并加快节点间同步收敛速度的同时,有效提高时间同步的精度。     

Dynamics of ultra low flying sliders during contact with a lubricated disk

In this paper, laser Doppler vibrometry is used to study the motion of a femto slider in the vertical, pitch, roll, off-track and down-track direction due to slider–lubricant interactions. The change in slider dynamics is determined by comparing the laser Doppler vibrometer signals from the slider for time increments of 2 min. The time evolution of this signal is analyzed. The data suggest that slider–lubricant interactions at the head-disk interface have a strong effect on slider dynamics. Spectral analysis of the slider motion indicates that excitation occurs at the same frequency for all degrees of freedom. The excitation frequency is slightly lower than the free vibration frequency, suggesting that lubricant damping plays a role in the excitation of the slider.     

Feature extraction by autoregressive spectral analysis using maximum likelihood estimation: internal carotid arterial Doppler signals

Abstract: In this study, Doppler signals recorded from the internal carotid artery (ICA) of 97 subjects were processed by personal computer using classical and model-based methods. Fast Fourier transform (classical method) and autoregressive (model-based method) methods were selected for processing the ICA Doppler signals. The parameters in the autoregressive method were found by using maximum likelihood estimation. The Doppler power spectra of the ICA Doppler signals were obtained by using these spectral analysis techniques. The variations in the shape of the Doppler spectra as a function of time were presented in the form of sonograms in order to obtain medical information. These Doppler spectra and sonograms were then used to compare the applied methods in terms of their frequency resolution and the effects in determination of stenosis and occlusion in the ICA. Reliable information on haemodynamic alterations in the ICA can be obtained by evaluation of these sonograms.     

Application of Different Frequency Domain Detectors in Radar Moving Target Detection

Moving target detection (MTD) technique is designed to filtering out the clutters. The basis of the MTD digital signal processor is a bank of Doppler filters designed using FFT algorithm. For high pulse repetition frequency (HPRF), it leads to a long time calculations and great complexity in hardware implementation. Frequency domain detector is represented by Welch method Realized Doppler filters bank which will reduce the time calculation. The proposed method enhances the target detection capabilities by p...     

多普勒雷达/光纤捷联惯导组合导航同步方法研究

针对采用ARINC429总线通信的多普勒雷达/光纤捷联惯导直升机机载自主组合导航系统的时间同步问题,提出了一种有效的多普勒雷达同惯导间的软件同步方法;通过判断ARINC429总线上多普勒雷达信号的Label位标志,结合光纤捷联惯导的5ms中断时刻和嵌入式导航计算机提供的计时器,采用插值和外推的方法实现了多普勒雷达与光纤捷联惯导间信号的同步;最后对所设计的系统进行了长航时地面动态跑车试验,系统经同步后的的定位精度验证了所提方法的合理性和有效性。     

基于GPS软件接收机的C/A码捕获算法

为了尽量减少导航电文数据比特跳变带来的影响,在基于FFT的并行码相位搜索算法的基础上,采用两相邻毫秒数据进行捕获,再利用DFT细化频率估计,得到C/A码相位和较精确的载波频率。利用实际采集的数据进行实验,结果证实了该方法能快速有效地对C/A码进行捕获,为后续跟踪环路提供了良好的初始条件。     

Multiple target localization & data association for frequency-only widely separated MIMO radar

The multiple target localization using only Doppler frequencies in Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) radar is a problem of great interest. The Doppler frequencies include all relevant information about the location, velocity and direction of the targets. Hence, these frequencies can be used efficiently for data association and target localization. The MIMO configuration and the frequency diversity of the system enable us to easily determine the number of moving targets using only the Doppler frequencies. Then, the data association is achieved for the known number of targets by using the estimated target velocities, directions and positions which can be utilized together or separately for data association. Using these parameters, three data association methods are proposed, namely “Position & Velocity Based”, “Direction Based” and “Position, Velocity & Direction Based” Data Associations. Moreover, when probability of detection is less than unity, data association can still be achieved with some modifications. Besides that, another algorithm, referred to as “Frequency Reduction & Association”, is proposed to eliminate spurious frequencies when they appear in the spectrum. These are the first data association methods for Doppler-only systems and they can be used efficiently when Doppler frequencies are only available information in the MIMO radar context. After received frequencies are associated with the correct targets, multiple target localization can be performed using the associated Doppler frequencies.