‘鲁赫’刺蔷薇叶不同溶剂提取物的活性成分及抗氧化性比较

本研究以‘鲁赫’刺蔷薇叶为原料,采用超声波辅助提取法,用不同溶剂(蒸馏水、无水乙醇、20%乙醇,40%乙醇,60%乙醇,80%乙醇,正丁醇、丙酮和乙酸乙酯)对叶中总黄酮、总多酚和原花青素进行提取,测定提取液的抗氧化活性(DPPH自由基清除能力、羟基自由基清除能力及总还原力),分析不同极性溶液对活性成分的提取效率,并评价抗氧化能力与活性成分的相关性。结果表明:不同极性溶剂提取效果不同,其中60%乙醇提取物具有最高的粗提物得率(23.76±0.04)%;60%乙醇提取物的总黄酮和总多酚含量均为最高,分别为74.29±0.01 mg/g和24.02±0.2 mg/g;80%乙醇提取物原花青素含量最高(12.92±0.46)mg/g。活性成分含量与抗氧化性之间呈正相关性。总多酚和总黄酮类化合物是‘鲁赫’刺蔷薇叶提取物抗氧化活性的主要贡献者。     

两种工艺下蜂胶中活性成分及抗氧化活性的比较

采用乙醇浸提与超临界CO2流体萃取两种工艺分别萃取粗蜂胶,比较两者提取率,利用高效液相色谱法分别分析两种工艺下蜂胶提取物黄酮成分的差别,气相色谱法分别分析两种工艺下蜂胶提取物萜烯成分的差别,并从DPPH自由基清除能力和抗油脂氧化能力两个指标分别对两者进行了抗氧化活性的研究和比较。实验发现超临界萃取蜂胶的萃取物得率明显要高于乙醇一次浸泡的提取物得率,接近并略小于乙醇二次浸泡的提取物得率;蜂胶乙醇提取物和蜂胶超临界萃取物在黄酮及萜类化合物种类及含量上有明显差异,蜂胶超临界萃取物中只有两种黄酮,即高良姜素、苛因,总黄酮含量3.17%,比蜂胶乙醇提取物中的总黄酮含量16.32%少得多;蜂胶超临界萃取物中的萜类化合物总含量18.72%是蜂胶乙醇提取物中萜类化合物总含量7.72%的2倍多。蜂胶超临界萃取物具有较强的DPPH清除率,蜂胶乙醇提取物抗猪油氧化能力较高。     

蛤蒌叶提取物抗氧化活性研究

目的探究不同提取条件下,蛤蒌叶提取物的抗氧化活性。方法在不同提取条件下,采用匀浆-超声波法对蛤蒌叶进行粗提取,并对不同提取物的DPPH(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl)自由基清除能力进行分析。结果蛤蒌叶乙醇提取物对DPPH有较好的清除作用,当乙醇浓度为100%、提取温度为55℃、提取时间为8 h时,蛤蒌叶提取物对DPPH自由基的清除效果较佳。在较佳的提取条件下蛤蒌叶提取物的黄酮含量为62.29 mg/g、多酚含量为61.83 mg/g、多糖含量为391.43 mg/g、蛋白质含量为62.28 mg/g。结论蛤蒌叶乙醇提取物的抗氧化活性优于水提取物,当乙醇浓度达到100%时抗氧化活性最强,且乙醇提取物的黄酮、多酚和蛋白质含量要明显高于水提物,两者的多糖含量则相当。     

不同溶剂提取对刺梨物质含量变化及抗氧化活性的影响

为探究不同极性的溶剂提取对刺梨物质含量变化及抗氧化活性的影响,分别以水、甲醇、60%乙醇、无水乙醇、正丁醇和乙酸乙酯为提取溶剂,通过测定提取物中抗坏血酸、总多酚、总黄酮、单宁和总三萜含量,采用体外抗氧化方法对刺梨不同溶剂提取物进行抗氧化活性测定,并采用抗氧化活性综合（antioxidant potency composite,APC）指数法进行比较分析。结果表明：60%乙醇提取物中总多酚、总黄酮、单宁和总三萜含量最高;水提取物中抗坏血酸含量最高;乙酸乙酯提取物中总多酚、总黄酮、抗坏血酸和总三萜含量最低;正丁醇提取物中单宁含量最低。对抗氧化活性而言,60%乙醇提取物清除DPPH 自由基与ABTS+自由基能力和还原力最强;甲醇提取物的羟基自由基清除率最高;乙酸乙酯提取物清除超氧阴离子自由基的能力最强。APC 指数显示,6 种溶剂提取物的抗氧化能力由强到弱依次为60%乙醇提取物＞甲醇提取物＞水提取物＞无水乙醇提取物＞乙酸乙酯提取物＞正丁醇提取物。由于不同活性成分之间存在协同或拮抗作用,且不同活性成分在不同溶剂中的溶解性不同,因此不同溶剂提取对刺梨活性物质含量和抗氧化活性影响较大。     

黑果腺肋花楸分级提取物成分分析及抗氧化活性比较

为探究黑果腺肋花楸果实分级提取物活性成分含量及其抗氧化活性关系,以黑果腺肋花楸果实分级提取物为研究对象,比较分析其多酚、黄酮等活性成分含量及体外抗氧化活性的差异,活性成分含量采用紫外分光光度法测定,体外抗氧化活性通过测定DPPH自由基、ABTS自由基、羟自由基清除能力进行评价。结果表明,乙醇提取物中多酚含量最高,水提物中多糖含量最高,正丁醇提取物中黄酮、原花青素含量最高。5种提取物均具有抗氧化活性,但有所差异。体外抗氧化能力顺序为正丁醇提取物>乙酸乙酯提取物>乙醇提取物>水提取物>石油醚提取物。黑果腺肋花楸果实分级提取物活性成分含量差异显著(P<0.05),其体外抗氧化能力可能是多种活性成分共同作用,且与黄酮和原花青素相关性较强。     

红树莓不同溶剂提取物抗氧化活性

以红树莓鲜果为原料,采用体外抗氧化方法研究不同溶剂提取对红树莓抗氧化活性的影响。分别以水、25%乙醇、50%乙醇、75%乙醇、100%乙醇、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇为提取溶剂,测定提取物中总酚、黄酮、原花青素和花色苷含量;研究提取物体外抗氧化活性的差异;对活性物质含量与抗氧化能力进行相关性分析。结果表明,50%乙醇粗提物的总酚、黄酮、原花青素和花色苷含量均最高,分别为257.19、10.48、406.45、22.47 mg/100 g;7种不同红树莓提取物中50%乙醇提取物的总还原力与V_C相近,50%和75%乙醇提取物对DPPH·清除能力强于V_C,7种溶剂提取物对羟基自由基清除能力均弱于V_C;红树莓7种溶剂提取物中总酚与对DPPH·的清除率及总还原能力的相关性较大。比较发现,50%~75%的乙醇水溶液能够更好的溶出红树莓中的活性成分,而具有更强的抗氧化活性。     

蜂胶提取物的抗氧化活性研究

以菜籽油和猪油为实验油,采用schall烘箱法测定蜂胶及其乙醇提取物、超临界CO2提取物和CO2残渣醇提物的抗氧化活性,并与其他通用抗氧化剂比较。结果表明:总黄酮浓度0.01%以上的蜂胶提取物均能显著延长油脂氧化诱导期,是高效的油脂抗氧化剂;黄酮类化合物仍是各蜂胶提取物中主要含量成分和主要抗氧化活性成分之一,且随总黄酮浓度0.005%以上一定范围与其整体抗氧化活性呈现量效关系;在相同添加量0.02%(蜂胶提取物均以总黄酮计)和恒温60℃条件下,各抗氧化剂抗氧化效果按强弱顺序排列为:菜籽油中,TBHQ>蜂胶超临界CO2提取物>蜂胶CO2残渣醇提物≥蜂胶乙醇提取物>VE>甘氨酸>蜂胶>BHT;猪油中,TBHQ>蜂胶CO2残渣醇提物≥蜂胶乙醇提取物≥BHT>甘氨酸>蜂胶>蜂胶超临界CO2提取物>VE。本试验结果可望为各蜂胶提取物将来被用作含油脂食品的天然抗氧化剂提供一定的实验数据。     

黑蜂蜂胶不同极性提取物的体外抗氧化活性

目的:研究东北黑蜂胶不同极性提取物的体外抗氧化活性,确定其活性成分所在极性范围。方法:采用不同极性的溶剂提取黑蜂蜂胶,分别得到甲醇提取物(ME)、乙醇提取物(EE)、水提物(WE)、乙酸乙酯提取物(EA)、三氯甲烷提取物(CF)、苯提物(BE),考察其还原力、等价抗氧化能力(TEAC)、Fe3+还原能力(FRAP)及对羟自由基(·OH)、DPPH自由基的清除能力,比较不同极性提取物的抗氧化作用。结果:上述提取物均具有抗氧化活性,且呈显著量效关系,其抗氧化效果因反应体系的不同而不同。结论:东北黑蜂胶的甲醇和乙醇提取物的抗氧化活性较强,是天然抗氧化剂的良好来源。     

黑枸杞不同溶剂提取物抗氧化活性

探究黑枸杞不同溶剂提取物体外抗氧化活性。分别以水、50%乙醇、75%乙醇、乙醇、正丁醇、乙酸乙酯,制备不同溶剂提取物,测定各提取物中总酚、黄酮含量,比较不同溶剂提取物体外抗氧化活性,并分析活性物质含量及抗氧化能力的相关性。结果表明,50%乙醇提取物总酚、黄酮含量均最高,对DPPH、ABTS+自由基的清除能力及铁离子还原能力最强,总酚含量与抗氧化活性具有较高的相关性。黑枸杞50%~75%乙醇提取物抗氧化活性相对较高。     

连翘叶不同溶剂提取物体外抗氧化活性研究

比较连翘叶不同提取溶剂提取物的抗氧化活性。分别以水、60%乙醇、80%乙醇、无水乙醇、乙酸乙酯为溶剂制备连翘叶提取物,测定不同提取物中多糖、总酚和黄酮含量;以BHT为阳性对照,采用DPPH自由基(DPPH·)、羟基自由基(·OH)、超氧阴离子(O_2~-·)、ABTS自由基(ABTS~+·)清除活性和铁离子还原能力(FRAP)法考察各溶剂提取物的抗氧化活性;考察提取物中活性物质含量与其活性的相关性。连翘叶不同溶剂提取物均具有抗氧化活性,均呈一定的量效关系,且不同溶剂提取物的抗氧化活性强弱顺序随评价方法的不同而不同。连翘叶不同溶剂提取物中总酚含量和黄酮含量均与·OH清除活性和铁离子还原能力具有较高的相关性,黄酮含量还与O_2~-·清除活性具有较高的相关性。连翘叶80%乙醇提取物和60%乙醇提取物抗氧化活性相对较高。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the