A Sustainable Decision Support Framework for Urban Water Management

This paper develops a decision support framework that assists managers in the urban water industry to analyse a mix of water service options, at the whole-of-city scale. The decision support framework moves decision-making in urban water systems from traditional command and control approaches that tend to focus on an outcome at a point in time to a more sustainable, inclusive and dynamic decision-making process driven by social learning and engagement. While available models and evaluation techniques provide valuable input to decision-making, the complex nature of urban water systems requires more than just social and economic criteria to be considered as part of decision support frameworks. The authors believe that current decision support frameworks need to be presented in a way that incorporates adaptive management and integrated urban water management strengths at the strategic and operational level. The inclusion of social learning and engagement is necessary to achieving this end.     

Distance Learning in Support of Water Resources Management: An Online Course on Decision Support Systems in River Basin Management

This paper presents the conceptualisation, design and implementation of an online course on the topic of Decision Support Systems in River Basin Management. The need for development of such a course has been recognised, as activities in the field of water resources planning and management increasingly depend on decision support methods such as simulation, optimisation and Multi Criteria Analysis (MCA). The online learning approach is particularly needed for continuous professional development and life-long learning of professionals active in this field, and especially for those coming from developing countries. The course was developed and implemented following the competence-based learning approach, supported by the EU FP 7 educational research project named TenCompetence, which also provided the learning platform for deploying and delivering the course. The paper presents the course design, implementation and evaluation by the course participants, with special focus on the course content and the developed learning resources. Participants’ evaluations show high appreciation for the course, but they also highlight areas for future improvements.     

Multicriteria Decision Support System for Regionalization of Integrated Water Resources Management

Successful implementation of integrated water resources planning and management (IWRM) requires delineation of regions that are relatively homogeneous with respect to multiple criteria, including hydrographic, physical-environmental, socioeconomic, and political-administrative aspects. The water resources planning and management (WARPLAM) DSS is presented as tool for regionalization in support of IWRM through: (1) GIS processing of spatial data related to multiple criteria for defining the homogeneity of clustered base units (e.g., catchments) with respect to multiple criteria; (2) application of fuzzy set theory to development of composite measures of homogeneity over all criteria for alternative clustering of adjacent base units; and (3) development of a modified dynamic programming clustering algorithm that guarantees consistent optimal solutions based on user preferences on the relative importance of the suite of criteria considered for regionalization. The viability of WARPLAM DSS as a tool for regional delineation in support of IWRM is demonstrated through a case study application to the Tocantins-Araguaia River Basin, the second largest in Brazil.     

Decision Support for Mainstreaming Climate Change Adaptation in Water Resources Management

Climate change adaptation (CCA) has recently emerged as a new fundamental dimension to be considered in the planning and management of water resources. Because of the need to consider the already perceived changes in climate trends, variability and extremes, and their interactions with evolving social and ecological systems, water management is now facing new challenges. The research community is expected to contribute with innovative methods and tools to support to decision- and policy-makers. Decision Support Systems (DSSs), have a relatively long history in the water management sector. They are usually developed upon pre-existing hydrologic simulation models, providing interfaces for facilitated use beyond the limited group of model developers, and specific routines for decision making (e.g. optimization methods). In recent years, the traditional focus of DSS research has shifted away from the software component, towards the process of structuring problems and aiding decisions, thus including in particular robust methods for stakeholders’ participation. The paper analyses the scientific literature, identifies the main open issues, and proposes an innovative operational approach for the implementation of participatory planning and decision-making processes for CCA in the water domain.     

海河流域水资源调配决策支持系统简介

面对海河流域水资源调配的严峻形势,为全面调度和优化配置海河流域水资源,以多目标水资源规划配置模型为基础,建立海河流域水资源调配决策支持系统,辅助流域水资源规划和水资源调配决策。分别从系统体系结构、数据流程、核心模型及系统开发方面,介绍海河流域水资源调配决策支持系统。本系统作为海河流域水资源配置的统一平台,服务于流域实现最严格水资源管理制度、加强"三条红线"管理,并为实现水资源优化配置和科学管理提供技术支持。     

基于网络的决策支持系统在水资源管理中的应用

综述了决策支持系统(DSS)与基于网络的决策支持系统(Web-based DSS)在水资源管理中的应用概况,通过对二者进行比较,指出Web-based DSS具有便于系统更新维护、降低用户使用门槛、扩展用户沟通渠道等优势。对Web-based DSS涉及的基础应用开发、多源信息采集与集成、多模块并行耦合、决策效果评估等关键技术进行了分析,探讨了Web-based DSS在多源异构大数据环境下面临的问题与挑战。     

榆林市水资源管理决策支持系统平台研发

针对榆林市水资源管理系统中存在的问题,运用WebGIS、ArcGIS Server和ArcGIS Engine等工具,采用混合编程和智能计算方法,利用Visual Modflow,建立了B/S和C/S混合结构的水资源管理决策支持系统平台,涵盖水资源监测、地下水资源动态评价、地表水动态监测与水文预报、地下水资源优化开采以及水资源优化配置等业务子系统,以期为榆林水资源管理提供共享平台。     

流域水资源管理信息决策支持系统研究

简要介绍了一个集流域信息、数据库管理、优化决策、系统在线帮助等多功能为一体的流域水资源管理信息决策支持系统的总体开发设计思路,研究的目的主要是针对水资源管理的需要,解决目前管理效率低、水市场机制不完善等问题。建设高效可靠的、实用先进的综合查询信息系统。认为流域水资源管理信息决策支持系统的逻辑结构应包括4部分：①信息综合查询子系统;②水政管理子系统;③地理信息系统子系统;④水资源管理子系统。该系统对流域供水、防洪、排沙、节水灌溉、水资源统一管理等具有参考和实用价值。     

水资源冲突谈判中的决策支持

水资源冲突普遍存在于流域上下游不同区域以及同一区域的各个用水部门之间。协商谈判是解决水资源冲突的重要方法。通过对水资源冲突的分析,研究了交互式多目标协商模型在解决水资源冲突中的应用;并以某一地区各部门问水资源冲突场景为例,利用交互式多目标协商模型,对部门问水权交易进行建模求解,表明交互式多目标协商模型对水资源冲突谈判能够提供有效的决策支持。     

A Decision Support System to Improve Water Resources Management in the Conchos Basin

The Conchos basin is the largest tributary to the lower part of the Rio Grande/Rio Bravo basin. During recent years a severe drought has affected México’s ability to deliver water from the Conchos basin as required by the 1944 Treaty. In addition, it has generated not only economic problems in the USA and México but also political frictions between these two countries. The Mexican Conchos river has historically contributed with the highest amount of water to USA as established on the water treaty. A Decision Support System (DSS) was developed for the Conchos basin in order to gain a better understanding of the water resources management process in the basin, and to identify the alternatives to improve the cited process. The DSS is a semi-distributed model, based on System Dynamics, and developed using Powersim software. The DSS has been used to evaluate 25 long and short tem water resources allocation alternatives for the two main basin’s users: Irrigation Districts and Water Treaty. Some of the most important factors being tested on the 25 water management alternatives include National Commission of Water’s yearly water allocation policy, reservoir operation rules, improvement on water distribution efficiencies, etc. The DSS model shows that the historic water resources allocation implemented by the Federal government produces adequate results as compared with the other tested water management alternatives. However, for short term drought scenarios, it is showed that there could be other management alternatives that could perform better than the current water management allocation. In general, the DSS shows what we already expect of dynamic models of systems to provide that understanding the effects of multiple interacting variables in necessary to develop good natural resource management policies.     

以水资源可持续利用支撑和顺县经济可持续发展

<正>和顺县地处山西省境东陲,太行山之巅,水资源主要由降雨形成。全县多年平均降雨量561.5 mm,采用1980—2000年观测资料系列评价水资源总量为1.54亿m3,其中地表水资源量0.95亿m3,地下水资源量0.97亿m3,重复计算量0.38亿m3。近年来,随着经济建设的发展,城市化、工业化进程的加快,用水量逐步增加,废水排放量大幅度增加,水质污染、水环境恶     

加强水资源管理促进水资源可持续利用

针对山西省水资源实际状况,对工业、农业两大产业的用水管理提出了合理建议,并对加强水资源保护和统一管理进行了深度分析和探讨。     

Flood Management and Sustainable Development of Water Resources: The Case of Great Lakes Basin

Abstract

One challenging issue in flood planning and management is to design and apply integrated approaches to estimate likely future economic, social, and other human vulnerabilities to (and impacts of flood), and to identify desirable options that could be used to reduce these vulnerabilities. Given the uncertainties in flood management, it is difficult to decide which options are effective and desirable. Research on developing well-designed flood management strategies can provide the information and understanding necessary for identifying more effective options and better plans for ensuring regional sustainability. This paper focuses on methodology development for the multi-criteria evaluation of flood management options using the Great Lakes Basin as an example. It starts wivh an introduction of some major concerns about flood management in a context of watershed sustainability. This is followed by an indication of the importance of flood management option evaluation to sustainable water resource development. Then, it presents an integrated assessment (IA) approach to evaluate the performance of alternative flood management options, and to identify more effective and desirable policies. Application of the IA in the case study shows how the approach can be used for identifying the more desirable and effective options     

可持续的黄河水资源管理

黄河是中华民族的母亲河,在中国经济社会可持续发展格局中具有重要的战略地位。随着工业化、城镇化的快速发展,黄河水资源供需矛盾日趋尖锐,开发利用程度已超过其承载能力,同时流域整体用水效率偏低、废污水排放量大,造成下游河道断流频繁,水污染日趋严重,水生态系统受到严重威胁。面对上述问题,黄河水利委员会通过开展黄河可供水量分配、实施水资源统一管理与调度、探索建立水权制度、推进节水型社会建设、强化水资源保护等一系列措施,保障多方取用水权,最大限度地满足了各方用水需求,使黄河水环境和生态功能得到改善。黄河实施水资源统一管理的探索和实践证明,对于资源型缺水的黄河流域而言,实施最严格的水资源管理制度是势在必然、当务之急。水资源管理与流域经济发展必须相互协调,应在顶层设计、制度建设、协调监督、管理能力建设等方面做好工作,以水资源的可持续利用支撑流域及相关地区经济社会的可持续发展。     

Water Resources Management: A New Policy for a Sustainable Future

To manage water more effectively, a new approach is necessary, incorporating a balanced set of policies and in stitutional reforms. Its core is the adoption of a comprehensive framework for water management that recognizes the interactions among the elements of a river basin's ecosystem and incorporates cross-sectional and environmental considerations in the design of investments and policies. The new approach also calls for water to be treated as an economic good, for decentralized management and delivery stru ctures, greater reliance on pricing, and fuller participation by stakeholders.     

Advances in Decision Support Systems for Flood Disaster Management: Challenges and Opportunities

Natural variations in the global climate are governed by complex interactions among the atmosphere, oceans, and land cover. Modern climate models suggest that these variations will continue, but with larger magnitudes and greater variability due to human influences. This is expected to increase the risk of flood disaster events. To improve flood risk management, a flood decision support system architecture is proposed that capitalizes on the latest advances in remote sensing, geographic information systems, hydrologic models, numerical weather prediction, information technology, and decision theory. Specifically, the dynamic climate prediction system developed by the Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, is discussed in the context of flood management and planning in the Yangtze River valley, China.     

实施最严格水资源管理促进水资源可持续利用

通过对承德县水资源开发利用现状及未来社会经济发展对水资源的需求分析,找出目前水资源短缺的主要原因和存在的问题,以实行最严格的水资源管理制度,建立水资源开发利用控制红线,用水效率控制红线,水功能区限制纳污红线为核心,提出可行性实施措施,以有限的水资源支撑经济社会可持续发展,实现水资源的可持续利用.     

实施统一管理是保障水资源可持续利用的战略措施

论述了实施水资源统一管理的理论依据和实现流域统一管理与区域统一管理相结合的对策措施，同时提出了对南水北调工程实施统一管理的设想。     

加强国际合作发展水利科技为水资源可持续利用提供有效支撑--访水利部国际合作与科技司司长高波

科学技术是第一生产力,要促进水资源的合理开发、高效利用、优化配置、全面节约、有效保护和综合治理,必须依靠科技创新和科技进步,为水资源可持续利用提供强有力的科技支撑.……     

水资源可持续利用管理新论

在分析我国水资源管理现状和存在问题的基础上,介绍了水资源可持续利用管理的一些方法及对策,指出应推行高效的水管理模式、加强节约用水和水资源保护工作。