社区护理干预对高血压病患者遵医行为的影响

目的社区护理干预对高血压病患者遵医行为的影响。方法将调查中的80例患者随机分2组,即实验组和对照组,对实验组进行社区护理干预,对照组未施加影响。结果半年后,对2组进行遵医率调查发现:实验组遵医率明显高于对照组。结论社区护理干预在帮助患者提高遵医率,较好控制血压方面有重要作用。     

心理干预对高血压的遵医依从性的影响

目的 探讨心理干预对高血压的遵医依从性的影响。方法 入选的200例符合高血压诊断标准的患者随机分为干预组和对照组,观察比较2组患者的遵医依从性及血压控制情况。结果 干预组的高血压患者在规律用药、监测血压及定期复查方面的遵医依从性明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。经过8周治疗后,2组高血压患者的收缩压与舒张压均较治疗前显著下降,且干预组的较对照组下降明显(P<0.05)。结论 心理干预可以提高高血压患者的遵医依从性,且可以改善患者的血压,有利于高血压患者的疾病恢复。     

认知行为综合干预对慢阻肺患者负性情绪的影响

目的探讨认知行为综合干预对慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者负性情绪的影响效果。方法对2008年1～8月在本院治疗的84例COPD患者,根据就诊时间编号,分观察组和对照组,2组患者均按医嘱予以治疗,并给予一般的COPD知识宣教。对观察组选择治疗时与患者及家属进行有效沟通,并采取认知行为综合干预。结果1年后,病人各观察项目经统计学处理,研究组各观察因子明显优于对照组,其中病人生活质量、症状自评量表各因子、药物治疗依从性等因数,除生理功能外,皆有显著意义(P<0.05)。2组患者戒烟情况,研究组为90.5%,对照组为36.4%。结论认知行为综合干预有效控制COPD病人病情进展,减少患者负性情绪,提高COPD患者治疗依从性和生活质量。     

高血压病患者的临床护理初探

高血压病是人类常见病和多发病,也是很难根治的慢性病。随着社会发展,生活水平提高,高脂肪食物和各种酒类、烟类的大量摄入,加之社会竞争压力的增大,高血压病患者有逐年上升的趋势。因急进行高血压而死亡者也同样有上升趋势。故除医治以外,对高血压病的护理以及对护理知识的普及和推广,降低死亡率显得尤为重要。     

慢性精神分裂症病人心理行为干预临床结果分析

目的探讨慢性精神分裂症病人阴性症状及对其实施心理行为干预后的效果。方法将我院符合标准的128例慢性精神分裂症病人随机分为对照组和研究组。在抗精神病药物剂量不变的情况下,对照组予以简单娱乐活动及支持性心理治疗,研究组给予多种心理行为干预,疗程24周。结果疗程结束后,研究组有效率65.2%,而对照组22.3%;研究组简明精神病评定量表(BPRS)、阴性症状量表(SANS)、社会功能评定量表(DAS)和生活质量量表(QOL)评分优于对照组(P<0.05或0.01)。结论对慢性精神分裂症病人采取心理行为干预能提高临床疗效,改善病人的阴性症状、社会功能及生活质量。     

认知行为治疗对难治性抑郁症的疗效对照研究

目的本研究探讨认知行为治疗对难治性抑郁症的疗效。方法将60例难治性抑郁症患者随即分为2组,研究组采用西酞普兰合并认知行为治疗,对照组仅用西酞普兰治疗,2组作8周持续治疗观察,于入组前及入组后第4、8周末分别用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMA),汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)进行评定。结果 2组在治疗后第4、8周末HAMD、HAMA总分的差异有统计学意义。结论认知行为治疗对难治性抑郁症有效,并且远期疗效好。     

心理护理干预对PET/CT图像质量的影响分析

目的研究心理护理干预对PET/CT图像质量的影响。方法案例分析法,选取2009年3月至2010年12月进行PET/CT检查的患者200例,分为实验组和对照组,研究心理干预的实际效果。结果对照组30例(30%)受检者因为不同程度的紧张、焦虑造成肌肉异常代谢,形成伪影,与实验组相比有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论心理护理干预能有效地减轻和消除患者的各种不良情绪,PET/CT图像质量较高,应在实践中进行推广。     

认知行为干预对冠心病介入治疗术前焦虑和心绞痛的影响

目的探讨认知行为干预对冠心病介入治疗患者术前焦虑与心绞痛的影响。方法将80例行冠心病介入治疗的患者随机分为2组,每组40例,实验组接受认知行为干预,对照组接受常规术前护理。观察2组病人的焦虑值和心绞痛发生情况。结果随着手术临近2组病人焦虑值均有不同程度的提高,但实验组明显小于对照组(P0.01)。待术期实验组心绞痛发生次数和持续时间也小于对照组。结论认知行为干预能减轻冠心病介入治疗患者术前的焦虑及由其所致的心绞痛症状。     

护理干预对腹腔肿瘤患者手术前后焦虑的影响

目的通对腹腔肿瘤患者手术前后焦虑进行有针对性的护理干预,以观察焦虑效果。方法采用Zung氏焦虑自评量表(SAS)对60例腹腔肿瘤患者分别于干预前后进行量表测定,以观察效果。结果手术后患者焦虑程度较术前有明显改善,差异具有显著性(P<0.05)。结论通对腹腔肿瘤患者进行护理干预,明显改善手术前后焦虑程度,提高手术疗效,改善生活质量。     

骨伤科手术患者家属焦虑情绪的心理调查及干预

目的通过对骨伤科手术患者家属的焦虑程度与原因进行调查分析,提出相应的护理措施。方法采用Zung自评焦虑量表和自行设计的问卷,对150名骨伤科手术患者家属进行调查。结果150名家属均出现不同程度的焦虑症状,所得标准分为(43.08±10.27)分;担心手术、麻醉和预后,对疾病相关知识缺乏,医疗费用,环境因素等四项是导致家属焦虑的主要影响因素;不同角色家属焦虑状况不同,配偶平均焦虑分为(56.43±5.64)分,子女平均焦虑分为(51.48±5.15)分,兄弟姐妹平均焦虑分为(50.49±5.05)分,其他角色平均焦虑分为(39.60±3.96)分。结论通过我们实施有效的心理干预措施,使患家属的焦虑情绪得到明显缓解。     

利尿剂与ACEI联合应用治疗轻中度原发性高血压的疗效评价

目的评估利尿剂(氢氯噻嗪)与ACEI(血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂)联合应用治疗轻中度原发性高血压的疗效。方法 180例原发性高血压患者随机分为A、B2组,A组接受依那普利10mg+氢氯噻嗪10mg,1次/d,B组接受缬沙坦80mg+氢氯噻嗪10mg,1次/d,治疗8周复查疗效。结果动态血压监测结果显示,2组治疗后24h平均收缩压、舒张压均显著降低(P<0.001)。但A组血压降低效果较B组明显。结论依那普利+氢氯噻嗪的降压效果优于缬沙坦+氢氯噻嗪。     

硝苯地平缓释片联合吲达帕胺治疗老年单纯收缩期高血压疗效观察

目的研究硝苯地平缓释片联合吲达帕胺治疗老年单纯收缩期高血压的效果。方法以160例老年ISH患者随机分为硝苯地平缓释片联合吲达帕胺治疗组和硝苯地平缓释片对照组,记录用药前、后4周血压。结果治疗组总有效率97.5%,高于对照组的80%(P<0.01)。结论硝苯地平缓释片与吲达帕胺联合治疗老年单纯收缩期高血压效果好。     

Preclinical Assessment of the Combination of PSMA-Targeting Radionuclide Therapy with PARP Inhibitors for Prostate Cancer Treatment

Prostate specific membrane antigen targeted radionuclide therapy (PSMA-TRT) is a promising novel treatment for prostate cancer (PCa) patients. However, PSMA-TRT cannot be used for curative intent yet, thus additional research on how to improve the therapeutic efficacy is warranted. A potential way of achieving this, is combining TRT with poly ADP-ribosylation inhibitors (PARPi), which has shown promising results for TRT of neuroendocrine tumor cells. Currently, several clinical trials have been initiated for this combination for PCa, however so far, no evidence of synergism is available for PCa. Therefore, we evaluated the combination of PSMA-TRT with three classes of PARPi in preclinical PCa models. In vitro viability and survival assays were performed using PSMA-expressing PCa cell lines PC3-PIP and LNCaP to assess the effect of increasing concentrations of PARPi veliparib, olaparib or talazoparib in combination with PSMA-TRT compared to single PARPi treatment. Next, DNA damage analyses were performed by quantifying the number of DNA breaks by immunofluorescent stainings. Lastly, the potential of the combination treatments was studied in vivo in mice bearing PC3-PIP xenografts. Our results show that combining PSMA-TRT with PARPi did not synergistically affect the in vitro clonogenic survival or cell viability. DNA-damage analysis revealed only a significant increase in DNA breaks when combining PSMA-TRT with veliparib and not in the other combination treatments. Moreover, PSMA-TRT with PARPi treatment did not improve tumor control compared to PSMA-TRT monotherapy. Overall, the data presented do not support the assumption that combining PSMA-TRT with PARPi leads to a synergistic antitumor effect in PCa. These results underline that extensive preclinical research using various PCa models is imperative to validate the applicability of the combination strategy for PCa, as it is for other cancer types.     

压力管道未焊透超标缺陷的安全评定

本文根据国内外几种压力管道缺陷评定较为公认和应用较为广泛的方法，提出了压力管道未焊透超标缺陷安全评定的导论，以及我们按照这个导论在压力管道未焊透超标缺陷安全评定方面的尝试。     

COPD中西结合支持治疗的疗效观察

目的观察COPD患者中西结合支持治疗的临床疗效。方法将73例COPD住院患者随机分为治疗组36例,对照组37例。治疗组在常规治疗基础上,加用扶正胶囊口服和静脉营养;对照组仅用常规治疗。2周后对比疗效。结果两组%IBW和MAMC治疗前比较,均无显著性差异;两组%IBW和MAMC治疗后比较,均有显著性差异。结论中西结合支持治疗,能改善COPD患者的营养不良状况。     

硝酸处理对超级电容器用活性碳性能的影响

以不同浓度硝酸对超级电容器用活性碳进行处理,采用红外光谱、BET等方法研究了产物的结构及形貌进行表征;采用恒电流充放电方法考察了活性碳超级电容器在6mol／LKOH电解液中的电容性能。结果表明,硝酸处理除去了活性炭空结构中的部分杂质,10％HNO,处理后的活性炭比表面积最大,达到了2361m^2／g,活性物质的比电容为57．6F/g。     

Potential of Exosomes for Diagnosis and Treatment of Joint Disease: Towards a Point-of-Care Therapy for Osteoarthritis of the Knee

In the knee joint, articular cartilage injury can often lead to osteoarthritis of the knee (OAK). Currently, no point-of-care treatment can completely address OAK symptoms and regenerate articular cartilage to restore original functions. While various cell-based therapies are being developed to address OAK, exosomes containing various components derived from their cells of origin have attracted attention as a cell-free alternative. The potential for exosomes as a novel point-of-care treatment for OAK has been studied extensively, especially in the context of intra-articular treatments. Specific exosomal microRNAs have been identified as possibly effective in treating cartilage defects. Additionally, exosomes have been studied as biomarkers through their differences in body fluid composition between joint disease patients and healthy subjects. Exosomes themselves can be utilized as a drug delivery system through their manipulation and encapsulation of specific contents to be delivered to specific cells. Through the combination of exosomes with tissue engineering, novel sustained release drug delivery systems are being developed. On the other hand, many of the functions and activities of exosomes are unknown and challenges remain for clinical applications. In this review, the possibilities of intra-articular treatments utilizing exosomes and the challenges in using exosomes in therapy are discussed.     

Gemcitabine–Paclitaxel Chemotherapy for Patients with Advanced Urothelial Cancer Refractory to Cisplatin-Based Chemotherapy: Predictive Role of PGK1 for Treatment Response to Cytotoxic Chemotherapy

An investigation of alternatives to immune checkpoint inhibitors for advanced urothelial cancer (aUC), with biologic information, is urgently needed. Clinical data for 53 patients who received gemcitabine–paclitaxel therapy (GP) as 2nd-line chemotherapy for aUC refractory to platinum-based chemotherapy were retrospectively reviewed. The efficacy and tolerability of GP were evaluated, and the predictive value of phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1) immunostained in surgical specimens was investigated for treatment outcomes in 1st- and 2nd-line chemotherapy. GP was associated with an objective response rate of 35.8% and a median overall survival duration of 12.3 months. Multivariate analysis showed that PS2 and 1st- and 2nd-line non-response are independent predictors of worse progression-free survival and that PS2 and 1st-line non-response are independent predictors of worse overall survival. Adverse events were manageable, and no therapy-related deaths occurred. Non-response rates to 1st-line chemotherapy were significantly higher in patients with a high expression of PGK1 in the nucleus than in those with low expression (p = 0.006). Our study demonstrates the efficacy and tolerability of 2nd-line GP for patients with aUC who are refractory to platinum-based chemotherapy. Moreover, PGK1 in the nucleus was predictive values for resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy in aUC.     

Sorting Transcriptomics Immune Information from Tumor Molecular Features Allows Prediction of Response to Anti-PD1 Therapy in Patients with Advanced Melanoma

Immunotherapy based on anti-PD1 antibodies has improved the outcome of advanced melanoma. However, prediction of response to immunotherapy remains an unmet need in the field. Tumor PD-L1 expression, mutational burden, gene profiles and microbiome profiles have been proposed as potential markers but are not used in clinical practice. Probabilistic graphical models and classificatory algorithms were used to classify melanoma tumor samples from a TCGA cohort. A cohort of patients with advanced melanoma treated with PD-1 inhibitors was also analyzed. We established that gene expression data can be grouped in two different layers of information: immune and molecular. In the TCGA, the molecular classification provided information on processes such as epidermis development and keratinization, melanogenesis, and extracellular space and membrane. The immune layer classification was able to distinguish between responders and non-responders to immunotherapy in an independent series of patients with advanced melanoma treated with PD-1 inhibitors. We established that the immune information is independent than molecular features of the tumors in melanoma TCGA cohort, and an immune classification of these tumors was established. This immune classification was capable to determine what patients are going to respond to immunotherapy in a new cohort of patients with advanced melanoma treated with PD-1 inhibitors Therefore, this immune signature could be useful to the clinicians to identify those patients who will respond to immunotherapy.     

冲灰排水对环境的危害及治理

通过对冲灰排水中污染物的种类及其对周围环境和生产环境所造成的危害的论述,从理论上提出了几种治理途径及建议,从而为污染源治理工作提供了科学的依据。