智能辅导系统中图形自动调整设计与实现

简要介绍了利用面象对象的编程技术,用Java语言实现了平面几何图形的自动调整。系统是整个网络智能辅导系统的一个部分,整个辅导系统属于一个专家系统。本系统设计的对象是中学生,在客户端用户只需要输入简单的几何图形,只要图形的拓扑结构正确,通过自动调整模块后将使原来的图形变成标准的符合题意的图形。在调整的实现过程中提出了“约束”的概念,从而使得调整得以实现。     

面向对象的用户接口管理系统NDUIMS的设计与实现

本文介绍的ＮＤＵＩＭＳ是为转炉炼钢控制专家系统设计的一个面向对象的用户接口子系统，它提供了完整的用户界面支持和从应用模块到设备的接口，其窗口管理机制和窗口构件构造简捷，易于扩充，底层图形设备接口支撑面广，设备独立性强，具有灵活，高效，便于移植等特点，可作为一个实用的用户接口嵌入到不同的应用系统中使用。     

虚拟现实中的场景建模及模型优化技术

虚拟现实技术是一门综合性信息技术,它融合了数字图像处理、计算机图形学、多媒体技术、传感器技术等多个信息技术分支、从而大大推进了计算机技术的发展。针对桌面虚拟现实系统建模的研究,使得PC机上的W indow s用户也可按自己项目的需要来建模具有专业水平的VR。     

An AutoCAD-Based Expert System For Plant Layout

This paper describes the development of a plant layout system implemented in AutoLISP on an IBM PS/2 computer. This system combines computational algorithms, human expertise, and computer graphics in one program for plant layout design and drafting. The objective is to develop a computer system for automation of the layout design and documentation process.

This system emulates a plant layout expert in the last step of plant layout process. The input to the system includes department dimensions, between-department material flows, and aisle width. The system generates and evaluates layout alternatives according to given objectives. AutoCAD commands are called to plot the layout when an alternative layout is being created. This system ensures that each department has an access to the aisle and the travel distance between two departments are measured along the aisle. As both design expertise and computer graphics are programmed in the same environment, the interfacing problem between them is easily eliminated.     

The Mosaic Test: measuring the effectiveness of colour-based image retrieval

A variety of content-based image retrieval systems exist which enable users to perform image retrieval based on colour content—i.e., colour-based image retrieval. For the production of media for use in television and film, colour-based image retrieval is useful for retrieving specifically coloured animations, graphics or videos from large databases (by comparing user queries to the colour content of extracted key frames). It is also useful to graphic artists creating realistic computer-generated imagery (CGI). Unfortunately, current methods for evaluating colour-based image retrieval systems have 2 major drawbacks. Firstly, the relevance of images retrieved during the task cannot be measured reliably. Secondly, existing methods do not account for the creative design activity known as reflection-in-action. Consequently, the development and application of novel and potentially more effective colour-based image retrieval approaches, better supporting the large number of users creating media for use in television and film productions, is not possible as their efficacy cannot be reliably measured and compared to existing technologies. As a solution to the problem, this paper introduces the Mosaic Test. The Mosaic Test is a user-based evaluation approach in which participants complete an image mosaic of a predetermined target image, using the colour-based image retrieval system that is being evaluated. In this paper, we introduce the Mosaic Test and report on a user evaluation. The findings of the study reveal that the Mosaic Test overcomes the 2 major drawbacks associated with existing evaluation methods and does not require expert participants.     

Visual C#.NET实现用户自定义图形编程方法

信息系统终端用户可以自己绘制图形,以鼠标拖拽的方式实现已绘制图形的移动、缩放等功能,不仅会极大地方便用户使用,同时可以满足用户现场绘图的需求。对如何在信息管理系统中实现用户自定义图形进行分析和设计,并在Visual C#.NET编程环境中使用GDI＋等技术实现用户自定义图形,使终端用户能够动态创建可以用鼠标拖拽方式移动、缩放的图形,实现直线、矩形、文本的创建、移动、缩放功能,绘制的图形可以保存为XML文件,可以加载已保存XML文件。文中描述了自定义图形编程方法的设计和实现。     

The system design for GALATEA,an interactive real-time computer graphics system for movie and video analysis

The extraction of information from movie film and videotape has always been a very tedious process. Yet the usefulness of these media in biomedical research, behavioral science, industrial testing, etc., is apparent. We are developing a system, GALATEA, for the rapid extraction of data from film or video using interactive graphics. The key aspects of GALATEA are: the user indicates what features are of interest using an x, y digitizing pen. These pen positions are the only data the system sees, so that full digital image encoding is avoided. The user can trace the features while the film runs (frame-by-frame analysis is not necessary). The user has constant feedback in the form of an animated, computer-generated movie (Kinegram), overlaid on the original film image and running synchronously with it. It is this kinetic feedback of the data entered that makes the system efficient. Structured programming, real-time programming techniques, data structures for time-dependent pictures and dynamical graphics ‘tools’ are covered. A detailed discussion is given of Slippage or soft degradation in real-time systems under fluctuating load conditions.     

Robot selection expert ‘Rose’

One of the major problems facing the robot user in the future will be his choice of the optimum robot for a particular task. What is needed is a highly automated robot selection system which will eliminate the human decision-making process. The system presented will be used when a robot is being considered to replace a human at a particular task, while the rest of the workplace remains fixed. The purpose of this paper is twofold; firstly, to demonstrate the knowledge required in making an optimum robot selection, and secondly, to provide a tutoral in designing an expert system using EXPERT. The paper will provide (1) the data base, (2) rules for transforming that data base, and (3) the control strategy that is necessary in implementing an expert system to perform the aforementioned task. The system will query the user as to the characteristics of the desired robot and the expert system will choose an optimum robot from the choices in the data base. The user will construct the environment in which the robot will be working by using 3-D modeling techniques. The user will choose from a menu and place the various objects which the robot will have to conform to. Thus, constraints such as maximum space available, can be stripped out of the 3-D drawing rather than having the expert system query the user for dimensions. One very good feature of such a system is that as new robots are developed their specifications can be added to the data base very easily.     

Practical computer graphics for scientific users: Philosophy and implementation

The scientific computer user presents a unique challenge to the graphics system designer. If the graphics system is properly designed and implemented, computer graphics becomes a vital research tool for the scientific user. These users' desires and expectations play an important role in every phase of the design process.This paper describes the philosophy of the graphics system at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) and its implementation. Details of algorithms are not presented; rather the purpose has been to describe a successful computer graphics system which may serve as a guide for other designers who desire to provide practical computer graphics. This graphics system operates under a batch-mode computer system without using interactive terminals.     

遥感图像解释专家系统的研究与设计

在系统分析遥感图像解释专家系统（RSPES）的基本组成和改进方案的基础上,讨论了推理机制演算过程和知识库的构建,并描述了动态数据库的建立、图形图像先期处理过程、解释机构的建立、程序设计的方法等相关问题。在设计过程中,通过建立完备的知识库和基于产生式规则的搜索机制来支持模糊推理的实现,并将推理过程与解释机制结合,以此来提高系统工作效率,使系统能够更好地同用户进行交流和互动。     

Semantic feedback in the Higgens UIMS

Almost all applications using interactive graphics contain important structures and concepts which are deeper than the geometres used to display them to the user. One of the major tasks of the system implementer is to cause the user interface to reflect this deeper structure accurately so that it may be directly manipulated by the user. The authors describe a tool, the Higgens user interface management system (UIMS), which can automate much of this task for a wide class of systems using interactive graphics. It is able to generate graphical user interfaces automatically from a high-level interface specification. These specifications are primarily nonprocedural in nature. They describe how graphical images can be automatically derived and updated based on applications entities, and how graphical inputs can be translated back into terms which are appropriate to the application     

VERIFICATION OF QUALITATIVE PROPERTIES OF RULE-BASED EXPERT SYSTEMS

Frequently, expert systems are developed to operate in dynamic environments where they must reason about time-varying information and generate hypotheses, conclusions, and process inputs that can drastically influence the environment within which they operate. For instance, expert systems used for fault diagnosis and fault accommodation in nuclear power plants reason over sensor data and operator inputs, form fault hypotheses, make recommendations pertaining to safe process operation, and in crisis situations, could generate command inputs to the process to help maintain safe operation. Clearly, there is a pressing need to verify and certify that such expert systems are dependable in their operation and can reliably maintain adequate performance levels. In this article we develop a mathematical approach to verifying qualitative properties of rule-based expert systems that operate in dynamic and uncertain environments. First, we provide mathematical models for the expert system (including the knowledge-base and inference engine) and for the mechanisms for interfacing to the user inputs and the dynamic process. Next, using these mathematical models, we show that while the structure and interconnection of information in the knowledge base influence the expert system's ability to react appropriately in a dynamic environment, the qualitative properties of the full knowledge-base/inference engine loop must be considered to fully characterize an expert system's dynamic behavior. To illustrate the verification approach, we show how to model and analyze the qualitative properties of rule-based expert systems that solve a water-jug filling problem and a simple process control problem. Finally, in our concluding remarks, we highlight some limitations of our approach and provide some future directions for research.     

3M: a user modelling interface of an expert system for X-ray topographic image interpretation

This paper discusses user modelling techniques and presents the design and implementation of the 3M user modelling interface of INTEREX. INTEREX is an expert system for X-ray topographic image interpretation which assists its users in identifying and analysing a number of defects that can occur in high-quality crystals. 3M consists of a monitor, a model and a modifier. It is used to adapt the consultation route and the explanations provided by INTEREX to three categories of users. It demonstrates the use-of an implicit, individual, dynamic and long-term user model to enable an expert system to accommodate users with different levels of expertise.     

基于类与关系定义的拓扑建模方法及其应用

提出一种灵活、高效的面向对象的拓扑建模方法.该建模方法将相同类型的象抽象成类,将对象之间关系抽象为类之间的关系,通过类和类之间的关系进行拓扑建模,然后通过拓扑数据生成器自动生成拓扑数据.使用该建模方法可以根据用户需求,快速建立拓扑模型.以电信网管软件为例描述该方法的具体实现.     

Integration architecture of expert systems, neural networks, hypertext, and multimedia can provide competitive opportunities for industrial applications

This paper promotes the idea of integration of computer software technologies; such as, expert systems, neural networks, hypertext, multimedia, and graphics user interface (GUI), to an unique hybrid system that increase market opportunities and competitiveness. The goal is to present ingredients of a business strategy that can ensure the capability to provide long-term competitiveness for industrial applications. Concepts for development integration and flexibility, prototype system transferring, teaming, and other consideration for winning, evolving at The University of Tennessee Space Institute (UTSI) and the Center for Space and Applied Research (CSTAR), are presented to amplify on salient aspects of competitiveness.     

Development of an Intelligent Wheelchair Using Computer Graphics Animation and Simulation

A new robot simulator JC-1 is used as a control software development tool in a project in progress where an intelligent wheelchair for a blind user is being developed. The intelligent wheelchair is planned to be able to fulfill simple symbolic commands like "follow wall" or "follow object" and using the JC-1 simulator an evaluation team which includes e.g. the user, a rehabilitation engineer and a software engineer, can check control algorithms and user interface routines before constructing a real wheelchair prototype. The JC-1 simulator models the environment using simplified boundary- representation where objects, robot sensors and actuators are presented as symbolic objects in the graphics data-base of the simulator. In the JC-1 simulator a robot controller under development controls the motion of the graphical model of the robot while simulator commands or other robot controllers can be used to control the movement of disturbing obstacles. Computer graphics animation and simulation help to find fundamental design errors at an early design stage and as this paper suggests, enable the user of the final product to take part in to the designing process of the robot controller. Benefits and difficulties of using computer graphics simulation in the wheelchair development process are discussed.     

协同系统中三维图形渲染的分布式架构

在三维协同系统中,三维图形的渲染效率和传输速度影响到了系统的整体效率。本文采用分布式架构保证三维图形在协同系统中的渲染和传输效率。把渲染好的三维图形以拍照的形式生成图片在网络中传输,打破了传统三维图形渲染对浏览器的限制以及对移动终端消耗巨大资源的局限。服务器端通过建立多线程TCP通信,既保证了用户交互操作的可靠性,同时又避免了多个用户同时操作三维图形时出现的操作二义性。最终实现用户与三维图形的实时交互,从而提高用户体验。      

基于图像绘制的虚拟环境构建与漫游技术研究

虚拟现实是一个重要目标是用计算机构建逼真的视觉世界,使参与者漫游虚拟世界。传统上,其实现是用3D图形学进行几何建模和绘制,但有诸多不足,而基于图像绘制的实现虚拟实现系统的新方法,它克服了3D图形方法的缺点,本文提出了一个实现基于图像绘制的虚拟环境的构建与漫游系统框架模型。