利用超临界CO2技术萃取红酵母β-胡萝卜素

初步尝试了利用超临界CO2萃取技术从红酵母中提取β-胡萝卜素的效果。结果表明:红酵母经酸-热法破壁后,在所确定的最适萃取条件下(萃取压力30 MPa、温度40℃、CO2流量20 kg/h、萃取时间90 min),β-胡萝卜素萃取率可达0.83%。这说明利用超临界CO2萃取红酵母β-胡萝卜素有一定的可行性,但萃取率较低,对影响萃取的各种因素有待今后深入探讨。     

利用超临界CO2技术萃取红酵母β-胡萝卜素的初步研究水

本研究初步尝试了利用超临界CO2萃取技术从红酵母中提取β－胡萝卜素的效果。结果表明,红酵母经酸-热法破壁后,在所确定的最适萃取条件下（萃取压力30MPa、温度40℃、CO2流量20Kg／h、萃取时间90min）,β－胡萝卜素萃取率可达0．83％。这说明,利用超临界CO2苹取红酵母β－胡萝卜素有一定的可行性,但萃取率较低,对影响萃取的各种因素有待今后深入探讨。     

利用超临界CO_2技术萃取红酵母β-胡萝卜素的初步研究

本研究初步尝试了利用超临界CO2萃取技术从红酵母中提取β-胡萝卜素的效果。结果表明,红酵母经酸-热法破壁后,在所确定的最适萃取条件下(萃取压力30MPa、温度40℃、CO2流量20Kg/h、萃取时间90min),β-胡萝卜素萃取率可达0.83%。这说明,利用超临界CO2萃取红酵母β-胡萝卜素有一定的可行性,但萃取率较低,对影响萃取的各种因素有待今后深入探讨。     

天然色素超临界CO2萃取技术研究进展

本文介绍了超临界萃取技术在食用天然色素研发中的应用现状,对近十年来超临界CO2萃取天然色素的研究报告做了统计,重点介绍了辣椒红素、胡萝卜素、番茄红素、玉米黄色素等超临界CO2萃取技术的研究进展.     

天然色素超临界CO2萃取技术研究进展

本文介绍了超临界萃取技术在食用天然色素研发中的应用现状,对近十年来超临界CO2萃取天然色素的研究报告作了统计,重点介绍了的辣椒红素、胡萝卜素、蕃茄红素、玉米黄色素等超临界CO2萃取技术的研究进展。     

螺旋藻中β-胡萝卜素的超临界CO2萃取实验研究

采用超临界CO2萃取技术,进行了螺旋藻中β-胡萝卜素的萃取实验研究,考察了超临界CO2萃取条件(压力10～50MPa、温度20～50℃、CO2流量10～35kg/h.     

超临界CO2萃取枸杞油及枸杞色素研究(一)

应用超临界CO2 萃取分离技术 ,从枸杞籽中萃取分离枸杞油 ,对其理化指标检测后与使用有机溶剂萃取的枸杞油理化指标进行对照分析。并且从分离冻干的枸杞色素粉中 ,使用超临界CO2 萃取方法分离β-胡萝卜素。     

螺旋藻中β-胡萝卜素的超临界CO2萃取实验研究

采用超临界CO2 萃取技术 ,进行了螺旋藻中β—胡萝卜素的萃取实验研究 ,考察了超临界CO2 萃取条件 (压力 10～ 5 0MPa、温度 2 0～ 5 0℃、CO2 流量 10～ 35kg/h等 )对萃取过程的影响 ,得到了最佳工艺条件 :萃取压力 2 5～ 35MPa ,操作温度 30～ 5 0℃ ,CO2 流量选择为 2 0～ 2 5kg/h。     

螺旋藻中β—胡萝卜素的超临界CO2萃取实验研究

采用超临界CO2萃取技术，进行了螺旋藻中β—胡萝卜素的萃取实验研究，考察了超临界CO2萃取条件(压力10—50MPa、温度20—50℃、CO2流量10—35kg/h等)对萃取过程的影响，得到了最佳二艺条件：萃取压力25—35MPa，操作温度30—50℃，CO2流量选择为20—25kg／h。     

超临界CO_2萃取枸杞色素中β-胡萝卜素研究

应用超临界CO2 萃取分离技术 ,以枸杞油作为载体 ,从枸杞色素中分离萃取β-胡萝卜素 ,对其理化指标进行了检测分析 ,为从枸杞色素中提取 β-胡萝卜素作为制药原料奠定基础。     

荷叶超临界CO2萃取物调节动物血脂的作用

研究了荷叶超临界CO2萃取物对高脂血症大鼠调脂作用的影响。结果表明：荷叶超临界CO2萃取物能显著降低高脂大鼠的血清总胆固醇（TC）、总甘油三脂（TG）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL-C）和升高高密度脂蛋白（HDL—C），能显著降低高脂血症大鼠血清和肝脏中丙二醛（MDA）含量及提高超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH—Px）活性。     

Ameliorative effect of Grewia tenax (Forssk) fiori fruit extract on CCl(4)-induced oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity in rats

The ethanol extract of Grewia tenax (GTE) fruit was tested for possible efficacy against carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) induced liver toxicity in Wistar albino rats. GTE at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg were administered orally to CCl(4)-treated rats. Acute toxicity test and sleeping time determination were done with mice. The results showed that oral administration of GTE for 3 wk to rats significantly reduced the CCl(4)-induced elevated levels of serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, glutamate pyruvate transaminase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, cholesterol, high-density lipoproteins, low-density lipoproteins, very low density lipoproteins, and triglycerides. Moreover, it was found that the treatment with GTE significantly elevated the hemoglobin level in serum and increased the nonprotein sulfhydryl and total protein contents in the liver tissue, and a significant diminution was observed in the CCl(4)-induced elevated levels of malondialdehyde in the liver tissue. The biochemical findings were supported by an evaluation with liver histopathology. Pentobarbital-induced prolongation of narcolepsy in mice was shortened significantly by the extract. The observed hepatoprotective effect is believed to occur due to antioxidant properties of the contents of G. tenax extract, which may provide a new drug to be used for fighting liver diseases and it validates its folkloric use in anemic and other conditions.     

油菜蜂花粉加工副产物多酚对小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用

目的研究油菜蜂花粉加工副产物中多酚对CCl_4致小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用。方法油菜蜂花粉加工副产物经乙醇提取得到粗提物,通过大孔树脂分离纯化得到20%,35%,50%,65%,80%和95%组分样品,选取总酚含量较高的50%组分及多酚粗提物进行急性肝损伤保护的研究。经腹腔注射CCl_4建立小鼠急性肝损伤模型,分别灌胃不同剂量的多酚粗提物、50%组份样品,以水飞蓟素作为阳性对照,检测血清中谷草转氨酶(aspartate aminotransferase,AST)、谷丙转氨酶(alanine aminotransferase,ALT)活性,肝组织中超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、谷胱甘肽(glutathione,GSH)活性及丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量,观察肝组织病理学变化。结果 50%组分高剂量组(300 mg/(kg·bw))可以显著抑制小鼠血清中由CCl_4造成的ALT/AST活性升高(P0.05),明显提高肝组织中SOD、GSH活性,并且显著降低组织中MDA的含量(P0.05),此外,从肝组织病理学结果来看,50%组分高剂量组可以减轻因CCl4造成的肝组织损伤,有效减少炎症因子的产生。然而多酚粗提物低、高剂量组及50%组分低剂量组在某些指标的检测中并未表现出显著的保护效果。结论油菜蜂花粉加工副产物经乙醇提取后多酚粗提物,采用AB-8大孔树脂分离纯化后的50%组分高剂量组样品对CCl_4所致的小鼠急性肝损伤具有保护作用。     

Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of carrot fruit essential oil: Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity

Isolation of carrot fruit (Daucus carrota L., cultivar “Chanteney”) essential oil by supercritical carbon dioxide was investigated from the pretreatment of herbaceous matrix and extraction conditions to the chemical composition of obtained extract and its antimicrobial activity. The qualitative and quantitative analyses of the supercritical extract, as well as of the essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation, were done by GC/FID and GC/MS methods. Antimicrobial properties of both samples were investigated against ten species of microorganisms. Experimental results showed that the particle size had no influence on the extraction process. The highest yield was obtained at 40 °C and 10 MPa. The main component of the supercritical extract, as well as of the essential oil was carotol. The supercritical extract was characterized by the presence of heavier molecular weight compounds, while some lighter compounds, e.g. pinenes, were not detected. The supercritical extract and the essential oil were the most effective against Gram-positive bacteria.     

花生粗多糖对四氯化碳及酒精所致小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用

目的：研究花生粗多糖(CPPS)对四氯化碳(CCl4)及酒精所致小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用。方法：分别采用CCl4和56°红星二锅头酒诱导小鼠急性肝损伤,动物脱臼处死后取血液测定血清中谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)活性,取肝脏计算肝指数并制备肝匀浆测定其中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力、丙二醛(MDA)含量,对数据作统计分析,并对小鼠肝脏进行组织切片观察。结果：100、200mg/kg剂量的CPPS均能极显著抑制CCl4性急性肝损伤所引起的MDA含量、肝脏指数、ALT和AST活性的升高(P＜0.01),有效地抑制肝脏中SOD活性的降低(P＜0.01),能减轻小鼠的肝组织损伤程度。50mg/kg 的CPPS能极显著降低酒精性急性肝损伤所引起的MDA含量、肝脏指数、ALT和AST活性的升高(P＜0.01),拮抗肝脏中SOD活性的降低(P＜0.01),明显改善肝组织损伤程度。结论：花生多糖对CCl4和酒精诱导的小鼠急性肝损伤有明显的保护作用。     

超临界CO2在肉及肉制品杀菌中的应用研究进展

超临界CO2是一种绿色、环保和实用的超临界流体,目前已广泛用于提取各种生物活性物质.近年来,随着非热杀菌技术的兴起,超临界CO2在杀菌方面的研究也显著增加.与冷等离子体、高压脉冲电场和高压CO2等非热杀菌技术相比,超临界CO2的操作温度和压力相对较低,能最大限度保留食品中的营养成分和提高食品的微生物安全性.本文综述超临...     

牛蒡提取物对四氯化碳诱导肝损伤小鼠的保护作用

研究牛蒡提取物对CCl4诱导肝损伤小鼠的保护作用及可能作用机制。以乙醇和水分别提取牛蒡皮和去皮牛蒡根,得牛蒡皮乙醇(LP)、牛蒡皮水(PW)、去皮牛蒡根乙醇(MA)和去皮牛蒡根水(MW)提取物。生化法测定小鼠血清中ALT、AST、ALP、LDH活性、TB含量和肝脏中MDA含量、SOD、GSH活性,蛋白印迹法测定肝组织中XOD、SOD1、SOD2表达量,观察小鼠肝组织病变程度。LP组小鼠血清中ALT、AST、ALP、LDH活力,TB含量显著升高,最高达97%以上;肝脏中MDA含量显著下降,GSH和SOD活力显著升高,最高达45%;肝脏中SOD2表达量升高、XOD表达量下降;肝组织病变程度好于CCl4组。与CCl4组相比较,PW、MA和MW组小鼠血清中ALT和AST活力显著下降,但其他生化指标及肝组织病变程度与CCl4组比较无统计学差异。LP对CCl4诱导肝损伤小鼠的保护机制可能为通过对体内氧自由基的清除,维持肝细胞的稳定性。     

芦荟多糖对小鼠急性肝损伤保护作用的研究

小鼠经库拉索芦荟多糖（APS）和四氯化碳处理后，分别用比色法测定血清谷丙转氨酶（ALT）水平、硫酸巴比妥法测定肝组织丙二醛（MDA）含量，并观察肝组织显微结构和超微结构的变化以研究APS对小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用。实验表明：APS对四氯化碳引起的小鼠急性肝损伤有明显保护作用。     

壳寡糖对四氯化碳诱导的肝损伤的保护作用

目的研究壳寡糖(COS)对四氯化碳(CCl4)诱导的肝损伤的保护作用。方法雄性昆明种小鼠24只分为3组,正常对照组及CCl4模型对照组予以相应体积的生理盐水,COS组灌胃给予COS(1.5g/kg),后2组于第12天腹腔注射CCl4(20mg/kg)形成肝损伤模型。测定3组小鼠血清中丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)和天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)活性,以及肝匀浆中丙二醛(MDA)含量和DNA损伤情况。结果COS组与CCl4模型对照组相比,ALT,AST活性和MDA含量分别低62.2%,52.9%和34.3%。DNA电泳结果示,COS组与CCl4模型对照组的DNA链都形成一系列约1000bp的DNA片断。结论COS对CCl4诱导的肝损伤有较明显的保护作用,但是不能减轻DNA的氧化性损伤。     

Drying of foods using supercritical carbon dioxide — Investigations with carrot

The use of supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO₂) for the removal of moisture from cylindrical pieces of carrot has been investigated. The experiments were carried out at 20 MPa pressure and the effects of temperature and co-solvent (ethanol) addition were examined. At the investigated conditions, comparisons with air-drying indicated that drying kinetics and the associated drying mechanisms differed between the techniques. The microstructural characteristics of carrot pieces that had been dried using the different techniques were compared using X-ray microtomography and light microscopy. Carrots dried in the supercritical fluid environment were seen to retain their shape much better than air-dried carrots which underwent shrinkage. Samples dried in ethanol-modified scCO₂ possessed less dense structures and consequently displayed more favourable rehydrated textural properties than the air-dried equivalents.

Industrial relevance

Drying is a common unit operation in food processing, but the rehydrated product is often of very poor quality. Comparatively little work has been done on optimising drying for quality of the final, rehydrated product. Supercritical drying is a possible way of maintaining product microstructure, and this paper describes experiments in which the supercritical drying of carrot is studied and compared with conventional processes.