铝、钛及其合金异种金属交流钨极氩弧焊电弧微熔钎焊方法

涉及一种铝、钛及其合金异种金属交流钨极氩弧焊电弧微熔钎焊方法。它针对钛的散热问题，及现有设备昂贵、生产周期长的缺点，提出本方法：①将钛或钛合金板对接处开坡口和钝边，其下部固定在带有循环冷却水装置的铜卡具上，其上部安有振动装置，将它们置于充满惰性气体的焊接舱中；②启动循环冷却水装置和振动装置并焊接，利用交流钨极氩弧焊电弧微熔钎焊方法在钛或钛合金板的坡口处堆敷铝合金，完成后将铝合金开成1～5cm厚的铝合金层，并开坡口和钝边；     

铝合金氧—乙炔钎焊火焰的探讨

问题的提出铝合金可用真空钎焊、盐浴钎焊、炉中钎焊等方法连接。铝合金火焰钎焊设备简单、操作灵活、成本低,特别适用于生产品种多而数量少的产品。火焰、钎料和钎剂是铝合金火焰钎焊的三个基本要素。有的文献认为,用硬钎料和34A钎剂(相当于剂201)钎焊铝及其合金时,不宜用氧—乙炔火焰加热,田使用汽油喷灯火焰。但作者均未在理论上阐明不能用氧—乙炔火焰钎焊铝及其合金的机理。很多单位受这种文献观点之拘束,放弃现     

高强度ZA合金的钎焊研究

研制出了适合ZA合金钎焊的钎料、钎剂；确定了合适的钎焊工艺。探讨了适合ZA合金的炉中钎焊及火焰钎焊的钎焊工艺参数。得出了用这2种钎焊方法钎焊ZA合金的最适合的钎焊工艺参数：钎焊温度320℃，保温时间15min，钎缝间隙0．1—0．2mm。在这种钎焊工艺下对ZA合金进行钎焊，完全可以满足模具修复和连接的使用性能要求。     

钛及钛合金焊接方法的选择及常用的焊前清理方法

由于钛及钛合金的化学活性大，易被氧、氮、氢所污染，所以不能采用手弧焊、CO2气体保护焊等焊接方法进行焊接。目前常用的焊接方法是氩弧焊、埋弧焊和真空电子束焊等，其中尤以钨极氩弧焊用得最为普遍。近年来等离子弧焊、电阻点焊、缝焊、钎焊和扩散焊得到应用。     

ZA12合金氩弧焊HAZ组织模拟及摩擦学性能

在对ＺＡ１２合金钨极氩弧焊接头ＨＡＺ不同部位（测点）焊接热循环曲线大量测试和计算基础上,借助于焊接热模拟技术,设计了进行焊接ＨＡＺ显微组织模拟的热循环参数,并在ＤＭ－１０００Ａ型电阻加热热模拟试验机上,实现了ＺＡ１２合金钨极氩弧焊焊接ＨＡＺ加热峰值温度θｍ＝３７０℃,３０５℃区域（测点）显微组织的模拟。研究结果表明,ＺＡ１２合金钨极氩弧焊焊接ＨＡＺ组织热模拟试样的耐磨性均高于母材,并均随负荷的增加     

高压开关合金触头的非熔炼焊料电阻钎焊

高压开关合金触头是油断器、空气断路器及其它类型断路器在分断时耐电弧的重要部件。其材料种类很多,如钨铜合金、钨银合金、银—碳化钨等。目前,国内高压开关合金触头的焊接大都处于手工氧—乙炔气焊的落后水平。为适应祖国社会主义建设事业的发展,在史无前例的无产阶级文化大革命中,我厂焊接工人和技术人员,高举“鞍钢宪法”伟大红旗,对多种焊接新工艺(真空钎焊、氢气炉钎焊、爆炸焊、摩擦焊及电阻钎焊等)进行了试验,认为电阻钎焊技术是比较适合于高压开关合金触头大量生产和高效率的一种好方     

不同焊接方法和热处理对P92钢焊接接头组织及硬度的影响

采用手工电弧焊和钨极氩弧焊两种方法对P92钢板实施焊接,并对部分焊接接头进行焊后热处理。利用金相显微镜对不同焊接方法下热处理前后的焊接接头进行组织观察及对比,用硬度计对焊接接头的显微硬度进行测试。结果表明:热处理前,两种焊接方法得到的焊缝区及靠近焊缝的热影响区组织均为板条马氏体组织+残余奥氏体;经焊后热处理后,焊接接头组织均为回火托氏体。焊缝区向母材区过渡时,硬度值不断下降,经热处理后,焊接接头不同部位硬度相差较小。对比两种焊接方法,钨极氩弧焊的焊接线能量比手工电弧焊焊接线能量低0.56 kJ/m,热处理前后相同区域,钨极氩弧焊的组织更细小,硬度较高。     

过渡层焊材选型对薄内衬304/Q235B复合管焊后耐蚀性影响

薄内衬双金属复合管受管壁厚度影响，无法对内衬层进行单道次焊接。文中对内衬层304厚度0.6 mm，基层Q235B厚度4.0 mm的双金属复合管，采用钨极氩弧焊及过渡层+基层2层3道次的焊接方法，选用ER309L焊丝、 TGF309L焊丝及ERNiCrMo-3焊丝进行过渡层的焊接，选用ER70S-6焊丝进行基层焊接，设计了3种焊接方案，对焊接接头进行了显微组织和耐蚀性能分析，重点分析不同过渡层焊材的选取对焊接接头耐蚀性能的影响。结果表明，3种焊接方案的焊缝成形良好，选用ER309L和TGF309L焊丝焊接的过渡层焊缝显微组织致密，为奥氏体+少量蠕虫状铁素体，焊缝-母材合金元素过渡均匀，焊后接头自腐蚀电流较小；选用ERNiCrMo-3焊丝焊接其过渡层显微组织特点为镍元素不能充分扩散，在奥氏体中出现聚集现象，并伴有晶间组织，焊后接头钝化区间长度及击破电位较高，3组方案耐腐蚀性能均强于复合管母材。     

稳压器防热冲击套管与安全端焊缝接头结构设计和焊接工艺

分别设计了适用于手工钨极氩弧焊和半自动钨极氩弧焊的防热冲击套管与安全端焊缝的接头结构形式,通过焊接试验验证了接头结构和焊接工艺的合理性.试验结果表明:采用手工钨极氩弧焊工艺方法时,焊接接头设计成带熔化嵌环的结构形式,是保证焊接接头质量的必要措施之一;采用半自动钨极氩弧焊工艺方法时,可以将焊接接头设计成带有一定钝边厚度、坡口角度适中的对接接头形式,半自动钨极氩弧焊的精确、稳定的运动轨迹,以及合适的焊接工艺参数,可以得到内外表面平整,质量优良的焊接接头.     

手工钨极氩弧焊摇摆焊操作法探析

手工钨极氩弧焊摇摆焊是一种焊缝表面及背面成形良好的焊接方法,广泛应用于多种材质板材的无障碍焊接及直径较大的管材焊接。对手工钨极氩弧焊摇摆焊操作特点及操作注意事项等进行了介绍,并与常规焊法作了对比分析,为广大手工钨极氩弧焊的实践操作者和焊接培训机构教学提供参考。     

An Analysis of Selected Properties of ZA Alloys

Zinc-aluminum (ZA) alloys are a relatively new family of zinc foundry alloys having superior melting and casting characteristics and attractive mechanical properties. The ZA-8 and ZA-12 alloys are moderate to high strength materials while ZA-27 is a high-strength alloy. All can be sand cast, permanent molded and pressure die cast. An extensive characterization program is being implemented to develop appropriate and reliable engineering data for designers. Property development in all aspects of ZA metallurgy is welladvanced. The data available on selected physical and mechanical properties of ZA alloys is compared here with the properties of traditional casting alloys.     

Applying Taguchi method to study the wear behaviour of ZA-27 alloy-based composites reinforced with SiC nanoparticles

The tribological behaviour of ZA-27 alloy reinforced with nanosized SiC has not been studied. Thus, this work attempts to investigate this effect by utilising Taguchi’s factorial experiment approach. Accordingly, ZA-27 alloys reinforced with different weight fractions of SiC nanoparticles were produced using double stir casting technique. In wear test, the effect of normal load, sliding speed and reinforcement content were studied. The results revealed that reinforcing ZA-27 alloy with SiC nanoparticles improved its wear behaviour, while adding a large amount of reinforcements have a negative effect. The ANOVA test indicates that both reinforcement contents and normal load have statistically significant effects on wear rate while the effect of sliding speed is less significant. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to examine worn surfaces, where features observed on monolithic alloy worn surface are typical signs for adhesive wear. The worn surfaces of metal matrix nanocomposites (MMNCs) have typical features for abrasive wear.     

感应淬火对合金铸铁组织与油摩擦性能的影响

目的 优化感应淬火工艺,为提高合金铸铁表面硬度及耐磨性能提供理论依据。方法 通过热力学计算和同步热分析法测试分析了合金铸铁相变规律,并对该材料在6 kW和8 kW功率下进行了2~8 s高频表面淬火。采用扫描电镜(SEM)、洛氏硬度计、摩擦磨损试验机,研究了不同感应淬火工艺对合金铸铁显微组织、硬度和摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果 合金铸铁经感应淬火后,组织为珠光体+马氏体+石墨+磷共晶,随加热时间延长,马氏体含量增多,珠光体与磷共晶逐渐减少,直至6 kW/8 s、8 kW/6 s时消失,但是继续延长时间会产生裂纹。硬化区硬度随加热时间增长而提高,峰值为50HRC,二者的关系可用Logistic曲线描述。硬度升高会提升耐磨性,超过一定硬度后,摩擦系数在0.11波动。不同形式的裂纹可以造成磨痕宽度具有不同的变化规律。结论 感应淬火可有效提升合金铸铁的表面硬度及油摩擦性能。     

铸铁喷焊组织及力学性能研究

为了解决铸铁焊补中焊缝处存在白口、淬硬组织以及裂纹等问题,采用氧乙炔火焰喷枪喷焊自熔性合金粉末F101和Ni60焊接球墨铸铁和用铸铁焊条Z308电弧冷焊球墨铸铁,并对试样进行抗拉强度、硬度测试和金相组织观察。结果表明:用铸铁焊条电弧冷焊后焊缝有白口、淬硬组织及裂纹;用Ni60合金粉末喷焊后熔合区硬度出现突变,硬度高达701HV,与母材硬度值差别很大,用F101合金粉末喷焊后热影响区及焊缝处硬度值与母材差别不大;金相组织观察表明焊缝与母材除了机械结合外,还有冶金结合。喷焊的焊缝无裂纹,且结合强度高于铸铁焊条的焊缝。     

Sliding wear and friction behavior of ZA-27 alloy reinforced by Mn-containing intermetallic compounds

A ZA-27 alloy reinforced with M n-containing intermeta llic compounds was prepared and its tribological behaviors were investigated. By adding Mn, RE, Ti and B into ZA-27 alloy, the test alloy (ZMJ) was fabricated by sand casting. Microstructural analysis shows that considerable amount of Mn-containing intermetallic compounds such as Al5MnZn, Al9(MnZn)2 and Al65 Mn(RE)6Ti4Zn36 are formed. Compared to ZA-27, ZMJ shows better wear resistance, lower friction coefficient and lower temperature rise of worn surface under lubricated sliding condition. ZMJ also shows the lowest steady friction coefficient under dry friction condition. The wear resistance improvement of ZMJ is mainly attributed to the high hardness and good dispersion of these Mn-containing intermetallic compounds. It is indicated that the intermetallic compounds play a dominant role in reducing the sever adhesive and abrasive wear of the ZA-27 alloy.     

OBSERVATION ON MICROSTRUCTURE OF LASER MELTED TRANSITION ZONE

The surface alloying specimen was made from the steel 45 substrate overcoating byoxygen-acetylene flame spraying Fe-Cr-Ni alloy powder and laser remelting.The chemicalheterogeneity was clearly observed on the transition zone between the laser melted zone andheat-affected zone by means of EPMA,AES and SEM.This heterogeneity is rather seriousduring high temperature tempering,so the decarburization on the transition zone side and therecarburization on the melted zone side were found.     

铸铁喷焊组织及力学性能

为了解决铸铁焊补中焊缝处存在白口、淬硬组织以及裂纹等问题,采用氧乙炔火焰喷枪喷焊自熔性合金粉末F101和Ni60焊接球墨铸铁以及用铸铁焊条Z308电弧冷焊球墨铸铁,并对试样进行抗拉强度、硬度和金相组织分析.结果表明,用铸铁焊条电弧冷焊后焊缝有白口、淬硬组织及裂纹;用Ni60合金粉末喷焊后熔合区硬度出现突变,硬度高达701 HV,与母材硬度值差别很大,用F101合金粉末喷焊后热影响区及焊缝处硬度值与母材差别不大;金相组织分析表明焊缝与母材除了机械结合外,还有冶金结合.喷焊的焊缝无裂纹,且结合强度高于铸铁焊条的焊缝.     

Microstructure and Properties of ZA-27TiRE Alloy

The influence of RE and Tion ZA-27 casting alloy was studied. The results show that RE and Ti refinemicrostructure of the alloy and improve its mechanical properties and wear-resistance, which make it possibleto use ZA-27TiRE casting alloy in the field of artificial limb industry.     

Research on spraying and fusing of non-self-fluxing copper powdered alloy on cast iron surface

0IntroductionIt is well known that not every powdered alloy can beused for spraying and fusing. There are two important de-mands to powdered alloy for this usage: Firstly, its moltenpoint should be below that of the matrix; secondly itshould be self-fluxing. Meanwhile not only the coatingquality but also the feasibility of some technologies are in-fluenced greatly by the property of the powder, obviouslythe development and research on the powder is a choke-point that restricts the development …     

反应火焰喷涂TiC/Fe复合涂层的动力学

以钛铁、铁和石墨为主要原料,用反应火焰喷涂技术制备TiC/Fe复合涂层。在喷涂过程中,在氧乙炔火焰条件下引燃Fe-Ti-C体系的自蔓延高温合成(SHS)反应,研究该SHS反应的动力学。结果表明,适当增加铁和石墨,或减小反应组元的粒度,会显著降低体系的点火温度,可促进Fe-Ti-C反应体系在氧乙炔火焰中的点火进程。喷涂粉末粒度、氧乙炔火焰功率、喷涂距离以及喷涂粉末的原料配比均会影响Ti-C间的反应程度,从而影响Fe-Ti-C体系的反应动力学。