基于商空间理论的遥感图像分割

Sankar K.Pal等最近提出了一种基于"粗糙熵"的图像分割算法,主要是按照目标和背景这两大类对图像进行分割,不足之处在于不能满足多类目标提取的需要。为此,基于商空间的粒度分解和粒度合成原理,综合粗糙集和聚类算法对之进行改进。通过对遥感图像进行分割处理,证明了改进后算法的有效性。     

基于梯度算子的蚁群图像分割算法研究

提出了一种基于梯度算子的改进蚁群图像分割算法,解决了用传统分割方法很难将目标与背景灰度值相似图像分割的难题.该算法基于经典的梯度算子图像分割,从聚类的角度出发,综合像素的灰度、梯度特征进行特征分割.蚁群算法是一种具有离散性、并行性、鲁棒性和模糊聚类能力的进化方法,通过设置不同的蚁群、聚类中心、启发式引导函数和信息激素来解决蚁群算法循环次数多,计算量大的模糊聚类问题.实验证明,该改进蚁群算法可以快速准确的分割出背景和目标灰度值极其相似图片的目标图像,是一种有效的图像分割方法.     

融入类贡献抑制因子的灰度级模糊C均值图像分割

基于灰度级模糊C均值图像分割算法具有分割速度快的优势。由于无损检测图像中背景类和目标类差异较大,该算法不能有效地将目标分割出来,故提出改进的基于灰度级的模糊C均值算法。构建了一种与类大小反向相关的类贡献抑制因子表达式,将之融入目标函数后能够降低较大类对目标函数的贡献,这可避免较小类的聚类中心受较大类的影响而靠近较大类的聚类中心。最小化新的目标函数可得新形式的隶属度和聚类中心表征形式。采用类大小差异较大的无损检测图像进行试验,结果显示本文算法得到的分割图像视觉效果良好,而且指标G_mean也更高,进一步提升了基于灰度级模糊C均值算法适应能力。     

基于粒子群的改进模糊聚类图像分割算法

基于粒子群优化的改进模糊聚类图像分割算法将微粒群搜索聚类中心作为图像分割的聚类初值,克服了FCM分割算法对聚类中心初值敏感的缺点,大幅提高了图像分割算法的计算速度。改进的模糊聚类图像分割算法,一方面考虑到像素的空间位置信息和相互邻域之间像素有很大的相关性,在目标函数中引入邻域惩罚函数;另一方面提出聚类在二维方向上进行更新的思想,建立了包含邻域单元熵的新聚类目标函数。实验结果表明,该方法可以使模糊聚类的速度得到明显提高,对初始聚类中心不敏感,抗噪能力强,是一种有效的模糊聚类图像分割方法。     

基于改进混合蛙跳算法的图像阈值分割算法

针对最大类间方差法在图像分割时存在造成噪声干扰和过分割的缺点,提出一种基于改进混合蛙跳算法的图像阈值分割算法。算法将苹果图像编码处理,选取图像的类间方差作为改进混合蛙跳算法的适应度值,通过改进的混合蛙跳算法寻找最大的分割阈值,利用该最优阈值使用经典最大类间方差法对花牛苹果图像进行分割。选取强光、较强光、较弱光和弱光条件下四幅花牛苹果图像进行分割实验,结果表明,采用基于改进混合蛙跳算法的图像阈值分割算法较最大类间方差法和基于混合蛙跳算法的图像阈值分割算法均具有较好的图像阈值寻优能力,可有效改善花牛苹果图像的分割效果。     

基于改进和声搜索算法的玉米叶片病害图像分割算法

针对最大类间方差法在图像分割时存在造成噪声干扰和过分割的缺点,提出一种基于改进和声搜索算法的玉米叶片病害图像分割算法。算法将玉米叶片病害图像编码处理,选取图像的类间方差作为改进和声搜索算法的适应度值,通过改进和声搜索算法寻找最优的分割阈值,利用该最优阈值使用经典最大类间方差法对玉米叶片病害图像进行分割。选取强光、中光、弱光条件下三幅玉米叶片病害图像进行分割实验,结果表明采用基于改进和声搜索算法的玉米叶片病害图像分割算法较最大类间方差法和基于混合蛙跳算法的图像阈值分割算法均具有较好的图像阈值寻优能力,可有效提高玉米叶片病害图像中病斑分割的效果。     

一种融合Canny和改进ISODATA的砾岩图像分割算法

针对基于边缘流和传统ISODATA（迭代自组织的数据分析算法）相融合的算法对砾岩图像进行分割时存在速度慢、分割不准确的问题,提出了一种融合Canny和改进ISODATA聚类相结合的砾岩图像分割算法。该算法将图像从RGB色彩空间转换到Lab色彩空间,利用Canny算子对砾岩图像的L分量进行边缘提取,得到过分割图像;运用改进的ISODATA聚类算法进行聚类,得到聚类图像,消除了Canny算子的过分割问题。在砾岩图像的分割应用中,该算法取得了较好的分割效果。     

复杂纹理图像分割方法研究与实现

复杂纹理分割是图像分割领域的难点之一,给出了基于模糊粒度计算与模糊聚类相结合的分割算法,实验表明该算法对复杂纹理图像分割十分有效。     

一种基于约束关系的电子病历图像分割核聚类算法

针对电子病历中图像分割问题，提出了基于约束关系的改进核聚类算法，该算法通过引入约束关系在图像分割前进行修正，从而提高图像分割效果。该核聚类算法在MRI中电子病历图像分割实验的结果表明，施加约束关系的核聚类算法能有效地解决电子病历图像中含噪声以及灰度不均匀等问题，具有一定的鲁棒性和较好的图像分割效果。     

改进的交互式Otsu红外图像分割算法

为提高红外图像中目标分割的精度和抗噪性能,提出了一种改进的交互式Otsu图像分割算法。采用图像信息熵特征和类间方差特征对经典Otsu算法的阈值判别函数进行改进,获得的最优阈值能较好地将目标从背景中分割出来,且具有良好的边缘保持效果,提高了算法的分割精度。同时,针对红外图像目标单一的特点,采用交互式粗分割的思路,先在红外图像中提取包含目标的局部封闭区域,进而在提取的区域内进行改进的Otsu分割。通过对红外图像激光光斑目标提取过程的实验结果表明：改进的Otsu分割算法大大降低了背景噪声对分割算法的影响,提高了抗噪性能与分割精度,且最大程度地减少分割算法的运算量,并较好地保持了目标模糊边缘,分割效果优于传统的Otsu算法和相关的改进Otsu算法。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.