含透镜体的地质体真三维建模算法

针对该类复杂地质体真三维建模算法的稀少性,基于体元建模的思想,提出了一种能够恰当表达含透镜体的地层真三维模型——VGTP体元模型.给出了基于VGTP、多面体和TEN的复杂地质体三维整体建模算法;针对VGTP中包含透镜体的情况,设计了一种基于约束面的VGTP剖分成四面体的直接生长算法,把剔除透镜体空间后剩余的不规则地层空间直接剖分成四面体,同时把透镜体也剖分成结构一致的四面体.算法过程中较少用户干预,有着较高的自动化水平,为研究矿山复杂地质体的构造提供了坚实的技术基础.     

基于三棱柱体体元的三维地质体可视化

三维地质体可视化是地质研究和工程勘查勘探领域直观表达地层钻探数据必不可少的手段.在三维地质体可视化中为了同时表现地质体的外在特征和内在特征,一般应用基于体元的的建模方法.首先讨论基于三棱柱体体元的建模方法以及基于该建模方法的模型的剖分算法,然后利用该建模方法和模型的剖分算法实现了地质体的显示和虚拟钻探.     

基于TIN的三维地质建模研究

将三维地质建模技术用于地质分析,提出一种基于TIN的建模方法。采用带断层约束的三角剖分算法,实现海量数据Delaunay三角剖分,建立地质层面模型,以地层和断层为约束,根据层序地层学原理,按层序网格表征方式细分地层,建立层序模型,并在结构模型的基础上,使用距离加权反比法估算网格结点的属性,建立地质体属性模型。     

直接体绘制技术在地质体三维可视化中的应用研究

将直接体绘制技术应用于地质体三维可视化,首先对原始钻孔数据进行插值、网格化等预处理得到满足直接体绘制需要的规则体数据,从而建立反映地层分布的地质体三维标量数据场;然后用直接体绘制技术绘制三维地质体,避免了体元建模方法中在对地质体进行剖切等操作时必须要解决的剖面与体元之间复杂的判断求交等过程。采用该方法实现了对某地区地质体的三维可视化。     

表面—体元一体化矿体三维模型算法研究及其实现

针对现有的矿体面-体混合建模方法要在表面模型和内部体元模型的边界处划分若干子块,存在子块的计算量随精度快速增加的问题,提出了一种基于矢量栅格一体化的矿体建模算法,重点研究了算法中表面与体元模型相交检测、ARTP体元剖切相交体元方法的实现。该算法采用剖分的体元代替子块,提高了计算精度,减少了数据冗余。     

三维地质模型分析概述

由于三维地质建模需要对矿体的品位等属性信息进行详细的描述,所以三维地学建模须采用基于体元的方法建模,也可以由表面模型栅格化为体元模型。综述了现在常用的三维地质建模的一般方法,实体模型、四面体、块体模型、结构实体几何、似三棱柱等,并对各自的优缺点进行了分析,着重介绍了基于体元的建模方法,可为三维地质建模初学者提供一定的参考。     

基于pillar grid三维地质体表面模型提取算法

在油气勘探开发过程中,三维地质建模技术应用越来越广泛。pillar grid是目前主流三维地质建模软件应用的结构化网格,提供储层流体流动的描述方法。如何更加直观地展示地质体构造形态,将地质体网格数据中三维地质体表面模型提取出来在地质建模中具有较高的应用价值。因此,提出一种三维地质体表面提取算法,对基于pillar grid三维地质体数据进行解析,提出其表面模型来辅助计算机可视化展示。该算法主要包含基于pillar grid无断层三维地质体表面模型提取算法和带有复杂断层三维地质体表面模型提取算法两部分。通过实际的三维地质体模型数据进行算法验证,证实该算法能够较好地实现基于pillar grid复杂三维地质体表面模型提取功能,满足实际需求,具有应用价值。     

综合录井井下三维地层可视化建模研究与实现

针对综合录井井下地层特点,采用多层DEM三维可视化模型对地下地质环境进行三维描述,实现综合录井三维地层实时显示.将三维坐标投影转换到二维坐标系中,采用二维Delaunay剖分改进算法构建Delaunay三角网;探讨了剖分后的不规则三角网(TIN)到格网的转换和插值以及通过格网DEM构建三维地层;介绍了根据选择的剖切面方程生成地质体的剖面.系统采用VC++6.0和OPENGL图形接口作为开发平台,可以从任意的角度对剖切开的三维地质体进行观察和分析也能够从任意的角度对三维地质体整体进行观察、缩放和剖切等操作.     

六面体体元网格三维地质模型剖切算法

针对常用的六面体体元网格三维地质模型,提出了一种求剖切面的算法.首先,采用分层投影求交点的方式,将地质体模型与切割面投影到同一平面,三维空间下的地质体模型与切割面的剖切转化为二维平面上的四边形网格与切线段求交点的运算.为减少判交次数,先根据切线走势判断可能存在交点的区域,再对可能区域进行精确判交.其次,找到并求出不能通过投影方式得到的交点.然后,将得到的所有交点按规则组成四边形网格,对每个四边形三角化处理得到TIN形式的剖切面.最后,对该TIN面进行显示.实验证明了对六面体体元网格三维地质模型剖切的可行性.     

基于四面体剖分的并行地质块体建模方法

针对传统三维地质建模面临的内存消耗大,运行效率低的问题,提出了一种基于非结构四面体网格的并行地质块体建模方法。该方法采用“分治合并”的思想。首先将地质层位散点融合分割成若干个独立封闭块体;然后对每个块体进行表面三角形网格剖分,限定四面体剖分等步骤,形成块体的四面体网格剖分;最后将所有块体网格合并成最终地质模型。该方法中的块体剖分步骤应用多进程并行进行,提高了方法效率,并分摊计算机内存压力,可满足大尺度地质构造块体建模需求。该方法可为基于非结构网格的数值方法（如有限体积法、有限元方法等）的地震正演、偏移等算法提供合适的模型数据。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。