一种多输入多输出变换域通信系统的设计与仿真

传统的变换域通信系统TDCS(Transform Domain Communication System)在获得强抗干扰能力的同时,存在传输有效性差的问题,这已成为制约其广泛应用的技术瓶颈。通过引入多输入多输出MIMO(Multiple-input Multiple-output)技术改进收发端天线,提出了一种多输入多输出变换域通信系统(MIMO-TDCS)。对其基本原理和收发信机模型作了简要介绍,并进行了信道容量的分析和仿真,结果表明,MIMO-TDCS是一种兼具传输有效性和可靠性的通信手段。     

基于OFDM的MIMO-TDCS设计及性能研究

针对多输入多输出变换域通信系统(MIMO-TDCS)存在频谱利用率低的问题,基于OFDM系统所使用的FFT/IFFT数据调制解调思想,提出了一种在频域上对TDCS符号进行多数据符号加载的系统。理论上系统能够在一个TDCS符号上传输多个数据符号,能有效地提高频带利用率,并且解调过程运用FFT变换可简化解调结构的复杂度。通过仿真分析,验证了在符号传输功率一定并保证一定误码率性能的条件下,基于OFDM的MIMO-TDCS能够有效提高频谱利用率。     

一种多输人多输出变换域通信系统的设计与仿真

传统的变换域通信系统TDCS(Transform Domain Communication System)在获得强抗干扰能力的同时,存在传输有效性差的问题,这已成为制约其广泛应用的技术瓶颈.通过引入多输入多输出MIMO( Multiple-input Multiple- output)技术改进收发端天线,提出了一种多输...     

一种多径衰落水声MIMO信道自适应均衡仿真研究

水声通信信道带宽十分有限,为了提高信道容量和传输速率,将MIMO技术应用于水声通信.针对多径衰落引起的码间干扰(ISI)和多个发射信号间的信道间干扰(CCI),采用多组判决反馈均衡器结构,能够同时消除ISI和CCI的影响,分别提取各个发射机上的不同数据.给出了MIMO均衡器的结构、最小均方误差解和LMS均衡算法.通过计算机仿真,证明了该方法的有效性,并将单发单收(SISO)均衡与两发两收情况下的MIMO均衡进行了性能对比.结果显示,尽管MIMO均衡的误码率略高,但却可以获得两倍于SISO系统的数据传输速率,有很好的应用前景.     

新型卫星导航系统在半盲信道中的抗干扰研究

新型卫星导航系统是中国自行研制的卫星导航系统,其主要特点是在多输入多输出系统(Multiple input multiple output,MIMO)中进行抗干扰处理.本文提出了新型卫星导航系统在半盲MIMO信道中的抗干扰算法,利用MATLAB进行仿真,比较了确定信道和半盲信道在改变干扰位置、改变接收天线数目以及改变阵列类型情况下的抗干扰性能.仿真结果表明了半盲信道抗干扰算法的实用性和优越性.     

几种协作分集模式能量消耗比较

为了提高通信性能和延长无线网络生命周期,提出了统一的系统模型;分析了选择译码转发(SDF)和多输入多输出(MIMO)协作工作模式,研究了影响能耗的几个因素。研究表明,对于同一平均误比特率值,SDF系统比单输入单输出(SISO)系统的能量消耗低;当发射节点数目固定时,MIMO协作方式接收节点不是越多越好,而是存在一个最佳数目。短距离时,协作MIMO系统比传统SISO系统的比特能耗高。大于临界距离时,协作MIMO系统才能节省能量。     

基于最小均方误差的多用户MIMO下行预编码

在多输入多输出(MIMO)多用户下行链路中,可联合收发处理和功率分配,从而获得更好的通信性能。提出的多用户MIMO预编码方法分解成两步实现:首先消除用户间的干扰使之等效为多个单用户系统,在此基础上以最小均方误差(MMSE)为准则,进行收发的联合优化和功率分配,从而改善系统的误码率(BER)性能。仿真表明,所提出的方法与现有的一些方法相比,可以获得较大的信噪比(SNR)增益。     

MIMO阵列正交频分发射波形模糊函数分析

多输入多输出(Multiple-Input Multiple-Output,MIMO)阵列因具有的优越性能在通信技术研究中成为信号处理界研究的热点,对发射波形设计是MIMO阵列应用的关键.建立了MIMO阵列的发射、接收信号模型,针对MIMO阵列及发射信号正交的特点,在远场窄带情况下对MIMO模糊度函数进行简化.从目标分辨力的角度出发,利用仿真分析了MIMO阵列不同发射阵元数正交频分线性调频(LFM)信号的模糊函数特点.仿真结果表明MIMO阵列的分辨能力优于常规相控阵,随着发射阵元数目的增大,系统的距离和角度分辨力有显著提高,多普勒分辨力保持不变.     

面向5 G无线通信系统的关键技术综述

对未来无线通信系统的几种潜在的关键通信技术,如异构网络、大规模多输入多输出(MIMO)通信、绿色通信和毫米波通信,给出了较详尽的论述与讨论。首先简要介绍了未来无线通信网络结构的异构化变化所引起的复杂干扰信号的出现及能源消耗增加问题。介绍了大规模MIMO通信技术的优点,大规模MIMO通信的研究现状与研究难点。详尽叙述了分别以频谱效率、能源效率和资源效率最大化为目标的绿色无线通信传输优化问题的解决方案。最后,给出了进一步解决频谱稀缺问题的毫米波无线通信系统的混合波束成形的方案。     

数据链抗干扰性能分析

美军联合战术信息分发系统(JTIDS)采用扩频、MSK调制和跳频的组合调制体制以及RS编码、交织多层纠检错编码体系,使系统具有很强的抗干扰性能.以JTIDS为背景,研究数据链通信系统的结构以及采用的抗干扰体制,分析该系统在不同信道环境和人为干扰方式下的符号误码率,并运用SIMULINK通信仿真平台对该系统在高斯白噪声及部分频带干扰情况下的抗干扰性能进行了仿真,对仿真结果进行了分析.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.     

Editorial: Special issue on recent advances in hybrid control theory and applications

正The demands of a rapidly advancing technology for faster and more accurate controllers have always had a strong influence on the progress of automatic control theory.In recent years control problems have been arising with increasing frequency in widely different areas,which cannot be addressed using conventional control techniques.The principal reason for this is the fact that a highly competitive economy is forcing systems to operate in regimes where     

Information for Authors

正Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)areedited by the international board of distinguished Chinese andforeign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest devel-opments and achievements in scientific research in China andoverseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulateand promote academic exchange between Chinese and for-eign scientists everywhere.     

Enhancing a leaf radiative transfer model to estimate concentrations and in vivo specific absorption coefficients of total carotenoids and chlorophylls a and b from single-needle reflectance and transmittance

The relative concentrations of different pigments within a leaf have significant physiological and spectral consequences. Photosynthesis, light use efficiency, mass and energy exchange, and stress response are dependent on relationships among an ensemble of pigments. This ensemble also determines the visible characteristics of a leaf, which can be measured remotely and used to quantify leaf biochemistry and structure. But current remote sensing approaches are limited in their ability to resolve individual pigments. This paper focuses on the incorporation of three pigments—chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total carotenoids—into the LIBERTY leaf radiative transfer model to better understand relationships between leaf biochemical, biophysical, and spectral properties.Pinus ponderosa and Pinus jeffreyi needles were collected from three sites in the California Sierra Nevada. Hemispheric single-leaf visible reflectance and transmittance and concentrations of chlorophylls a and b and total carotenoids of fresh needles were measured. These data were input to the enhanced LIBERTY model to estimate optical and biochemical properties of pine needles. The enhanced model successfully estimated reflectance (RMSE = 0.0255, BIAS = 0.00477, RMS%E = 16.7%), had variable success estimating transmittance (RMSE = 0.0442, BIAS = 0.0294, RMS%E = 181%), and generated very good estimates of carotenoid concentrations (RMSE = 2.48 µg/cm², BIAS = 0.143 µg/cm², RMS%E = 20.4%), good estimates of chlorophyll a concentrations (RMSE = 10.7 µg/cm², BIAS = − 0.992 µg/cm², RMS%E = 21.1%), and fair estimates of chlorophyll b concentrations (RMSE = 7.49 µg/cm², BIAS = − 2.12 µg/cm², RMS%E = 43.7%). Overall root mean squared errors of reflectance, transmittance, and pigment concentration estimates were lower for the three-pigment model than for the single-pigment model. The algorithm to estimate three in vivo specific absorption coefficients is robust, although estimated values are distorted by inconsistencies in model biophysics. The capacity to invert the model from single-leaf reflectance and transmittance was added to the model so it could be coupled with vegetation canopy models to estimate canopy biochemistry from remotely sensed data.     

Mr. Twinn’s bombes

This article discusses the history and design of the special versions of the bombe key-finding machines used by Britain’s Government Code & Cypher School (GC&CS) during World War II to attack the Enigma traffic of the Abwehr (the German military intelligence service). These special bombes were based on the design of their more numerous counterparts used against the traffic of the German armed services, but differed from them in important ways that highlight the adaptability of the British bombe design, and the power and flexibility of the diagonal board. Also discussed are the changes in the Abwehr indicating system that drove the development of these machines, the ingenious ways in which they were used, and some related developments involving the bombes used by the U.S. Navy’s cryptanalytic unit (OP-20-G).