材料抗冲蚀性的研究进展

综述了材料内在因素和环境因素变化对冲蚀的影响,韧性材料的耐冲蚀性能优于脆性材料,脆性材料仅在10^0冲蚀角以下才表现出较好的耐冲蚀性;冲蚀下的脆性材料和塑性材料的区分不仅与材料的韧脆性有关,还与冲击粒子的动能有关。当粒子质量发生变化时,材料的冲蚀机理随之变化;影响材料耐冲蚀磨损的重要内在因素是弹性模量而不是硬度;各种冲蚀机理都有一定的适应性和局限性。     

金属及陶瓷材料冲蚀研究的进展

固体颗粒冲击材料表面造成的冲蚀磨损，受入射粒子及靶材性能等多种因素影响；本文综述了金属材料的微切削、挤压锻造、变形磨损及脱层冲蚀磨损模型和陶瓷材料的弹塑性、准静态及晶粒弹射等冲蚀模型，以及由于入射粒子碎裂引起的二次冲蚀模型，并讨论了冲蚀的影响因素。     

材料的冲蚀问题

本文分析讨论了近年来材料冲蚀研究进展，总结出只有当入射角度非常低或入射粒子粒径相当小时，脆性材料的冲蚀率才有可能比韧性材料的冲蚀率低；决定韧性材料抗冲蚀性能的关键因数并不是材料的硬度而是材料的弹性模量；热喷涂涂层的冲蚀显示出脆性材料的冲蚀特性     

材料的冲蚀问题

本文分析讨论了近年来材料冲蚀研究进展,总结出只有当入射角度非常低或入射粒子粒径相当小时,脆性材料的冲蚀率才有可能比韧性材料的冲蚀率低;决定韧性材料抗冲蚀性能的关键因数并不是材料的硬度而是材料的弹性模量;热喷涂涂层的冲蚀显示出脆性材料的冲蚀特性。     

超高分子量聚乙烯的剖蚀磨损

用气流喷砂型冲蚀试验装置测试了超高分子量聚乙烯（ＵｌｔｒａＨｉｇｈＭｏｌｅｃｕｌａｒＷｅｉｇｈｔＰｏｌｙｅｔｈｙｌｅｎｅ）的冲蚀磨损性能，考察了冲蚀粒子的入射角，速度，粒子的硬度对冲蚀磨损的影响，用扫描电子显微镜观察冲蚀磨损表面形貌，指出：在高角冲蚀时，磨损机理主要为塑性变形和显微裂纹；在低角冲蚀时，磨损机理主要为显微镜切削和显微犁耕冲蚀磨损机理与冲蚀粒子有关。     

碳钢材料的表面冲蚀疲劳研究

根据固体疲劳磨损理论并结合接触力学的有关分析结论,设计了一套确定塑性接触状态下材料表面粒子冲蚀疲劳特性参数的方法,同时依此方法确定碳钢材料的粒子冲蚀应变值,应变指数。     

超高分子量聚乙烯的冲蚀磨损

用气流喷砂到冲依试验装置测试了超高分子量聚乙烯（UltraHighMolecularWeightPolyethylen）的冲蚀磨损佳能．考察了冲蚀粒子的入射角、速度、粒子的硬度对冲蚀磨损的影响．用扫描电子显微镜观察冲蚀后报表面形统指出：在高角冲蚀时，摩根机理主要为塑性变形和显微裂纹；在低角冲蚀时，磨损机理主要为显微切削和显微犁耕．冲蚀磨损机理与冲蚀粒子有关．     

水机运流面的粒子冲蚀强度分析与缓冲涂层试验

本文分析了水机过流面受粒子冲蚀过程的表面接触应力，讨论了表面材料特性对应力水平的影响；指出粒子入射速度0.65m/s左右时碳钢表面即发生屈服，采用弹性缓冲涂层可降低应力两个量级，文中同时介绍了这种缓冲涂层的结构和应用效果。     

系统方法在冲蚀研究建模中的应用

应用系统方法的灰色系统理论，输入输出模型及回归分析等方法，研究设计并提出了冲蚀研究系统模型、冲蚀机理模型、冲蚀率与冲蚀参数的相关模型，及冲蚀系统各因素交互作用模型，对进一步展开冲蚀研究，研制使用耐冲蚀材料，构筑了简明的模型，阐述了清晰的思路，具有一定的指导意义。     

几种工程材料的冲蚀行为的研究

通过对五种工程材料在不同条件下的冲蚀率和磨损表面形貌的分析,研究了冲蚀角度、粒子速度、粒径、质量流量等因素的影响,探讨了材料的磨损机理.     

Approaches to enhance elevated temperature erosion resistance of Ni-base superalloys

Erosive wear is also known as impact wear. Several industrial components are degraded due to solid particle erosion at high temperatures. Solid particle erosion of metallic materials at high temperatures is influenced by the nature of interaction between erosion and oxidation. The main objective of the present work is to critically examine how strength and oxidation behaviour can be tailored to enhanced resistance to solid particle erosion of Ni-base superalloys at high temperatures. It is noted that alloys which form Al₂O₃ scale are likely to have good erosion resistance. This study examines methods of improving the erosion resistance by enhancing the elevated temperature mechanical properties. Methods for forming various scales and improving their adhesion characteristics are also elaborated.     

Slurry erosion of metallics,polymers, and ceramics: particle size effects

Abstract

One of the least well understood areas in the study of erosion by solid particles is the effect of particle size. Erosion is generally assumed to be independent of particle size above a critical value. However, there is evidence that this pattern is dependent on the process conditions. In the present study, the effect of particle size was investigated for different classes of materials, which included two pure metals, an alloy, a ceramic, and a polymer. The apparatus used was an impinging jet. Scanning electron microscopy was used to characterise the degradation following erosion. The results showed that the erosion rate peaked at intermediate particle sizes, for some of the materials studied. However, the particle size at which the peak occurred changed as a function of target and particle properties. Such observations were explained in terms of the combined effects of particle, target, and fluid flow parameters on the erosion mechanisms of the different materials.     

On lateral cracks in glass

The importance of lateral cracks in solid particle erosion of brittle materials has been confirmed as a result of a large number of previous investigations in this area. Even though the underlying mechanism of steady-state erosion of a brittle material is the formation and growth of lateral cracks, the surface morphology of the eroded material does not readily indicate this aspect. This has precipitated the need for a study of single impact events. This study concentrates on lateral cracks in glass produced by solid particle impacts. Single impacts are studied in terms of lateral crack extensions and their probability of chipping at two angles of impact of 20 and 90°. Comparisons between these two sets of data were made at the same normal component of velocity to clearly bring out behavioural differences at the two angles o of impact. Steady-state erosion results are then interpreted in terms of the above results obtained from a study of single impacts. There appears to be marked agreement between these results and experimental observations. The same trend was observed in strength degradation measurements. Increased chipping and lateral crack extensions in the 20° impact situation has been explained in terms of linear elastic fracture mechanics, as opposed to the plastic deformation mechanism proposed earlier. The importance of single impacts in the study of steady-state erosion of brittle materials by solid particle impact is well demonstrated by this study.[/p]     

固体粒子冲蚀磨损理论及影响因素的研究概述

在工农业领域大量存在着固体颗粒物质与机械部件的接触作用,固体颗粒与机械部件不可避免会存在摩擦磨损,从而造成机械零部件磨损失效。总结了前人在各个领域研究固体粒子冲蚀磨损的成果,介绍了影响固体粒子冲蚀磨损的各种因素,最后探讨了固体粒子冲蚀磨损未来可能的发展方向。     

A regression study on the solid particle erosion of copper and copper alloys by angular and spherical particles at normal incidence

A regression analysis is presented on the solid particle erosion results of copper and copper alloys impacted by angular and spherical silica particles at normal incidence. Particle shape, particle size, and zinc content of materials were selected as factors. Also, three levels were assigned to each factor. Experiments were performed under 50 mTorr vacuum utilizing an electrostatic accelerator erosion tester. A total of 10 g particles were sent to each substrate material in 10 increments. At the end of the experiments, the extent of erosion was calculated by dividing weight loss to the amount of particles sent. A regression analysis was conducted on the erosion data to see the individual and interaction effects of factors chosen.

Results indicate that quadratic components of zinc content, particle shape, and particle size and linear interaction between particle size and zinc content were effective in defining erosion in this study.     

Effect of the parameters of impact action and mechanical and thermal properties of materials on the intensity of their gas-abrasive erosion

The intensity of gas-abrasive erosion is experimentally determined for three materials at temperatures of 300 and 125°K. We propose a statistical model that enables one to predict the volume erosion rate (per one impact of a particle) as a function of mechanical and thermal properties and parameters of the impact (the size and velocity of a solid particle).Lipetsk Polytechnical Institute, Lipetsk. Translated from Fiziko-Khimicheskaya Mekhanika Materialov, Vol. 31, No. 2, pp. 109–112, March – April, 1995.     

Effect of erodent properties on the solid particle erosion mechanisms of brittle materials

In order to study the effects of particle properties on the solid particle erosion mechanisms of brittle bulk materials, six target materials were tested using two different powders (alumina and glass) at velocities ranging from 25 to 75 m/s. Following in depth characterizations of the targets and of the particles before and after testing, it was found that lateral fracture was the dominant material removal mechanism as predicted by the elasto-plastic theory of erosion. In the case of glass powder, for which the hardness of the particle is lower than the hardness of the target, particle deformation and fragmentation were found to be important factors explaining lower erosion rates. The higher than predicted velocity exponents point toward a velocity-dependent damage accumulation mechanism which was found to be correlated to target yield pressure (H ³ /E ²). Although damage accumulation seems to be necessary for material removal when using both powders, the effect is more pronounced for the softer glass powder because of kinetic energy dissipation through different means.     

Comparison of solid particle erosion predictions using the dense discrete phase and discrete element models

A numerical procedure involving the dense discrete phase model (DDPM) is used to calculate solid particle erosion. DDPM works in two mechanisms. First, the discrete particles are treated as a pseudofluid, and the interaction among particles is evaluated by solving the governing equations of the pseudofluid. Second, the equivalent pressure of the pseudofluid is applied to a single particle to reflect the blocking effect of high-concentration particles. The numerical procedure is well verified by comparison with the experimental data picked from a direct impact test. In addition, the DDPM predictions are compared with the discrete element model (DEM) predictions in detail. Both methods show that the predicted mass loss caused by sand per unit mass decreases with an increase in sand concentration. DDPM indirectly considers the influence of particle interactions on solid particle erosion, and the predicted erosion contours are more uniform and smoother than the DEM-predicted contours.     

Erosion of polymers and polymer composites surfaces by particles

Surface erosion due to solid particle impact is a major concern in engineering applications of handling solid-particulate flow. A semi-empirical model is developed for numerical erosion simulation of polymers and polymer composites. The novelty of the developed model is the correct capturing of the angle of maximum erosion for different erosion modes of polymeric materials and relating it to measurable mechanical properties of the target materials. The model incorporates both the material removal due to elastic–plastic collision of the particles at oblique and normal impact angles. The oblique impact model is derived for ploughing and fracture governed mechanisms of material removal. A simplified correlation is used to consider the relative effect of each mechanism on the total erosion at oblique impact angles. The model indicates the variation in velocity exponent to the mechanism of material removal. The theoretically derived model for single-particle impact is correlated to the available experimental results of multi-particle impacts through the empirical coefficients. The predictions are in good agreement with the extensive literature data for polymers and polymer composites. Further, to propose a single model of erosion for polymer and its composite, the relationship between the empirical coefficients in the developed model and the target material properties is established.