HgNO_3法测定黄铜内应力腐蚀开裂的研究

利用HgNO3试验法对HgNO3引致铅黄铜(HPb59-1)内应力腐蚀开裂行为进行了研究.采用光学显微镜以及扫描电镜分析了腐蚀后铅黄铜的组织和断口形貌.结果表明:Hg沿晶界扩散削弱了基体原子间的结合力,同时Pb在晶界处偏聚,促使晶界脆化,从而加速了合金的开裂;断口致密度分析表明:该HPb59-1黄铜具有明显的分层等缺陷,说明黄铜在锻造过程中存储了大量的内应力.     

Mg-6Al-χNd(χ=2,4)合金的组织结构与凝固行为

Nd添加到Mg-6Al合金后,析出针状的Al11Nd3和多边形状的A12Nd,前者主要分布于枝晶界或晶界,后者主要分布于晶粒内.两相含量均随Nd含量增加而增加,其中前者含量明显高于后者.含Nd合金的凝固过程经历Al2Nd析出、α-Mg析出、Al11Nd3+α-Mg同时析出等过程.合金热裂倾向随着Nd含量的增加而升高,这是由于Al11Nd3和Al2Nd析出温度高,导致合金凝固区间收缩和共晶相对量减少,降低了剩余液相的流动性;枝晶界或晶界上的针状Al11Nd3相增加了合金凝固后期流动补缩的难度;Al11Nd3相和α-Mg凝固收缩率不同,易导致两者界面上产生较高的热应力.     

Mg-6Al-xNd(x=2,4)合金的组织结构与凝固行为

Nd添加到Mg-6Al合金后,析出针状的Al11Nd3和多边形状的Al2Nd,前者主要分布于枝晶界或晶界,后者主要分布于晶粒内.两相含量均随Nd含量增加而增加,其中前者含量明显高于后者.含Nd合金的凝固过程经历Al2Nd析出、α-Mg析出、Al11Nd3+α-Mg同时析出等过程.合金热裂倾向随着Nd含量的增加而升高,这是由于Al11Nd3和Al2Nd析出温度高,导致合金凝固区间收缩和共晶相对量减少,降低了剩余液相的流动性;枝晶界或晶界上的针状Al11Nd3相增加了合金凝固后期流动补缩的难度;Al11Nd3相和α-Mg凝固收缩率不同,易导致两者界面上产生较高的热应力.     

磁控溅射Cu薄膜退火过程中的织构演变行为

利用磁控溅射法在单晶Si基底上制备了Cu薄膜,通过分析薄膜退火前后的X射线衍射图谱、取向分布函数图、微观组织和背散射电子衍射数据,揭示了薄膜在退火过程中的织构演变行为.结果表明：采用低溅射气压制备的Cu薄膜具有较强的{111}纤维织构,沉积态Cu薄膜内部存在大量的小角度晶界和Σ3晶界,经过200℃退火后,小角度晶界减少,而Σ3晶界增加,出现了退火孪晶,释放了薄膜内部的弹性应变能,阻碍了{001}纤维织构的形成,使得沉积态和退火态下的Cu薄膜织构特征没有明显变化,均以{111}纤维织构为主.     

护环钢50Mn18Cr4沿晶断裂分析及其对晶界损伤本质的探讨

在对护环钢50Mn18Cr4失效分析的基础上,研究了沿晶碳化物析出对晶界的损伤.研究指出,晶界碳化物析出是由于护环运行过程中加热操作不当引起的;沿晶碳化物析出对钢的有害作用主要表现为对晶界区变形能力和形变强化潜力的损伤.还提出了等强应变的概念,认为晶界受损的多晶体材料,在其应变量超过等强应变之后,晶界区的剪切变形成为较主要的变形方式,这时,在三重晶界或晶界弯折处等有应力集中的地方按微孔型机制形成裂纹并沿晶界扩展,导致微孔型沿晶断裂.等强应变的大小,取决于晶界受损程度.     

陶瓷材料高温蠕变行为研究

含有晶界玻璃相的陶瓷防热材料的高温蠕变行为主要包括晶界孔洞的成核及扩展,晶粒的滑移是控制晶界孔洞扩展的主要因素,决定了孔洞的扩展速率及扩展到完整晶界所需要的时间.建立了一个基于晶界滑移条件下单个及多个晶界孔洞扩展的模型,通过计算,给出了单个孔洞扩展的临界应力及扩展到完整晶界尺寸需要的时间,分析了在一个晶界上分别含有三晶孔洞和双晶孔洞时孔洞扩展的模式,讨论了两个孔洞在扩展过程中的相互影响,比较了前后两个孔洞在晶粒滑移条件下的扩展速率,并通过算例获得了前后两个孔洞连通与扩展同时完成的临界位置.定性及半定量的给出了晶粒滑移对蠕变陶瓷晶界孔洞扩展的影响,为计算晶界孔洞扩展到一个完整晶粒尺寸所需要时间奠定了理论基础.     

60Si2MnREB弹簧钢中的碳硼化相的研究

使用X射线衍射和电子探针微区分析方法对60Si2MnREB弹簧钢中的碳硼相进行了综合分析.当样品中的硼含量超过0.003%,在850℃淬火后,沿奥氏体晶界出现不连续的Fe23(B,C)网,使材质变脆.950℃正火后,晶界仅有少量粒状Fe3(B,C)相存在.研究了这两种碳硼相的析出与转变机制.     

磷的非平衡晶界偏聚恒温动力学实验及计算研究

选用12Cr1MoV工业用钢,通过俄歇电子能谱分析方法(AES),对磷在1050℃固溶处理温度下,540℃恒温时效过程中的非平衡晶界偏聚浓度进行了测试,在国际上首次获得了磷在钢中的非平衡晶界偏聚动力学完整曲线,该曲线直接验证了由徐庭栋提出的非平衡晶界偏聚动力学理论模型.论文还进行了非平衡晶界偏聚动力学计算,求出了12Cr1MoV钢在540℃恒温过程中复合体的扩散系数Dc及磷原子的自扩散系数Di,并应用非平衡晶界偏聚动力学方程进行了动力学曲线模拟,拟合曲线与实验曲线符合完好.证实了非平衡晶界偏聚的空位-溶质原子复合体扩散机制.     

时效处理铝合金RR350显微组织分析

经研究分析,铸造铝合金RR350经淬火时效后,其主要合金相由细小初生相(α+θ")、二次相TMn和TNi、过剩相AlCuNi、Al9FeNi以及NiAl3、TiAl3等相组成.这些合金相大多以复合相形式分布于晶界上,阻止晶界的扩展.结果表明,采用成分多元少量、合金相复合多样,合理分布于铝合金中,可提高铸造铝合金RR350的热强性、耐蚀性等性能.     

硼向晶界扩散机理的研究

通过解变温扩散方程,导出非平衡晶界偏聚的数学表达式,建立了晶界贫硼局域尺寸与淬火加热温度、冷却速度以及非平衡晶界偏聚扩散激活能与扩散系数之间的关系,所得结果与实验结果相一致.     

Effect of a novel three-step aging on strength,stress corrosion cracking and microstructure of AA7085

The influence of a novel three-step aging on strength, stress corrosion cracking(SCC) and microstructure of AA7085 was investigated by tensile testing and slow strain rate testing combined with transmission electron microscopy(TEM). The results indicate that with the increase of second-step aging time of two-step aging, the mechanical properties increase first and then decrease, while the SCC resistance increases. Compared with two-step aging, three-step aging treatment improves SCC resistance and the strength increases by about 5%. The effects of novel three-step aging on strength and SCC resistance are explained by the role of matrix precipitates and grain boundary precipitates, respectively.     

Effects of Aging Treatment on Intergranular Corrosion and Stress Corrosion Cracking Behavior of AA7003

In order to study the effects of aging treatment on the intergranular corrosion(IGC) and stress corrosion cracking(SCC) of 7003 aluminum alloy(AA7003), the intergranular corrosion test, electrochemical test and slow strain rate test(SSRT), combined with optical microscopy(OM) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM) as well as transmission electron microscopy(TEM) observations have been carried out. The IGC and electrochemical test results showed that the IGC resistance of AA7003 for peak aged(PA) temper is the lowest, with double peak aged(DPA) the moderate, and retrogression and re-aging(RRA) the highest among three tempers, which is attributed to the continuous feature of precipitation on grain boundary of PA temper and the interrupted feature of precipitation on grain boundary of DPA and RRA tempers, as well as the wide precipitation free zones(PFZ) of RRA temper. In addition, the SSRT results indicated that all three tempers AA7003 are susceptible to SCC in IGC solution, and the change tendency of SCC susceptibility(ISCC) of AA7003 for three tempers follows the order: ISCC(RRA)ISCC(DPA)ISCC(PA).     

Localized Corrosion and Stress Corrosion Cracking Behavior of AA7003 in a 3.5 wt% NaCl Aqueous Solution

The microstructure,localized corrosion (LC) and stress corrosion cracking (SCC) behavior of 7003 aluminum alloy (AA7003) under various aging treatments (peak aging (PA),double peak aging (DPA),regression and re-aging (RRA)) were investigated by means of transmission electron microscope (TEM),scanning electron microscopy (SEM),electrochemical impendence spectroscopy (EIS) and slow strain rate tensile test.The results of TEM showed a discontinuous distribution of grain boundary precipitates of AA7003 under DPA and RRA treatments,which is beneficial for increasing the resistance of LC and SCC.Meanwhile,LC was found initiating firstly on intermetallics which caused the dissolution of surrounding matrix,then pitting holes were formed and developed into matrix.In addition,the SCC process of AA7003 could be divided into two stages,i e,initial pre-cracking and breeding cracking.The EIS analysis,cross-section morphologies and fracture surfaces of specimens indicated that DPA and RRA treatments significantly decreased the crack growth rate during breeding cracking stage,especially for RRA treatment.     

周期性边界条件下MC模拟晶粒数的统计

本文应用Monte Carlo(MC)法模拟二维条件下晶粒长大的原理，晶粒长大结晶界处的格点迁移为主要特征，并用它模拟了在周期性的边界条件下的晶粒长大行为，提出了一种二维条件下精确的统计晶粒尺寸的方法，可以对各种形态的晶粒进行统计，并且考虑了模拟过程中的周期性边界条件对晶粒统计的影响，通过模拟，揭示了晶粒长大过程中材料组织演变时拓扑学和动力学特征。     

Molecular dynamics simulation of thermal stability of nanocrystalline vanadium

Currently, because of the thermal instability of nanocrystalline (NC) materials, there is little report on their thermal properties. Thus, for the NC, the study on their thermal sta- bility has been an urgent issue from the view of practical application and theoretical re- search. The difficulty for investigating the growth of NC material is to determine the crystal grain size precisely. Crystal grain size is generally determined by electronic mi- croscopes or X-ray diffraction[1]. Experime…     

包覆MgO对BaTiO3基陶瓷性能的影响

采用均匀沉淀法将MgO均匀地包覆在BaTiO3基陶瓷粉体表面,制备包覆MgO的BaTiO3基陶瓷复合粒子,研究了不同包覆量对BaTiO3基陶瓷的微观结构、微观形貌、介电性能、绝缘性能和击穿电压的影响。实验表明：包覆剂MgO能有效抑制晶粒长大,从而获得晶粒均匀的陶瓷,此细晶效应是由于晶界区MgO的抑制作用;MgO有助于形成“壳-芯”结构晶粒,降低并展宽BaTiO3基陶瓷的ε峰,增加电阻率和击穿电压强度。     

基于疲劳短裂纹扩展条件的疲劳极限估算方法

晶界是微观结构疲劳短裂纹扩展的主要障碍,疲劳极限实质上是疲劳裂纹能够产生,但不能突破晶界阻碍而继续扩展的最低应力.本文通过对微观结构疲劳短裂纹扩展条件的分析,考虑了晶粒取向对裂纹扩展有效驱动力的影响及晶界对裂纹的临界阻力,提出了-种基于非扩展裂纹行为的材料疲劳极限确定力法.与其他估算方法比较表明,该方法是合理和可行的.     

基于元胞自动机法的晶粒长大模拟

采用元胞自动机(Cellular Automata,简称CA)法对晶粒长大过程进行了计算机模拟和分析.模拟结果表明,CA法能够较好地模拟晶粒长大过程,所反映的晶界迁移规律及其拓扑特征符合晶粒长大的物理机制,是一种简便、有效的模拟方法.     

相场方法模拟三维晶粒的长大过程

采用了周期性边界条件及各向同性的动力学相场模型对三维多晶生长的微观组织进行了模拟。结果表明：晶粒生长的平均半径符合抛物线的规律;相场仿真得到的准稳态晶粒尺寸分布形式具有相似性;同时又对晶粒的拓扑结构进行了观察：两个五边形晶粒最终分别以三边形晶粒和四边形晶粒消失。