基于D-S证据理论的掌纹识别

研究了掌纹识别问题,对掌纹图像特征提取、多特征的融合技术作了一定程度的探讨。采用数学形态学方法提取掌纹线特征;基于Gabor滤波器描述掌纹图像的纹理特征。利用掌纹的线特征和纹理特征两个信息分别作两个分类器的特征,利用模糊规则求出各分类器的基本概率分配函数,最后利用D-S证据理论的合成法则对两个分类器的结果进行融合判决。实验结果表明,这种方法是有效的,可行的。     

基于注意力胶囊网络的高分辨率掌纹图像识别

目前,高分辨率掌纹图像识别存在细节特征点匹配法算法复杂,人工提取特征困难等问题。由于卷积神经网路的标量神经元无法获得特征之间的位置关系,应用于高分辨率掌纹图像识别效果并不理想。本文提出了一种基于改进的胶囊网络的高分辨率掌纹图像识别算法,通过去掉重构网络来换取模型体量的精简和运算速度的提升,在有限的精度损失下大大降低了算法复杂度。同时采用超深度小卷积神经网路来优化特征提取部分,为路由算法提供更优质的胶囊。由于路由算法对掌纹特征的方位比较敏感,在主胶囊层前面加入通道注意力机制以增加重要特征的权重,进一步提高识别能力。实验证明,本文改进后的胶囊网络对高分辨率掌纹图像的识别准确率可达到88.13%,识别精度和运算速度均优于基础胶囊网络方法。     

基于子空间特征融合的两级掌纹识别算法

针对单一PCA或PCA只能提取掌纹的线性或非线性特征,单一分类器的掌纹识别率低缺陷,提出一种子空间特征融合的两级掌纹识别方法（PCA-KPCA-SVM）。首先采用子空间特征提取方法PCA、KPCA分别提取掌纹图像线性和非线性特征,然后基于融合特征总类间距离最大准则,计算出最佳的融合系数,得到PCA、KPCA的融合掌纹特征,最后将融合特征输入到欧式距离分类器进行掌纹识别,如果拒绝识别,则输入支持向量机进行二次识别。采用Polyu掌纹图像库进行测试实验,结果表明,相对于对比算法,PCA-KPCA-SVM提高了掌纹识别率,有效降低了掌纹的误识率和拒识率。     

分辨率LBP的掌纹特征提取

为了研究NSCT变换(nonsubsampled contourlet transform,NSCT)和局部二值模式(local binary pattern,LBP)在掌纹识别应用方面的可行性和性能,提出了一种基于NSCT变换与局部二值模式相结合的掌纹特征提取算法.该方法能够较好地提取皱褶、乳突纹等掌纹的细节特征,并且能够有效减少掌纹识别中由于图像的平移、旋转和光照对识别结果造成的影响.使用NSCT变换可以稀疏地表示二维奇异曲线并且变换本身具有平移不变性;而LBP算子是一种有效的纹理描述算子并且该算子具有很好的灰度和旋转不变性.首先对掌纹图像进行NSCT变换,然后对变换后的掌纹子图提取局部多分辨率和多尺度的LBP特征.实验结果表明,该算法能够更好地表达掌纹纹线的细节和结构特征,对掌纹图像有更高的鉴别性.     

局部二进制模式与小波特征融合的掌纹识别

针对利用单一方法进行掌纹图像识别所得的识别率难以提高这一情况,提出一种利用掌纹图像经高斯高通滤波后的局部二进制模式特征和三级小波分解的细节图像的能量特征的融合特征进行掌纹识别的方法。在提取图像的局部二进制模式特征的时候,通过高斯高通滤波增强图像的对比度,从而提取出更有效的局部二进制模式特征,该特征对光照的变化具有一定的鲁棒性;小波变换的细节图像能量数据反映不同频率成分的局部细节特征。实验结果表明所提出的掌纹识别方法的有效性。     

基于平稳小波变换的掌纹特征提取与识别

掌纹识别作为一种重要的生物特征识别方法,其中的一个重要环节就是掌纹特征的提取。论文基于图像的多尺度分析的思想,提出了一种利用平稳小波的局部极值点来提取掌纹特征的方法。文中利用平稳小波变换,对图像进行不同方向的滤波,然后提取各方向的极值点并融合作为特征点。并以此为基础进行不同掌纹的匹配识别。     

特征维数和分类器参数统一优化选择的掌纹识别

为了进一步提高掌纹识别系统性能,充分利用主成分分析特征维数和支持向量机参数之间的联系,提出了一种特征维数和分类器参数统一选择的掌纹识别模型（Features-Classifier）。对掌纹图像进行预处理,将主成分分析图像特征维数和支持向量机参数作为一个粒子,在统一的目标函数下通过粒子之间的信息交流和相互协作,找到最优掌纹特征和分类器参数,根据最优掌纹特征和分类器参数建立掌纹图像识别模型,并采用Po1yU掌纹数据库对模型性能进行仿真实验。结果表明,Features-Classifier的掌纹平均识别率达到94%以上,识别结果明显优于独立、分开选择特征维数和分类器参数的掌纹识别模型。     

基于多分类器融合的图像真伪鉴别方法

针对数字图像的真伪鉴别问题,通过在小波域上构造的滤波器,提取反映相机本身物理特性的某种特定噪声,将其作为判断图像真伪的关键特征。在待测图像中选取出可疑区域,将其噪声特征通过广义高斯分类器以及BP神经网络分类器进行判断和融合,从而实现图像的真伪鉴别。实验结果表明,该方法对多种不同伪造方式的数字图像均具有较高的识别正确率。     

基于Delaunay与多边形三角剖分的印鉴识别算法

研究印鉴图像姿势纠正及印鉴匹配处理问题.在研究Delaunay三角剖分方法与多边形三角剖分方法的基础上,提出一种基于DT网格的印鉴识别方法.该方法通过对两种细节点(基于线条的细节点和基于多边形的细节点)的拓扑结构进行DT三角划分.用Delaunay三角剖分方法对基于线条的细节点集进行三角剖分,对基于多边形的细节点直接进行多边形三角剖分.通过对两种细节点的拓扑结构进行三角划分,把空间上位置相近的细节点按照三角剖分的规则相连,得到DT三角形网格.然后基于该网格寻找若干参考点对,并根据获得的参考点对将两幅印鉴图像进行姿势调整.实验结果表明该方法可以获得较多的参考点,确保印鉴旋转、印鉴平移等参数计算结果的准确性,有效提高最终的识别效果.     

基于视觉传达的多帧图像高分辨率重建仿真

针对传统的高分辨图像重建方法,重建之后的图像细节不够丰富清晰,边缘模糊的问题,提出了 一种基于视觉传达的多帧图像高分辨率重建方法.采用深度学习方法提取高分辨率图像的深层次特征,在稀疏字典超分辨率框架下联合训练特征字典,将提取出来的特征视为ScSR模型中的特征样本,代入PCANet的特征字典中,以此为基础,基于稀疏正则模型对高分辨率图像进行重建,在反向投影全局优化模型基础上引入非局部近似性先验约束对重建图像进行优化,完成多帧图像高分辨率重建优化.实验结果表明,所提方法与其它传统方法相比,图像重建效果更好,图像边缘更加清晰.     

A fast and accurate palmprint recognition system based on minutiae

Palmprint recognition is a challenging problem, mainly due to low quality of the pattern, large nonlinear distortion between different impressions of the same palm and large image size, which makes feature extraction and matching computationally demanding. This paper introduces a high-resolution palmprint recognition system based on minutiae. The proposed system follows the typical sequence of steps used in fingerprint recognition, but each step has been specifically designed and optimized to process large palmprint images with a good tradeoff between accuracy and speed. A sequence of robust feature extraction steps allows to reliably detect minutiae; moreover, the matching algorithm is very efficient and robust to skin distortion, being based on a local matching strategy and an efficient and compact representation of the minutiae. Experimental results show that the proposed system compares very favorably with the state of the art.     

Document scanners for minutiae-based palmprint recognition: a feasibility study

Highly expensive capturing devices and barely existent high-resolution palmprint datasets have slowed the development of forensic palmprint biometric systems in comparison with civilian systems. These issues are addressed in this work. The feasibility of using document scanners as a cheaper option to acquire palmprints for minutiae-based matching systems is explored. A new high-resolution palmprint dataset was established using an industry-standard Green Bit MC517 scanner and an HP Scanjet G4010 document scanner. Furthermore, a new enhancement algorithm to attenuate the negative effect of creases in the process of minutiae extraction is proposed. Experimental results highlight the potentialities of document scanners for forensic applications. Advantages and disadvantages of both technologies are discussed in this context as well.

     

Improving automated latent fingerprint identification using extended minutia types

Latent fingerprints are usually processed with Automated Fingerprint Identification Systems (AFIS) by law enforcement agencies to narrow down possible suspects from a criminal database. AFIS do not commonly use all discriminatory features available in fingerprints but typically use only some types of features automatically extracted by a feature extraction algorithm. In this work, we explore ways to improve rank identification accuracies of AFIS when only a partial latent fingerprint is available. Towards solving this challenge, we propose a method that exploits extended fingerprint features (unusual/rare minutiae) not commonly considered in AFIS. This new method can be combined with any existing minutiae-based matcher. We first compute a similarity score based on least squares between latent and tenprint minutiae points, with rare minutiae features as reference points. Then the similarity score of the reference minutiae-based matcher at hand is modified based on a fitting error from the least square similarity stage. We use a realistic forensic fingerprint casework database in our experiments which contains rare minutiae features obtained from Guardia Civil, the Spanish law enforcement agency. Experiments are conducted using three minutiae-based matchers as a reference, namely: NIST-Bozorth3, VeriFinger-SDK and MCC-SDK. We report significant improvements in the rank identification accuracies when these minutiae matchers are augmented with our proposed algorithm based on rare minutiae features.     

融合全局和局部方向特征的掌纹识别方法

摘 要：掌纹识别是受到较多关注的生物特征识别技术之一。在各类掌纹识别的方法中, 基于方向特征的方法取得了很好的效果。为了进一步提升识别精度,提出一种融合全局和局部 方向特征的掌纹识别算法,主要融合了基于方向编码的方法、基于方向特征局部描述子的方法 和结合方向特征和相关滤波器的方法。其中前 2 种方法属于空间域方法,可很好地提取掌纹的 局部方向特征;而第 3 种方法属于频域方法,能有效地提取全局方向特征。在匹配值层对该 3 种方法的识别结果进行融合。本文算法在 2 个掌纹数据库上进行了验证,实验结果表明,本文 方法的识别性能明显优于其他几种掌纹识别方法。     

Robust palmprint verification using 2D and 3D features

This paper presents a new personal authentication system that simultaneously exploits 2D and 3D palmprint features. The objective of our work is to improve accuracy and robustness of existing palmprint authentication systems using 3D palmprint features. The proposed multilevel framework for personal authentication efficiently utilizes the robustness (against spoof attacks) of the 3D features and the high discriminating power of the 2D features. The developed system uses an active stereo technique, structured light, to simultaneously capture 3D image or range data and a registered intensity image of the palm. The surface curvature feature based method is investigated for 3D palmprint feature extraction while Gabor feature based competitive coding scheme is used for 2D representation. We comparatively analyze these representations for their individual performance and attempt to achieve performance improvement using the proposed multilevel matcher that utilizes fixed score level combination scheme to integrate information. Our experiments on a database of 108 subjects achieved significant improvement in performance with the integration of 3D features as compared to the case when 2D palmprint features alone are employed. We also present experimental results to demonstrate that the proposed biometric system is extremely difficult to circumvent, as compared to the currently proposed palmprint authentication approaches in the literature.     

Robust and efficient ridge-based palmprint matching

During the past decade, many efforts have been made to use palmprints as a biometric modality. However, most of the existing palmprint recognition systems are based on encoding and matching creases, which are not as reliable as ridges. This affects the use of palmprints in large-scale person identification applications where the biometric modality needs to be distinctive as well as insensitive to changes in age and skin conditions. Recently, several ridge-based palmprint matching algorithms have been proposed to fill the gap. Major contributions of these systems include reliable orientation field estimation in the presence of creases and the use of multiple features in matching, while the matching algorithms adopted in these systems simply follow the matching algorithms for fingerprints. However, palmprints differ from fingerprints in several aspects: 1) Palmprints are much larger and thus contain a large number of minutiae, 2) palms are more deformable than fingertips, and 3) the quality and discrimination power of different regions in palmprints vary significantly. As a result, these matchers are unable to appropriately handle the distortion and noise, despite heavy computational cost. Motivated by the matching strategies of human palmprint experts, we developed a novel palmprint recognition system. The main contributions are as follows: 1) Statistics of major features in palmprints are quantitatively studied, 2) a segment-based matching and fusion algorithm is proposed to deal with the skin distortion and the varying discrimination power of different palmprint regions, and 3) to reduce the computational complexity, an orientation field-based registration algorithm is designed for registering the palmprints into the same coordinate system before matching and a cascade filter is built to reject the nonmated gallery palmprints in early stage. The proposed matcher is tested by matching 840 query palmprints against a gallery set of 13,736 palmprints. Experimental results show that the proposed matcher outperforms the existing matchers a lot both in matching accuracy and speed.     

一种新的掌纹特征提取方法研究

提出一种基于Gabor小波和改进的广义K-L变换的掌纹识别方法。该方法首先对测试样本的掌纹ROI灰度图像进行Gabor小波变换,得到其Gabor特征向量,然后利用改进的广义K-L变换方法将高维特征向量变换到低维空间,最后将得到的低维特征向量利用欧氏距离法与训练样本库中的特征向量作匹配识别。该方法首次将基于时频变换的特征提取算法与基于子空间的特征提取算法结合起来,既充分利用了Gabor函数优良的特征提取性能,又有效解决了高维特征的降维处理问题。通过使用自行采集的数据库对该方法作对比实验,获得了94%的识别率     

Double-cohesion learning based multiview and discriminant palmprint recognition

Palmprint recognition has been widely used in security authentication. However, most of the existing palmprint representation methods are focused on a special application scenario using the hand-crafted features from a single-view. If the features become weak as the application scenario changes, the recognition performance will be degraded. To address this problem, we propose to comprehensively exploit palmprint features from multiple views to improve the recognition performance in generic scenarios. In this paper, a novel double-cohesion learning based multiview and discriminant palmprint recognition (DC_MDPR) method is proposed, which imposes a double-cohesion strategy to reduce the inter-view margins for each subject and the intra-class margins for each view. In this way, for each subject, the features from different views can be closer to each other in the binary-label space. Meanwhile, for each view, the features sharing the same label information can move towards each other by imposing a neighbor graph regularization. The proposed method can be flexibly applied to any type of palmprint feature fusion. Moreover, it presents the multiview features in a low-dimensionality sub-space, effectively reducing the computational complexity. Experimental results on various palmprint databases have shown that the proposed method can always achieve the best recognition performance compared to other state-of-the-art algorithms.