内置螺旋弹簧换热管内流动与传热三维数值模拟

为研究内置螺旋弹簧换热管单管强化传热原理,采用Fluent软件对内置螺旋弹簧换热管内流体流动与传热特性进行数值模拟,考察了弹簧的应用对管内流场、压降和换热性能的影响,并分别取螺旋弹簧节距p分别为2 mm、4 mm、5 mm初步研究了弹簧的节距对强化传热效果的影响。模拟结果显示：弹簧管内流体呈螺旋流动状态,管壁附近流体切向速度和径向速度有一定程度的提高,从而加剧了管内流体的混合及边界层的扰动,充分换热,弹簧管进出口温度差较光管有所增加,最高增加了0.9 ℃;相同雷诺数条件下,内置螺旋弹簧换热管Nu数均高于光管,而压降和阻力系数相比光管有明显增加,随着弹簧节距减小换热增强而摩擦阻力系数增加。     

机制盘香粘合剂研发

为配合专用盘香加工机的普及使用,研发了机制盘香粘合剂.对盘香加工设备进行了简要说明,对影响盘香性能的主要因素包括粘合剂配方、木粉和粘合剂比例、干粉和水的比例等进行了分析,得到了理想的配比和工艺参数.该粘合剂已经实现工业化生产.     

变螺旋角对新型螺旋折流板换热器的性能影响

新型螺旋折流板换热器采用折面折流板代替平面折流板,消除了换热器壳程相邻折流板搭接形成的三角漏流区,进而增强了传热效果。文中分别对螺旋角度为18°,27°,35°和40°,搭接量均为50%的(e=50%)新型螺旋折面折流板换热器进行了实验研究并分析其传热和阻力性能。实验结果表明:螺旋角为18°的螺旋折面折流板换热器传热性能最好,以Nu/f1/3作为综合性能评价指标时,其综合性能最优。     

液环真空泵切换方法的探讨

找出切换液环泵时造成预缩釜压力偏低的原因是乙二醇喷淋质量及温度的波动,开、关入口阀的同步程度及2台泵的工作效率平衡等。通过实验确定尾气调节阀在原开度,入口阀开、关同步,降低喷淋量,待预缩釜压力稳定后,升高喷淋量500 kg/min,30 min后达到预定压力。     

螺旋折流板换热器研究进展

文章主要对螺旋折流板换热器的结构、性能及制造的研究进展进行了综述。螺旋折流板换热器主要有连续折流板和非连续螺旋折流板两种结构。相比于传统弓形折流板换热器,螺旋折流板换热器具有传热性能好,壳侧压力降小,抗振动,防止结垢,气固分离性能良好等优点。螺旋折流板制造加工相对困难,未来研究重点是简便、可靠的设计制造方法。     

基于停留时间分布的缠绕管内二次流研究

缠绕管内二次流能够显著强化管内传质、传热性能。通过测量缠绕管内液体的停留时间分布,利用无量纲方差σ²表征二次流强度,研究了缠绕直径、缠绕角度、缠绕管管径等结构参数对二次流的影响。结果表明：在径向流动未达到极限迁移距离的缠绕管中,随着液体Reynolds数Re的增大,σ²先减小后增大,对应缠绕管内依次出现的湍流作用区和二次流作用区;在径向流动达到极限迁移距离的缠绕管中,随着Re的增大,σ²先减小后增大最后趋于平稳,对应缠绕管内依次出现的湍流作用区、二次流作用区和二次流极限区。从湍流作用区转变为二次流作用区的临界Reynolds数Re_S随缠绕管缠绕直径和管径的减小而减小,缠绕角度对Re_S的影响较小。     

不同外绕盘管结构热泵热水器蓄能与用能性能分析

家用空气源热泵热水器能够高效制取生活热水,优化其冷凝盘管外绕结构设计,可以进一步提高系统运行性能。本文提出了外绕变间距盘管结构形式,通过建立MATLAB热泵模型与水箱CFD模型,联立形成耦合模拟模型,经实验验证耦合模型的准确性后,模拟研究了外绕等/变间距盘管结构对热泵热水器蓄能与用能性能的影响。结果显示,与外绕等间距盘管结构相比,变间距盘管结构蓄能过程中的平均传热系数、性能系数（COP）分别提高了21.91%、10.75%,热水温度分布更加均匀,用能过程中的平均传热系数和COP比等间距盘管稍高,热水输出率、释能效率分别提高了7.69%、8.53%,水箱输出的热水温度品质得到改善。本文为对冷凝盘管外绕形式的优化设计提供了方向和指导。     

液态烃泵安全运行分析及泵用干气密封的应用

液态烃属于甲A类高危物质,而液态烃泵密封一旦泄漏,极易发生火灾爆炸事故,严重时甚至导致重大人员和财产损失,加强对液态烃机泵机械密封管理,防范运行安全风险,是十分必要的。     

多级液氯液下泵在液氯充装中的应用

在液氯充装过程中，采用多级液氯液下泵效果好，且安全可靠。     

液隙式热泵膜蒸馏海水淡化系统的热力性能分析

热泵膜蒸馏是一种新型的膜分离技术,在处理高浓度盐水方面具有很大的优势,而目前的热泵膜蒸馏系统存在渗透量较低、冷却水消耗量大等问题。为提高渗透量、减少冷却水的消耗,设计了一种新型液隙式热泵膜蒸馏的海水淡化系统,通过在Aspen Plus中自定义膜模块建立经过实验验证的系统仿真模型,研究了进料液温度、渗透侧温度及进料流量对系统膜通量及能效比等热力参数的影响。结果表明,渗透侧温度降低可引起渗透量增加和能效比减小,且在低渗透侧温度情况下渗透侧温度的改变对能效比影响更大。随着渗透侧温度变化,存在一个渗透侧温度使造水比最大且吨水能耗最小,研究工况下最大造水比可达3.42,最小吨水能耗为463 MJ/t,且该最佳渗透侧温度随进料液温度增加而增加。进料液流量增加可引起渗透量和能效比增加,引起吨水能耗升高和造水比降低,当进料液流量小于3 L/min时,进料液流量增加对吨水能耗和造水比的负面影响较显著,进料液温度为50℃时,料液流量从1.5 L/min增至3 L/min,造水比的降低幅度可达33.5%;料液流量从4.5 L/min增至6 L/min时,造水比的降低幅度降至10.6%。     

基于在线动态高斯过程回归抽油井动液面软测量建模

实践中, 抽油井动液面都是使用回声仪测试的, 无法实时在线检测。而基于示功图分析的动液面实时在线检测方法存在计算精度不高的缺陷。考虑到数据驱动软测量建模方法存在随时间推移出现的模型老化现象, 采用一种增量学习动态高斯过程回归(IDGPR)软测量建模方法, 实现对抽油井动液面深度的实时在线检测。首先建立基本动态高斯过程回归软测量模型, 在模型投入现场运行后, 通过一种增量学习算法对模型进行在线更新, 使其不断适应油井工况变化, 自适应获得更加准确的软测量模型。现场应用表明, 该软测量模型具有较高的预测精度和较好的泛化能力, 可以满足工程应用要求。     

锅炉给水泵的改造

针对锅炉给水泵出口压力不足的问题,提出对锅炉给水泵叶片尺寸的改进措施,达到了预期效果。     

油田螺杆泵定子衬套生产方法的分析

具体介绍了螺杆泵在油田生产中的意义、工作原理及生产方法，如压注法、传统注射法和一步法注射生产法，同时对三种生产方法的技术性能进行了比较。     

基于COSMO-SAC模型的离子液体萃取剂的选择

COSMO-SAC模型是计算无限稀释活度因子的一种有效方法,只需知道分子结构,即可进行有机物或离子液体的无限稀释活度因子计算。COSMO-SAC模型中最耗时的计算步骤是产生σ-图谱(σ-profile)的量子化学计算。利用Materials Studio软件中的DMol3模块,建立了包含32种离子液体阴离子和191种离子液体阳离子的σ-图谱数据库。利用σ-图谱数据库和COSMO-SAC模型,针对离子液体液液萃取过程,提出了离子液体萃取剂的计算机辅助分子设计方法。以乙醇-乙酸乙酯体系为研究对象,选择了适宜的离子液体萃取剂,采用乙醇-乙酸乙酯-离子液体三元体系的液液平衡文献数据进行了验证。     

A complex based on imidazole ionic liquid and copolymer of acrylamide and phenoxyacetamide modification for clay stabilizer

A complex system (AM/AA/APO‐EMIN) was obtained by poly (acrylamide‐co‐acrylic acid‐co‐N‐allyl‐2‐phenoxyacetamide) (AM/AA/APO) combining 1‐ethyl‐3‐methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([EMIM] [BF₄]) for clay stabilizer by using acrylamide (AM), acrylic acid (AA) and N‐allyl‐2‐phenoxyacetamide (APO), N‐methylimidazole, bromoethane, and sodium fluoroborate as raw materials. The complex solution exhibited excellent anti‐swelling rate (up to 94.5% at 10,000 mg/L), satisfying aging resistance (viscosity retention rate 84.2% after 15 days), and marked shear thinning behavior (viscosity retention rate 7.5% under 600 s^?1). From scanning electron microscope (SEM) images, a clear network structure appeared in AM/AA/APO‐EMIM solution. Compared with an existing poly (acrylamide‐co‐diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride) clay stabilizer (HY‐201S), AM/AA/APO‐EMIN was less content and more effective to reduce the d‐spacing of sodium montmorillonite (Na‐MMT) from 19.1 Å to 15.7 Å. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 41536.     

上升管内环状流含液体积分数与压降预测模型

对垂直上升管中气液二相环状流的含液体积分数及压降预测进行了研究,在充分考虑了环状流的流型特征以及合理假设的前提下,以二相流动力学理论和Wallis有关经验式为基础,推导出了环状流的数学模型。通过求解力学方程,获得了含液体积分数及压降预测的新模型,将新模型及已有模型与实验数据进行对比,结果表明,新模型不仅与实验结果符合良好,还具有计算速度快的特点,从而为垂直上升管内气液二相环状流含液体积分数与压降的预测提供了一种新的有效方法。     

湿法气化技术工艺喷嘴冷却结构优化设计

针对现役运行的湿法气化工艺喷嘴冷却效果差,使用周期短的缺点,对其结构形式进行了优化设计,将盘管冷却改为夹套冷却;分别从结构、阻力降、传热效率等方面对改造前后2种结构形式的喷嘴进行了计算、分析、对比和总结。     

Towards the Development of Advanced Packing Design for Distillation in Rotating Packed Beds

The growing demand for flexible and compact separation technologies has promoted the application of high‐gravity technology, like rotating packed beds (RPBs). Mass transfer characterization and packing design play an important role in the development of this technology. This article provides a systematic approach towards the evaluation of packing and the development of advanced packing design for distillation in RPBs. For the latter, an additive manufacturing approach is used to develop a new Zickzack packing for RPBs. The new packing provides better mass transfer at reduced pressure drop compared to available conventional packings, while being competitive in terms of mass transfer with the industrially applied rotating zigzag bed at significantly reduced pressure drop.     

Evaluation of 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium acetate based ionic liquid systems as a suitable solvent for collagen

Collagen, a prominent biopolymer, which is famous for its excellent biological activity, has been used extensively for tissue engineering applications. In this study, a novel solvent system for collagen was developed with an ionic liquid, 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium acetate ([EMIM][Ac]), solvent system. A series of sodium salts were introduced into this solvent system to enhance collagen's dissolution procedure. The results show that the solubility of collagen was significantly influenced by the temperature and sodium salts. The solubility reached up to approximately 11% in the [EMIM][Ac]/Na₂HPO₄ system at 45°C. However, the structure of the regenerated collagen (Col‐regenerated) may have been damaged. Hence, we focused on the structural integrity of the collagen regenerated from the [EMIM][Ac] solvent system by the methods of sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultrasensitive differential scanning calorimetry, atomic force microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and circular dichroism because its signature biological and physicochemical properties were based on its structural integrity. Meanwhile, a possible dissolution mechanism was proposed. The results show that the triple‐helical structure of collagen regenerated from the [EMIM][Ac] solvent system below 35°C was retained to a large extent. The biocompatibility of Col‐regenerated was first characterized with a fibroblast adhesion and proliferation model. It showed that the Col‐regenerated had almost the same good biological activity as nature collagen, and this indicated the potential application of [EMIM][Ac] in tissue engineering. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 2245–2256, 2013