EuCl3—CaCl2二元系相图

用差热分析法研究了ＥｕＣｌ３ＣａＣｌ２二元体系相图，发现该体系有一个异份熔化化合物ＥｕＣｌ３·３ＣａＣｌ２。体系转熔点为５７０℃，ＥｕＣｌ３摩尔分数４５．４％；低共熔点为５２２℃，ＥｕＣｌ３摩尔分数６６．８％。     

Al-Zn-Cu系200℃低铜侧的相平衡

熔制了Al-Zn-Cu系的1 3个不同成分的合金,并进行了组织均匀化和平衡冷却至200℃的缓冷处理.通过显微组织观察、X射线衍射分析和电子探针微区成分分析,测定了这13个合金的相组成及成分.结果表明,在200℃时,富铝角a相的Zn、Cu、Al含量(摩尔分数)分别为6.7%、2.0%和91.3%,确定了T'相的成分范围以及Al2Cu3相中Zn的溶解度(摩尔分数)小于4.4%,绘制出了Al-Zn-Cu系200℃低Cu侧的等温截面相图.     

NdCl_3-LiCl-KCl体系相图的研究

本文利用差热分析方法研究了NdCl_3-LiCl-KCl三元体系相图.发现它有对应NdCl_3,LiCl,KCl,γ-3KCl·NdCl_3,β-3KCl·NdCl_3,2KCl·NdCl_3的六个液相面,十一条二次结晶线,两个三元低共熔点E_1(70.5wt-％NdCl_3,8.0wt-％KCl,360℃),E_2(5.0wt-％NdCl_3,53.0wt-％KCl,355℃),一个三元转熔点P(67.0wt-％NdCl_3,10.0wt-％KCl,375℃).同时发现NdCl_3-KCl二元相图不同于文献〔1〕,3KCl·NdCl_3有两个晶型转变温度:355和450℃.     

Al-Ca-Fe合金中Al10CaFe2化合物的形成与表征(英文)

采用热力学计算和实验技术研究铝角的Al-Ca-Fe体系相图,包括液相面投影图和凝固反应。结果表明,与铝固溶体(Al)平衡的不是Al₃Fe相,而是一种组成符合化学式Al₁₀CaFe₂的三元化合物。通过包晶转变L+Al₃Fe→(Al)+Al₁₀CaFe₂(638℃,3.3%Ca和0.5%Fe,摩尔分数)发生从二元化合物到三元化合物的转变。与针状Al₃Fe相夹杂物不同,三元化合物的初晶和共晶具有致密的形貌。使用第一性原理计算和X射线衍射分析确定三元化合物Al₁₀CaFe₂的晶格结构。此外,近共晶合金Al-6%Ca-1%Fe(质量分数)在500～600℃退火后具有细晶组织,过量相的总体积分数约为25%。因此,Al-Ca-Fe体系可用于制造新的铝基复合合金。     

TbCl_3-MCl_n体系相图的研究(M=Li,Mg,Ca,Pb;n=1,2)

借助于DTA与X-射线衍射法研究了TbCl_3-MCl_n(M=Li、Mg、Ca、Pb;n=1,2)二元体系相图,发现它们都属简单低共熔型相图,其低共熔点的组成与温度分别为50.1 mol.-％TbCl_3(445℃)、67.5 mol.-％TbCl_3(589℃)、65.9 mol.-％TbCl_3(563℃)和35.6 mol.-％TbCl_3(445℃);在固相下都有不稳定化合物生成,其化合物分别为:LiTbCl_7、Mg_2TbCI_7、CaTb_2Cl_8和PbTbCl_5。它们的分解温度分别为388(在352℃有一相转变)、500、521(在483℃也有一相转变)、405℃。同时探讨了相图的某些规律。     

PrCl3—SrCl2—CaCl2系相图

借助于DTA研究了PrCl_3-SrCl_2-CaCl_2体系相图。发现有对应于PrCl_3,Sr_3PrCl_9,α(SrCl_2,CaCl_2),α_1(CaCl_2,SrCl_2)和α_2(SrCl_2,CaCl_2)的五个液相面,六条二次结晶线,一个三元低共熔点E(48.0wt-％PrCl_3,23.5wt-％SrCl_2;590℃)和三元转熔点P(45.5wt-％PrCl_3,24.5wt-％SrCl_2;614℃)。并试图用极化与反极化作用探讨含稀土相图、化合物生成及其稳定性变化的规律。     

一种微合金化0Cr13Ni4Mo不锈钢的相图及临界转变温度研究

用热力学计算结合示差量热分析(DSC)方法研究了一种水轮机叶片用V、N微合金化CrNiMo不锈钢的相图及临界转变温度,获得了该钢的伪二元平衡相图、平衡条件下各相的摩尔分数与温度的关系曲线。该钢的Ac1和Ac3温度分别为580℃和730℃,VN的析出温度为1 010℃。     

Ni-Yb二元系的热力学评估（英文）

基于文献报道的相平衡和热化学实验数据,利用相图计算(Calphad)方法对Ni-Yb二元系进行热力学评估。考虑到液相混合焓在25%Yb(摩尔分数)附近有急剧变化,液相采用缔合物模型,组份为Ni、Yb Ni3和Yb;端际固溶体相包括FCC_A1(Ni)、FCC_A1(Yb)和BCC_A2(Yb),均采用亚规则溶体模型,并按照Redlich-Kister多项式进行描述;中间化合物Yb_2Ni_(17)、YbNi_5、YbNi_3、YbNi_2、α-YbNi和β-YbNi都没有明显的固溶度实验数据,均按严格计量比处理。优化得到的Ni-Yb二元系热力学参数自洽合理,能够很好地再现该体系的热化学性质和相图数据。     

DETERMINATION OF PrCl_3-NaCl-LiCl PHASE DIAGRAM

本文用差热分析法重新测定了组成PrCl_3-NaCl-LiCl三元系的三个侧边二元系相图,测定了该三元系中6个不同组成的变温截面,从而构筑了PrCl_3-NaCl-LiCl三元相图。该三元系由分别对应于PrCl_3,NaCl,2NaCl·LiCl,NaCl·LiCl和LiCl的5个液相面,7条二次结晶线,两个转熔点和一个共晶点构成。转熔点和共晶点的温度和组成分别为:P_1(416℃,30.3mol％NaCl,44.2mol％LiCl,25.5mol％PrCl_3);P_2(409℃,25.0mol％NaCl,50.0mol％LiCl,25.0mol％PrCl_3);E(404℃,20.0mol％NaCl,55.4mol％LiCl,24.6mol％PrCl_3)。二元和三元相图液相限的测量误差约为±5℃和±7℃。     

Zr-Co-Ge三元体系在1023、1173和1373 K条件下的相平衡（英文）

采用合金法并结合电子探针显微分析(EPMA)和X射线衍射(XRD)技术,精确测定Zr-Co-Ge三元体系在1023、1173和1373 K条件下的相平衡。合理构建Zr-Co-Ge体系在1023、1173和1373 K条件下的等温截面,分别包含29、28和26个三相区。除了证实文献中报道的5个三元化合物外,还检测到一个具有显著均匀性范围的新三元相τ,其组成在1023 K时为13.8%～19.4%Co (摩尔分数),在1173 K时为12.9%～19.0%Co (摩尔分数)和在1373 K时为12.3%～14.9%Co (摩尔分数)。而且,推断一个零变量反应发生在1023～1173 K,即τ+τl?τ4+ZrGe₂。此外,第三种元素Ge在一些Co-Zr中间相中可以部分替代Co,如CoZn和Co₂₃Zr₆,其中,Ge的最大溶解度分别可达22.8%和20.3%(摩尔分数)。     

PHASE BOUNDARIES OF SINGLE-PHASE ε-AND γ′-FIELDS IN Fe-C-N PHASE DIAGRAM

由低温下的溶解度导出氮在α-Fe中的活度数据,求得了Fe-C-N三元系中各二元交互作用系数,并导出了该系中的分配方程组.依此在PDP-11/23计算机上计算了γ′及ε单相区界域.计算结果表明:原Naumann和Langenscheid相图中的γ′相区正确,但ε相区需修正.计算结果与Wells及Bell的大部分实验结果符合.采用石墨为标准态(见附录证明)的计算也得到相同结论.     

Fe-C-N三元相图ε及γ′单相区界域

由低温下的溶解度导出氮在α-Fe中的活度数据,求得了Fe-C-N三元系中各二元交互作用系数,并导出了该系中的分配方程组.依此在PDP-11/23计算机上计算了γ′及ε单相区界域.计算结果表明:原Naumann和Langenscheid相图中的γ′相区正确,但ε相区需修正.计算结果与Wells及Bell的大部分实验结果符合.采用石墨为标准态(见附录证明)的计算也得到相同结论.     

RECl_3-CaCl_2-MgCl_2 TERNARY PHASE DIAGRAMS(RE:La,Ce,Pr,Nd)

Nine sub-binary phase diagrams of the RECl_3-CaCl_2,RECl_3-MgCl_2 and CaCl_2-MgCl_2 systems,andthermodynamic data for these systems are critically assessed and optimized.Using Hillert model and takingMgCl_2 as an asymmetric component,the ternary phase diagrams or the RECl_3-CaCl_2-MgCl_2 systems are predtcted.As well,the determination of asymmetric component in the asymmetric model is investigated.     

杠杆定律在相图中的正确应用

杠杆安律可以用来计算处于两相平衡的二元合金中每个相的质量分数,它也可以用来估算二元合金在接近平衡状态下,不同组织组成物的质量分数,从而使它具有实用价值。应用杠杆定律时,必须遵循相图的基本规律并使用标准术语。     

Relationship between the types of binary alloy phase diagrams of Ⅷ and IB group elements and the Mendeleev numbers

The relationship between the types of binary alloy phase diagrams of VIII and IB group elements and the Mendeleev numbers was discussed for the first time using the VIII and IB group elements as solvent metals (A) and the other elements as solute metals (B), basesd on their alloy phase diagram types. The Mendeleev numbers of the solvent metals and the solute metals were expressed as MA and MB, respectively. A two-dimension map of MA/MB was drawn. It is indi-cated that there is an oblique line in the map, which divides the binary alloy phase diagram types of solvent metals intotwo symmetry parts, the phase diagram types of the other elements with solvent metals located at the above or down ofthe line respectively, while on the line, ΔM= 0. The phase diagrams between the solvent metals basically are simple systems, mainly belong to the types of continues solid solution and the peritectic (about 40% for each type). The solvent metals can be divided into three groups: Co, lr, Rh, Ni, Pt, and Pd as the first group; Ag, Au, and Cu as the second group;and Fe, Os, and Ru as the third group. The characteristics of the phase diagrams formed between the elements in each group were discussed. About 80% phase diagrams belong to complex systems and less than 20% belong to the simple systems. The regular variation of the chemical scale, the metallic radii of the atoms, the number of valence electrons, and the first ionization energy with the Mendeleev numbers and the crystal structure were introduced as well.     

Relationship between the types of binary alloy phase diagrams of VIII and IB group elements and the Mendeleev numbers

The relationship between the types of binary alloy phase diagrams of Vlll and IB group elements and the Men deleev numbers was discussed for the first time using the Vlll and IB group elements as solvent metals (A) and the other elements as solute metals (B), basesd on their alloy phase diagram types. The Mendeleev numbers of the solvent metals and the solute metals were expressed as Ma and MB, respectively. A two-dimension map of MdMB was drawn. It is indicated that there is an oblique line in the map, which divides the binary alloy phase diagram types of solvent metals into two symmetry parts, the phase diagram types of the other elements with solvent metals located at the above or down of the line respectively, while on the line, AM= 0. The phase diagrams between the solvent metals basically are simple systems, mainly belong to the types of continues solid solution and the peritectic (about 40% for each type). The solvent metals can be divided into three groups: Co, Ir, Rh, Ni, Pt, and Pd as the first group; Ag, Au, and Cu as the second group;and Fe, Os, and Ru as the third group. The characteristics of the phase diagrams formed between the elements in each group were discussed. About 80% phase diagrams belong to complex systems and less than 20% belong to the simple systems. The regular variation of the chemical scale, the metallic radii of the atoms, the number of valence electrons, and the first ionization energy with the Mendeleev numbers and the crystal structure were introduced as well.     

ROOM TEMPERATURE SECTION OF Cu-Dy(≤35wt-％)-Ni TERNARY PHASE DIAGRAM

本文用X射线衍射法对Cu-Dy-Ni(Dy≤35wt-％)三元合金系相图的室温截面作了测定。结果如下:它有4个单相区(α,Dy_2Ni_(17),DyNi_5和DyCu_5);5个两相区(α+Dy_2Ni_(17),Dy_2Ni_(17)+DyNi_5,DyCu_5+DyNi_5,α+DyNi_5和DyCu_5+α);和两个三相区(α+Dy_2Ni_(17)+DyNi_5和α+DyNi_5+DyCu_5)。没有发现新相。Dy在α相中的最大固溶度约为2wt-％Dy。     

KF—LiCl—SrCl2系相图研究

本文研究了KF-LiCl-SrCl_2相图,并对溶解能参数f(r)和相图中初晶化合物的面积的函数关系作了描述。     

SOLUBILITY CHARACTERISTICS OF GaAs IN Bi AND THEIR PHASE DIAGRAM

A modified liquid phase epitaxy apparatus for semiconductor materials was used to measurethe solubility of GaAs in Bi.Two phase diagrams rich in Bi under H_2 and N_2 atmosphereswere obtained according to the results of measurement.A new phenomenon,in which theparameter Q value(quantity of GaAs dissolved in Bi in fixed time/saturation quantitu,ofGaAs in Bi)was different from each other at various temperatures and there existed a maxi-mum Q value at definite temperature,was observed.This phenomenon may be regarded as acommon feature of a simple binary metallic system which has the phase diagram similar tothat of Bi-GaAs.The difference observed from the dependence of Q values on temperature inboth H_2 and N_2 atmospheres was discussed.