超临界二氧化碳介质中纳米颗粒合成研究进展

在超临界流体介质中制备纳米颗粒是一项纳米颗粒合成的新技术.介绍了超临界流体的特性,综述了超临界流体快速膨胀、超临界流体抗溶剂、超临界流体干燥、超临界流体微乳液、超临界二氧化碳制动沉降法等技术的原理、影响因素、应用研究及发展前景.利用超临界流体较好的溶解、扩散和传质能力,可制备出性能优异的纳米颗粒.     

应用超临界流体技术制备超细粉体

介绍了超临界流体技术的最新进展和应用情况,重点介绍了超临界流体萃取技术以及近年来发展起来的超临界流体制造超细粉体的两种新技术--超临界溶液快速膨胀和超临界流体反溶技术.     

超临界流体制备超微粉体的研究进展

分析了国内外超微粉的研究现状及主要研究成果,着重研究了超临界流体溶液快速膨胀法制备聚合物超细粉,探索了超临界流体制备超微粉的原理及特点,论证了该技术的可行性、应用前景以及目前达到的水平与存在的问题,提出了今后发展需要解决的关键问题。     

超临界抗溶剂法制备金属氧化物纳米颗粒的研究进展

具有纳米尺寸的金属氧化物因其优异的催化性能而在电化学、生物医学和其他科学领域备受瞩目.目前,制备金属氧化物纳米颗粒的传统方法主要有水热法、溶剂热法、沉淀法、微乳液法、溶胶凝胶法和模板法等.然而,这些方法往往因成本偏高、存在有机溶剂残留等问题而限制了其进一步发展.为此,迫切需要开发一种制备金属氧化物纳米颗粒的新型技术来弥补传统方法的不足,促进金属氧化物纳米颗粒制备技术的发展.超临界流体是温度和压力处在物质的临界温度和临界压力之上的一种处于特殊状态的流体,其兼具气体和液体的某些性质,具有独特的溶剂化特征、近乎于零的表面张力、低粘度、易调变,具有接近液体的密度与溶解度和类似气体的扩散性质.近年来,超临界流体技术由于其温和的操作条件和独特的性质而广泛应用于化工、环境、制药等领域.其中,超临界抗溶剂法造粒因具有操作条件温和、制备颗粒大小可控、颗粒无有机溶剂残留等优点而备受瞩目.金属氧化物纳米颗粒因其本身的尺寸效应,在催化、传感、生物医学等领域具有较为良好的应用前景.本文介绍了超临界抗溶剂法制备金属氧化物纳米颗粒的基本原理、制备流程及应用,并着重探讨了不同温度、压力和溶液浓度对超临界抗溶剂法制备金属纳米颗粒粒径大小以及形貌的影响,最后对该方法面临的问题和挑战以及发展前景进行了展望.     

超临界溶液快速膨胀技术在超细粒子包覆中的应用

超临界溶液快速膨胀技术是一种新兴的超细粒子包覆技术。本文中综述了近年来利用超临界溶液快速膨胀技术进行超细粒子包覆的研究现状,介绍了超临界溶液快速膨胀技术的基本原理,总结了应用此技术制备包覆粒子的方法、特点及影响因素,并对其今后的研究方向及应用前景进行了展望。     

超临界二氧化碳制备超细粉体的工艺研究进展

【目的】为了解决使用传统工艺制备超细粉体时存在的粒径分布宽、颗粒均匀性差、溶剂残留多、操作条件苛刻等问题,寻求更为优异的超细粉体制备工艺。【研究现状】综述超临界CO₂制备超细粉体在医疗、材料和化学等领域的应用;总结超临界CO₂作为溶剂、抗溶剂和辅助介质时的代表超临界溶液快速膨胀法(rapid expansion of supercritical solutions, RESS)、气体抗溶剂法(gas anti-solvent, GAS)、超临界抗溶剂法(supercritical anti-solvent, SAS)、气体饱和溶液法(particles from gas-saturated solutions, PGSS)、带鼓泡干燥器的CO₂辅助雾化法(carbon dioxide assisted nebulization with bubble dryer, CAN-BD)、超临界流体辅助雾化法(supercritical assisted atomization, SAA)、强化混合超临界流体辅助雾化法(supe...     

超临界流体强制分散溶液制备天然胡萝卜素超细微粒

以二氯甲烷为溶剂,超临界CO2为抗溶剂,采用超临界流体强制分散溶液技术成功地对天然胡萝卜素进行了超细化.采用SEM照片分析微粒形貌,利用粒度分析仪测定微粒粒径.实验考察了压力、溶液浓度与流量及CO2流量对产品粒度的影响;用液体射流破碎、超临界CO2作用下的溶液体积膨胀、膨胀溶液的过饱和度及沉淀粒子团聚等解释了产品粒度随操作条件的变化规律.在实验范围内制得了平均粒径为O.6～5μm且粒度分布窄的不定形胡萝卜素微粒.微粒粒径随压力、CO2流量及溶液流量增大而减小,随溶液浓度增大而先减小后增大.     

利用超临界CO_2制备聚合物载药微粒的研究进展

近年来,各种缓、控释给药系统成为医药行业的研究热点,如何制备安全、便捷、高效、副作用小的载药微粒引起人们的广泛关注。超临界流体技术因其绿色、环保等特点,在制备载药微粒领域起着越来越重要的作用。在载药微粒的制备过程中,根据超临界CO2所起的作用不同,超临界流体技术可分为以下3类:超临界CO2作溶剂、超临界CO2作溶质和超临界CO2作抗溶剂。本研究分别介绍相应条件下的几种载药微粒的制备方法,如超临界流体快速膨胀法、超临界流体浸渍法、气体饱和溶液法、超临界流体辅助雾化过程及超临界抗溶剂法。介绍了这些方法的研究现状,并对其进行了分析和比较。最后对超临界流体技术在制备载药微粒方面的前景进行了展望。     

超临界抗溶剂技术在制备超细微粒中的应用研究进展

超临界流体抗溶剂技术可以用于制备微细材料,在高分子、医药、电子和化学工业中都具有广阔的应用前景.综述了超临界抗溶剂技术在制备超细微粒方面的应用研究进展.尤其详细介绍了利用超临界抗溶剂技术在制备生物降解聚合物及药物制剂方面的研究现状.     

用超临界溶液快速膨胀法制备超细粉体

利用超临界溶液快速膨胀法制备超细粉体 ,是近年来提出并受到研究者重视的一种很有应用前景的新的粉体制备技术。本文介绍了该技术的基本原理、理论研究和应用研究的现状及主要成果     

Micronization of Dihydroartemisinin by Rapid Expansion of Supercritical Solutions

The purpose of this study was to prepare fine particles of antimalarial drug dihydroartemisinin (DHA) by rapid expansion of supercritical solutions (RESS) using carbon dioxide as supercritical fluid. The mechanical grinding by jet mill and additional vibration rod mill also was performed as a comparative method. In the RESS process, drug particles were prepared by varying processing conditions, including extraction condition, pre-expansion condition, nozzle diameter, nozzle temperature, and collecting distance. Particle size and morphology and physicochemical characteristics of the drug particles were investigated. The RESS process could produce the smaller drug particles (about 1–2 μm) when compared to mechanical grinding method (about 7 μm). All RESS processing parameters had an effect on size and morphology of drug particles. The particle size of drug was related to the solubility of drug in supercritical CO₂ at each processing condition. The fine particles of DHA (about 1 μm) with narrow size distribution could be obtained at extraction pressure of 18 MPa and extraction temperature of 32°C, which was closed to the critical temperature of supercritical CO₂ whereas broad size distribution was obtained at extraction temperature of 60°C. Powder X-ray diffraction study indicated that the RESS-processed particles were in crystalline form. The results revealed that RESS process is applicable for micronization of DHA.     

Nanoparticle size control of theophylline using rapid expansion of supercritical solutions (RESS) technique

This paper presents the strategy for nanoparticle design of theophylline using rapid expansion of supercritical solutions (RESS) technique. In this study, the production of nanoparticles of theophylline via the RESS technique using supercritical CO₂ has been presented. The effects of five different operating parameters including equilibrium temperatures (313.2, 323.2, and 338.2 K), equilibrium pressures (14.0–22.0 MPa), pre-expansion temperatures (333.2–373.2 K), nozzle temperatures (323.2–383.2 K), and collection temperatures (265–303 K) on the size and morphology of the nanoparticles were investigated. The mean size of the produced particle was in the range of 200–300 nm, which was about 1/300 of the size of the unprocessed particle. Furthermore, the results of summarizing the dependence of the five operating parameters on particle size showed that nanoparticle size was strongly influenced by supersaturation between the pre-expansion and post-expansion sections. The supersaturation-based design will enable the control of nanoparticle size produced using the RESS technique.     

超临界流体干燥理论、技术及应用

超临界流体干燥法是制备具有很高比表面和孔体积及较低堆密度、折光指数和热导率的块状气凝胶或粉体的重要途径之一。本文详细评述了超临界流体干燥理论和技术的历史背景与研究现状，简要介绍了气凝胶在催化剂、热绝缘材料、高能物理粒子探测器、超细材料、玻璃和陶瓷等诸方面的应用和发展前景。     

超临界流体干燥法制备纳米级TiO2的研究

本文以廉价无机盐为原料,采用溶胶－凝胶法结合超临界流体干燥制备了纳米级ＴｉＯ２,并采用ＸＲＤ,ＤＴＡ－ＴＧ、ＴＥＭ技术研究了Ｓｏｌ－Ｇｅｌ过程中溶液的ＰＨ值、浓度、陈化时间及ＳＣＦＤ技术等条件对ＴｉＯ２粒径大小的影响。     

超临界抗溶剂法制备聚乳酸微球

采用超临界抗溶剂技术,对影响聚乳酸(PLA)微球粒径的溶液浓度和溶剂配比进行了初步研究。在温度38℃、压力10 MPa、溶液流速1.0mL/min、喷嘴直径300μm条件下,研究不同溶液浓度和溶剂配比对聚乳酸微粒粒径和粒径分布的影响。结果表明:当聚乳酸质量浓度为10 mg/mL、混合溶剂二氯甲烷和丙酮的体积比为V(CH_2:Cl_2):V(CH_3COCH_3)=1:2时效果最好,得到的粒堆松软,粒径集中在530～950 nm,粒径分布窄,吹干只需12 min。     

超临界烯烃聚合的研究进展--(Ⅰ)聚合工艺及工业应用

超临界流体是一种特殊的热力学状态,在此状态下进行烯烃聚合具有提高催化活性、拓宽氢调范围、改善颗粒形态及促进共聚等优点,特别是作为高熔体指数双峰分布聚烯烃的制备方法,近年来备受关注。文中综述了国外乙烯、丙烯均聚及共聚的超临界工艺和工业化应用现状,并对我国正在进行的超临界烯烃聚合工艺的研究进行了展望。     

Micronization of dihydroartemisinin by rapid expansion of supercritical solutions

The purpose of this study was to prepare fine particles of antimalarial drug dihydroartemisinin (DHA) by rapid expansion of supercritical solutions (RESS) using carbon dioxide as supercritical fluid. The mechanical grinding by jet mill and additional vibration rod mill also was performed as a comparative method. In the RESS process, drug particles were prepared by varying processing conditions, including extraction condition, pre-expansion condition, nozzle diameter, nozzle temperature, and collecting distance. Particle size and morphology and physicochemical characteristics of the drug particles were investigated. The RESS process could produce the smaller drug particles (about 1-2 microm) when compared to mechanical grinding method (about 7 microm). All RESS processing parameters had an effect on size and morphology of drug particles. The particle size of drug was related to the solubility of drug in supercritical CO(2) at each processing condition. The fine particles of DHA (about 1 microm) with narrow size distribution could be obtained at extraction pressure of 18 MPa and extraction temperature of 32 degrees C, which was closed to the critical temperature of supercritical CO(2) whereas broad size distribution was obtained at extraction temperature of 60 degrees C. Powder X-ray diffraction study indicated that the RESS-processed particles were in crystalline form. The results revealed that RESS process is applicable for micronization of DHA.     

超临界流体干燥法制备纳米级TiO2的研究

本文以廉价无机盐为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法（Sol－Gel）结合超临界流体干燥（SupercriticalFluidDrying简称SCFD）制备了纳米级TiO₂,并采用XRD、DTA－TG、TEM技术研究了Sol－Gel过程中溶液的pH值、浓度、陈化时间及SCFD技术等条件对TiO₂粒径大小的影响,实现了干燥晶化一步完成．用该方法制得的TiO₂超细粉体,粒径大都在3～6um之间,呈球形微粒,粉体晶型为锐钛矿型,并具有纯度高、热稳定性好、失重小和粒度分布均匀等特性．