基于粗糙集的企业信息化水平评价方法研究

企业信息化是企业应对激烈的市场竞争的重要手段。为此对企业信息化水平评价问题进行了系统分析，建立了企业信息化水平的评价指标体系，用集成的方法进行了综合研究，即利用灰色统计的方法建立了测评矩阵，并用粗糙集理论来确定相关指标的权重，然后利用模糊方法进行综合评价，使得评价更为科学合理。     

企业信息化评价原理与方法分析

从宏观经济角度，分析了企业信息化评价原理与方法，并在信息经济与信息化评价测度理论的基础上，建立了信息化评价指标模型，针对具体应用需要，对企业信息化评价方法进行了探讨。     

对企业信息化总体规划的再认识

从新形势下对企业信息化总体规划的认识入手，分析了企业信息化总体规划的内涵．指出应从企业内部和外部同步开展信息化总体规划，并对总体规划的范围进行了探讨。     

信息化——企业腾飞之星

在信息化浪潮风起云涌的今天，许多企业都面临是否进行信息化的抉择。由于对信息化缺乏足够的认识，加之大量失败的信息化项目案例，使得广大企业往往彷徨于信息化门槛之外，渴望对自身进行信息化改造，却又担心信息化失败带来沉重打击。有鉴于此，为使制造业企业充分了解信息化，认识信息化，进而实施     

用效能指标引导自身的信息化建设

2001年7月29日，政府授权的信息化测评机构国家信息化测评中心成立．并把建立信息化指标体系作为自己的使命。其主旨就是提高信息化建设水平，提高国家的竞争力。并进行了大量的相关工作，其中包括：国家信息化指标体系及其分指标体系的研究、企业信息化水平测评、企业信息化效能评估、信息化培训、信息化咨询、中国企业信息化500强调查、中国企业信息化标杆库建设等。     

企业信息化工程的监理机制研究

在企业信息化工程中引入监理制度是解决目前我国企业信息化工程存在的问题的有效手段之一。回顾了监理制度出现的背景和历史，提出了企业信息化工程监理的目标、主要内容，对监理机构及监理人员的性质和基本要求、监理的准则进行了研究，探讨了企业信息化工程监理在我国推广应用的措施。     

积极看待企业信息化评价体系

“十五”期间，在制造业信息化工程工作中，为了科学、系统、客观地评价和引导制造业企业信息化发展，科技部组织有关研究机构、院校和中介服务体系等单位，专门设立了研究课题，进行了多层次、不同行业和领域的企业信息化评价体系研究，并且取得了成果，部分研究成果已经在企业信息化中发挥作用。     

中小企业信息化现状及对策

制造业信息化是用信息技术改造传统产业和实现信息化带动工业化的重要渠道。本文针对中小企业占我国注册企业99％以上的实际状况，分析了中小企业的特点及中小企业对制造业信息化的需求特征，结合目前企业信息化的现状，提出了中小企业进行信息化的策略及促进中小企业信息化的措施。     

如何借助PLM模式支撑中央空调企业创新

结合全球市场竞争的环境，对企业核心竞争力以及企业信息化建设进行了深入分析，通过企业竞争力与信息化模型的论述、PLM意义的阐述，对PLM如何提升企业创新能力尤其是中央空调企业的创新能力进行了深入探讨，提出了产品全生命周期管理PLM在领航企业创新方面主导地位的论点。     

如何借助PLM模式支撑中央空调企业创亲

结合全球市场竞争的环境，对企业核心竞争力以及企业信息化建设进行了深入分析，通过企业竞争力与信息化模型的论述、PLM意义的阐述，对PLM如何提升企业创新能力尤其是中央空调企业的创新能力进行了深入探讨，提出了产品全生命周期管理PLM在领航企业创新方面主导地位的论点。     

A Surface Area Calculation and CAPP System for Non-Axisymmetric Deep Drawing Products

In this paper a surface area calculation for non-axisymmetric deep drawing products of elliptical shape was constructed for the design of blank shapes of deep drawing products by using an AutoLISP function in AutoCAD software. A computer-aided process planning (CAPP) system for rotationally symmetric deep drawing products has been developed. In this study, a CAPP system for non-axisymmetric deep drawing products of elliptical shape was constructed using process sequence design. The system developed consists of four modules. The first is the recognition of shape module for recognising non-axisymmetric products. The second is a 3D modelling module for calculating the surface area for non-axisymmetric products. The third is a blank design module for creating an oval-shaped blank with an identical surface area. The fourth is a process planning module based on production rules that play the most important role in an expert system for manufacturing. The production rules are generated and upgraded by interviewing field engineers. The drawing coefficient, the punch and die radii for elliptical shape products are considered as the main design parameters. The suitability of this system was verified by applying it to a real deep drawing product. This surface area calculation and CAPP system should be very useful for reducing the lead-time for manufacturing and for improving the accuracy of products.     

A Symbolic computation method for automatic generation of a full vehicle model simulation code for a driving simulator

This paper deals with modeling and computer simulation of a full multibody vehicle model for a driving simulator The multibody vehicle model is based on the recursive formulation and a conespondmg simulation code is generated automatically from AUTOCODE, which is a symbolic computation package developed by the authors using MAPLE The paper describes a proceduie for automatically generating a highly efficient simulation code for the full vehicle model, while incorporating realistically modeled components The following issues have been accounted for in the procedure, including software design for representing a mechanical system in symbolic form as a set of computer data objects, a multibody formulation for systems with various types of connections between bodies, automatic manipulation of symbolic expressions in the multibody formulation, interface design for allowing users to describe unconventional forceand torque-producing components, and a method for accommodating external computer subroutines that may have already been developed The effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method have been demonstrated by the simulation code developed and implemented for driving simulation     

The Pre-Processing of Data Points for Curve Fitting in Reverse Engineering

Reverse engineering has become an important tool for CAD model construction from the data points, measured by a coordinate measuring machine (CMM), of an existing part. A major problem in reverse engineering is that the measured points having an irregular format and unequal distribution are difficult to fit into a B-spline curve or surface. The paper presents a method for pre-processing data points for curve fitting in reverse engineering. The proposed method has been developed to process the measured data points before fitting into a B-spline form. The format of the new data points regenerated by the proposed method is suitable for the requirements for fitting into a smooth B-spline curve with a good shape. The entire procedure of this method involves filtering, curvature analysis, segmentation, regressing, and regenerating steps. The method is implemented and used for a practical application in reverse engineering. The result of the reconstruction proves the viability of the proposed method for integration with current commercial CAD systems.     

Towards an intelligent approach for CMM inspection planning of prismatic parts

This paper presents a model of prismatic parts (PPs) inspection planning on CMMs, in terms of an intelligent concept of inspection planning. The developed model is composed of Inspection Feature Construction, Sampling Strategy, Probe Accessibility Analysis, Automated Collision-Free Generation, and Probe Path Planning. In this model, the simulation of a measuring probe path is based on three algorithms: Algorithm for Measurement Points Distribution, Algorithm for Collision Avoidance, and Algorithm for Probe Path Planning. The simulation output is a measuring protocol for CMM UMM500. An experiment was performed on two PPs that have been produced for the purpose of this research. The inspection results show that all tolerances for both PPs are within the specified limits. The proposed model presents a novel approach for the automatic inspection and a basis for the development of an integrated, intelligent concept of inspection planning. The advantages of this approach imply the reduction of preparation time due to an automatic generation of a measuring protocol, a possibility for the optimisation of measuring probe path, i.e. the reduction of a time needed for the actual measurement and analysis of a workpiece, and an automatic configuration of measuring probes.     

Numerical experiments on determination of spatially concentrated time-varying loads on a beam: an iterative regularization method

This paper treats a solution for the ill-posed (inverse) load determination problem for a time-varying load on a beam. The ill-posed nature of the problem causes numerical instability. Conventional numerical approach for solutions results in arbitrarily large errors in solution. The Tikhonov regularization method, which is a non-iterative stabilization technique, has been widely adopted for overcoming the ill-posed nature (or numerical instability). However, in this paper, we introduce an “iterative” regularization method, specifically, the iterated Tikhonov regularization method. The iterated method is applied to the present load determination problem. The result of the iterative method is compared with that of the (non-iterative) Tikhonov regularization. The rate of convergence for the introduced iterative method turned out to be very fast. The accuracy and applicability of the introduced method are examined through a numerical experiment.     

Automatic TEM image alignment by trifocal geometry

Here we propose a novel method for automatic, markerless, feature‐based alignment of TEM images suitable for electron tomography. The proposed method, termed trifocal alignment, is more accurate than the previous markerless methods. The key components developed are: (1) a reliable multi‐resolution algorithm for matching feature points between images; (2) a robust, maximum‐likelihood‐based estimator for determining the geometry of three views – the trifocal constraint – required for validating the correctness of the matches; and (3) a robust, large‐scale optimization framework to compute the alignment parameters from hundreds of thousands of feature point measurements from a few hundred images. The ability to utilize such a large number of measurements successfully compensates for point localization errors. The method was experimentally confirmed with electron tomography tilt series of biological and material sciences samples, consisting of from 40 to 150 images. The results show that, with this feature‐based alignment approach, a level of accuracy comparable with fiducial marker alignment can be achieved.     

Development of a high pressure automated lag time apparatus for experimental studies and statistical analyses of nucleation and growth of gas hydrates

Nucleation in a supercooled or a supersaturated medium is a stochastic event, and hence statistical analyses are required for the understanding and prediction of such events. The development of reliable statistical methods for quantifying nucleation probability is highly desirable for applications where control of nucleation is required. The nucleation of gas hydrates in supercooled conditions is one such application. We describe the design and development of a high pressure automated lag time apparatus (HP-ALTA) for the statistical study of gas hydrate nucleation and growth at elevated gas pressures. The apparatus allows a small volume (≈150 μl) of water to be cooled at a controlled rate in a pressurized gas atmosphere, and the temperature of gas hydrate nucleation, T(f), to be detected. The instrument then raises the sample temperature under controlled conditions to facilitate dissociation of the gas hydrate before repeating the cooling-nucleation cycle again. This process of forming and dissociating gas hydrates can be automatically repeated for a statistically significant (>100) number of nucleation events. The HP-ALTA can be operated in two modes, one for the detection of hydrate in the bulk of the sample, under a stirring action, and the other for the detection of the formation of hydrate films across the water-gas interface of a quiescent sample. The technique can be applied to the study of several parameters, such as gas pressure, cooling rate and gas composition, on the gas hydrate nucleation probability distribution for supercooled water samples.     

Development of a pulse programmer for magnetic resonance imaging using a personal computer and a high-speed digital input-output board

We have developed a pulse programmer for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using a personal computer and a commercially available high-speed digital input-output board. The software for the pulse programmer was developed using C∕C++ and .NET Framework 2.0 running under the Windows 7 operating system. The pulse programmer was connected to a digital MRI transceiver using a 32-bit parallel interface, and 128-bit data (16 bits × 8 words) for the pulse sequence and the digitally detected MRI signal were transferred bi-directionally every 1 μs. The performance of the pulse programmer was evaluated using a 1.0 T permanent magnet MRI system. The acquired MR images demonstrated the usefulness of the pulse programmer. Although our pulse programmer was developed for a specially designed digital MRI transceiver, our approach can be used for any MRI system if the interface for the transceiver is properly designed. Therefore, we have concluded that our approach is promising for MRI pulse programmers.     

A method for detecting tool wear on a CNC lathe using a doppler radar detector

Installing a non-contact in-process tool wear detection system on a computer numerical control lathe can help prevent product defects and improve product quality without impacting product cycle time. Many methods have been proposed for non-contact in-process tool wear detection. In particular, a recent international patent application describes a method for measuring the torque in a rotating axle using a high-frequency wireless transmitter/receiver and a vibrating string. The method has reportedly been used to detect cutting on a manual lathe. The authors present a new method for measuring tool wear using a high-frequency wireless transmitter/receiver alone, without a vibrating string. The high-frequency transmitter/receiver apparently responds to metal-metal contact noise rather than, or more strongly than, to signals generated by a vibrating string. The findings could help bring automated tool wear monitoring systems closer to the level of performance needed for practical use in industry.     

Finite element analysis for temperature distributions in a cold forging

In this research, the finite element method is utilized to predict the temperature distributions in a cold-forging process for a cambolt. The cambolt is mainly used as a part of a suspension system of a vehicle. The cambolt has an off-centered lobe that manipulates the vertical position of the knuckle and wheel to a slight degree. The cambolt requires certain mechanical properties, such as strength and endurance limits. Moreover, temperature is also an important factor to realize mass production and improve efficiency. However, direct measurement of temperature in a forging process is infeasible with existing technology; therefore, there is a critical need for a new technique. Accordingly, in this study, a thermo-coupled finite element method is developed for predicting the temperature distribution. The rate of energy conversion to heat for the workpiece material is determined, and the temperature distribution is analyzed throughout the forging process for a cambolt. The temperatures associated with different punch speeds are also studied, as well as the relationships between load, temperature, and punch speed. Experimental verification of the technique is presented.