Winter operation of spillway structures at hydroelectric power plants

Basic problems of reliability assurance at hydroelectric power plants under the winter conditions prevalent in Siberia, the Far East, and mountainous region are touched upon. Data presented in the paper are based on results of scientific observations of spillway operation at various hydroprojects during the winter. Major attention is focused on analysis of the winter operation of the spillway at the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP. Basic positions with regard to evaluation of the possibility and assurance of the operation of spillway structures during winter should be considered for hydroprojects already built, and those under design.     

抽水蓄能电站上下池水质相互影响研究

本文通过现场水质测试，并采用数学模型，对某抽水蓄能电站上、下池水质的相互影响进行了研究。预测采用的数学模型部分得到了现场实测结果的验证。预测结果表明，电站运行对上、下池局部区域的水质有一定影响，但影响的范围和程度都十分有限。本文采用的数学模型及提供的实测数据对类似问题具有借鉴和参考价值。     

Steam fogs in lower pools of hydroelectric stations and possibilities of their artificial dispersion

Conclusions The given work is the first step in a study of the problem of controlling steam fogs over the polynya in the lower pools of hydrostations and use of methods of artificial crystallization of advection-radiation fogs as a means of regulating the ice and thermal conditions in the lower pools of hydrostations. More accurate quantitative calculations are to be performed in the future to determine: 1) the meso- and microstructure of steam fogs over a polynya in the lower pools of hydro developments during natural evolution and artificial crystallization of the fog; 2) change in the ice and thermal regimes of the water flow as a result of eliminating the greenhouse effect and increasing the intensity of heat emission; 3) effect of the additional ice material as a result of artificial crystallization of the fog on the formation of the ice edge in the lower pool. The development of a strategy of acting on steam fog forming over the polynya in lower pools of hydrostations in relation to the meteorological characteristics of the region is also a quite important problem.Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 2, pp. 42–44, February, 1990.     

Economic assessment of the fuel saving realized by hydroelectric power plants

Conclusions Hydroelectric power plants provide a significant fuel saving. New cost standards for local fuel, which have been developed and approved by the Ministry of Power and Electrification of the USSR and allowed for use by the State Planning Committee of the USSR Council of Ministers, are based on up-to-date cost estimates for its production and on the ever-changing fuel-energy situation. When the recommended standards are taken into account, evaluation of the cost effectiveness of projected water-power projects is significantly improved. Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 5, pp. 20–23, May, 1980.