耐候钢表面稳定化处理技术

概述了国内外耐候钢的发展概况及耐腐蚀机理,耐候钢的使用方法及存在的问题,介绍了国内外有关耐候钢表面锈层稳定化处理方法及锈层结构的形成机理。     

耐候钢锈层及其稳定化处理现状

耐候钢具有良好的耐大气腐蚀性,但是稳定化锈层形成较慢,在耐候钢使用前对表面进行预处理,可以缩短锈层稳定化形成时间和防止锈液流挂.简要概述了国内外耐候钢的发展情况,以及耐候钢稳定化锈层的形成过程和锈层的组成与结构,分为以γ-FeOOH为主的疏松外锈层和以α-FeOOH为主的致密内锈层;介绍了表面锈层保护机理,包括物理阻隔...     

含Cu耐候钢中稀土对耐蚀性的影响研究

利用周期浸润加速腐蚀试验方法对10PCuRE和10PCu耐候钢进行了腐蚀试验.通过X射线衍射分析、电子探针和扫描电镜等手段对两种钢的表面锈层性能进行了研究,得到了10PCuRE钢致密锈层的种类、形成过程以及保护机理.通过对加稀土与未加稀土的耐候钢表面锈层的对比研究,可知10PCuRE钢的表面锈层比10PCu耐候钢的锈层要均匀致密,保护性能更好.稀土耐候钢的锈层分为两层,包括外锈层和均匀致密的内锈层,内锈层的组成相中超过80%为保护性的α-FeOOH.稀土促进了合金元素Cu在内锈层的富集,有利于保护性内锈层的生成,因而提高了钢基体的耐蚀性能.     

钢的大气腐蚀防护的研究进展

回顾了近年来耐候钢研究的进展概况,重点总结了耐候钢的实验研究方法、锈层的形成机理、锈层的显微组织及生长过程中的影响因素,分析了钢的腐蚀防护情况.指出了以往研究的不足以及今后的研究方向.     

海洋工程用钢的大气腐蚀与耐候钢的发展

综述了海洋工程用钢的大气腐蚀行为与耐候钢发展方面的研究,特别是近十余年来国内外的相关成果。首先介绍了钢大气腐蚀的电化学模型,并从耐候钢特殊的锈层结构与合金元素作用两方面论述了耐候钢的锈层保护机制;然后分析了环境因素,包括相对湿度与污染物、光照、锈层损伤等,对耐候钢大气腐蚀行为的影响;最后总结了耐候钢的发展历程以及晶粒尺寸与显微组织等非合金因素在耐候钢发展中的作用,可为新型耐候钢的设计与应用提供指导。     

海洋工程用钢的大气腐蚀与耐候钢的发展

综述了海洋工程用钢的大气腐蚀行为与耐候钢发展方面的研究,特别是近十余年来国内外的相关成果。首先介绍了钢大气腐蚀的电化学模型,并从耐候钢特殊的锈层结构与合金元素作用两方面论述了耐候钢的锈层保护机制;然后分析了环境因素,包括相对湿度与污染物、光照、锈层损伤等,对耐候钢大气腐蚀行为的影响;最后总结了耐候钢的发展历程以及晶粒尺寸与显微组织等非合金因素在耐候钢发展中的作用,可为新型耐候钢的设计与应用提供指导。     

碳钢和耐候钢在南京工业大气环境中的腐蚀行为

对碳钢和耐候钢在南京工业大气环境中的腐蚀行为进行了研究。主要采用大气暴晒方法进行腐蚀失重分析;通过微观形貌、EDS、电化学手段对锈层形貌、锈层合金元素、腐蚀过程进行分析。结果表明,暴晒1个月内耐候钢腐蚀速率较普碳钢略高,两种钢的锈层均以Fe_2O_3、γ-FeOOH为主;随着腐蚀的进行,耐候钢锈层中γ-FeOOH开始逐步向α-FeOOH转变,合金元素Cr、Cu在锈层析出,锈层晶粒细化,锈层的钝化区间更宽,钝化电流密度更低。因此,从暴晒2个月后至16个月结束,耐候钢锈层具有更好的保护能力,其腐蚀速率低于普碳钢。     

耐候钢锈层稳定化处理大气曝晒(喷淋)试验

以WSD-N耐候钢和Q345钢为基板,采用大气曝晒(喷淋)的方法,对研制的锈层稳定化表面处理剂进行了性能试验。结果表明,在喷淋1%氯化钠溶液的大气曝晒试验中,耐候钢不能形成稳定化的保护锈层,对严酷的海洋环境有较好的模拟性,可用来进行锈层稳定化处理的研究;经锈层稳定化处理剂处理的耐候钢,腐蚀率仅为耐候钢的47%,且有更好的耐局部腐蚀性能。经锈层稳定化处理剂处理的Q345钢,腐蚀率是Q345钢的82%,说明锈层稳定化剂对Q345钢有一定的保护作用,但不能在Q345钢上形成稳定化的保护锈层。     

中空夹层混凝土电杆用高强耐候钢腐蚀行为研究

使用室内加速腐蚀试验、XRD分析、电化学方法等测试方法研究了AYNH 420、SQNH 420两种耐候钢的腐蚀行为。使用失重测试的方法确定了两种试验钢的腐蚀速率,研究了试验钢的腐蚀动力学;通过对耐候钢锈层微观形貌、结构的表征,确定了两种钢锈层的成分和结构;并使用动电位极化曲线和交流阻抗谱的方法对耐候钢的腐蚀机制进行了探索。结果表明:同等条件下,SQNH 420的腐蚀速率低于AYNH 420;耐候钢的主要锈层产物是Fe3O4、α-FeOOH、β-FeOOH和γ-FeOOH等。锈层的组织结构分为内外两层,能起到保护作用的是附着性好,结构致密的内层。随着腐蚀时间的延长,腐蚀产物的增多,耐候钢的腐蚀倾向降低,电极反应由电极控制向扩散控制转变。     

钢的大气腐蚀防护研究的进展

回顾了近上来耐候钢研究的进展情况，重点总结了耐候钢的实验研究方法、锈层的形成机制，锈钢的显微组织及生长过程中的影响因素，分析了钢的腐蚀防护情况，指出了以往研究的不足以及今后的研究方向。     

A nation challenged: The impact of foreign threat on America's tolerance for diversity.

Three experiments investigated how perceived foreign threats to the United States can influence Americans' endorsement of assimilation and multiculturalism as models for foreign and domestic intergroup relations. The initial study, conducted during the 6-month anniversary of the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks (9/11), discovered that a diverse group of Americans preferred assimilation as a foreign policy and multiculturalism as a domestic policy. After reading that foreigners were supporting the dominant global status of the United States, however, Americans in Experiment 2 no longer expressed this preference for assimilation as a model for foreign intergroup relations. Experiment 3 discovered that Americans primed with 9/11 (i.e., a foreign threat) revealed higher levels of national identity than did those primed with the Columbine massacre (i.e., a domestic threat); moreover, level of national identity predicted support for multiculturalism as a domestic policy and assimilation as a foreign policy. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

贵金属饰品中痕量有害元素的分析

近年来,贵金属饰品中存在的有害元素引起了国内外各检测机构的高度关注。这些有害元素不仅对消费者的身体健康产生了极大的危害,对首饰制造行业的生产、销售和贸易也产生了巨大的影响,因此对贵金属饰品中有害元素的含量进行限定是十分必要的。文中对国内外饰品中有害元素的行业标准进行了介绍,并对有害元素分析常用的样品分解方法、分离富集方法以及仪器检测技术进行了总结和评述,同时还对该研究领域的未来发展趋势进行了展望。     

国内外奥氏体不锈钢板带产品标准成分对比分析（下）

对比分析了国内外主要不锈钢板带产品标准中奥氏体不锈钢的牌号及化学成分规定,为我国国家标准的制修订提供参考,同时,为我国标准水平的提升提供指导。     

Americans respond politically to 9/11: Understanding the impact of the terrorist attacks and their aftermath.

The 9/11 terrorist attacks have had profound effect on U.S. domestic and foreign security policy, leading to several expensive wars and the erosion of civil liberties (under the USA PATRIOT Act). We review evidence on political reactions to the 9/11 attacks and conclude that subjective reactions to terrorism played an important role in shaping support for national security policy in the wake of 9/11. Support for a strong national security policy was most pronounced among Americans who perceived the nation as at threat from terrorism and felt angry at terrorists. In contrast, Americans who were personally affected by the attacks were more likely to feel anxious about terrorism, and this anxiety translated into less support for overseas military action. In addition, Americans who felt insecure after the 9/11 attacks and perceived a high future threat of terrorism were more likely than others to support strong foreign and domestic national security policies. Overall, research on American political reactions to 9/11 suggests that support for a strong government response to terrorism is most likely when members of a population perceive a high risk of future terrorism and feel angry at terrorists. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

盘条与钢丝国家标准与对应国际标准、国外先进标准的比对分析及对策研究

通过对盘条与钢丝20项具体的国家标准与对应国际标准、国外先进标准的比对分析,提出了盘条与铜丝国际标准研制以及有效应对该领域技术性贸易措施的对策建议。     

高强度海洋平台用钢国内外标准概述

对深海及浮动海洋平台所需屈服强度在410-690MPa别的海洋平台用钢的国内外标准情况进行了分析对比,并对国内开发情况进行探讨分析,为国内相关标准的制定提供参考。     

国内外钢铁及合金牌号统一数字代号表示方法综述

对国内外钢铁及合金牌号统一数字代号表示方法进行介绍.     

中国钼工业发展现状

通过对我国钼产品产量、钼业经济效益、钼对外贸易、钼价格运行情况以及国家宏观调控政策出台等方面的阐述,展现出我国钼工业发展状况,并简要指出了我国钼工业存在的突出问题以及对我国钼工业发展的几点建议。     

Use of multinational data to improve national evaluations of Holstein bulls

The usefulness of multinational data for the improvement of national estimates of genetic merit of Holstein bulls was assessed. For 222 bulls, combined US-Canadian evaluations and evaluations from the US only from January 1993 for milk, fat, and protein yields were compared with their US only evaluations from August 1997. The correlations between the 1993 and 1997 evaluations and the standard deviations of differences in evaluations from added data favored the evaluations from the US only because of a part-whole relationship; often 1997 data were largely from US only data from 1993. However, the results for 35 bulls with reliability increases of > 5% indicated that combining US and Canadian evaluations improved the prediction of future evaluations. The value of foreign data also was assessed from national and international evaluations on the scales of Canada, Germany, and the US. The changes from 1996 national evaluations to either 1996 international evaluations or 1997 national evaluations were compared to determine whether adding international data at the earlier time could provide a useful prediction of subsequent change in national evaluations. Although the degree of agreement among differences from added national and international data varied, international evaluations did provide useful information beyond the more limited national data available at the same time.     

浅谈出口企业出口收汇风险及其管理

通过对出口企业出口收汇现状及风险分析，阐述了企业在对外贸易结算中，不同结算方式下常见风险点及防范措施及如何建立和完善应收外汇帐款管理机制，有效控制风险。