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1.
A theoretical model concerning the influence of heating/cooling rate on the solid-phase transition temperature is developed.
The equilibrium solid-phase transition temperature is obtained y extrapolating the heating/cooling rate to 0 °C/min. It is
supposed that the solid-phase transition is controlled by the Gibbs free energy and the diffusivity of elements involved in
the transition. Comparison with differential thermal analysis (DTA) results of Zr and Ti alloys shows good agreement. 相似文献
2.
3.
The phase equilibria in a hypoeutectic AK7 aluminum alloy (Al-7% Si-0.5% Mg silumin) are studied by differential barothermal analysis in the pressure range 5–131 MPa at temperatures up to 960 K. The baric dependences of the liquidus temperature during heating and the solidus and liquidus temperatures during cooling are found to have a minimum at 5 MPa. The solidus temperature during heating increases sharply as the pressure increases from 5 to 53 MPa and remains almost unchanged at a pressure p ≥ 53 MPa. The baric coefficients of the solidus and liquidus temperatures in the pressure range 5 ≤ p ≤ 53 MPa achieve ~0.6 K/MPa, which is much higher than the baric coefficient of the melting temperature of pure aluminum. A pT phase diagram is proposed for the AK7 alloy. 相似文献
4.
Thermal analysis is often used to determine equilibrium phase boundary temperatures such as the liquids. Accurate measurements
require proper calibration procedures, which are standard for given instruments. In multicomponent alloys such as RENE N5
and PWA 1484 superalloys, a complex melting behavior associated with the solidification structure was exposed by examining
the melting response at different heating rates. The observed variability in the melting signal is related to the sample processing
history and is not addressed by the various standard calibration methods or supplemental procedures for different heating
rates. The liquidus temperature can be determined under conditions approaching full compositional equilibrium by the application
of an interrupted-heating thermal analysis protocol. The approach provides a new strategy for the reliable determination of
phase boundary temperatures by thermal analysis. 相似文献
5.
The constitution of the Cr-Ni-Si ternary system is established via experiment and thermodynamic modeling. In the experimental section, 35 decisive alloys, the compositions of which are based
on a preliminary calculation using available literature data, are prepared by arc melting of cold-pressed pellets and annealing
at 900 °C for 25 days. Water-quenched samples are analyzed by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential thermal analysis
(DTA) techniques. In the modeling section, a consistent thermodynamic data set for the Cr-Ni-Si system is obtained by considering
the present experimental results and reliable literature data. Comparisons between the calculated and measured phase diagrams
show that the experimental information is satisfactorily accounted for by the thermodynamic modeling. The liquidus projection
and reaction scheme for the entire ternary system are presented. 相似文献
6.
The microstructural development of several Ni-Cr-Mo and Fe-Ni-Cr-Mo alloys over a range of conditions has been examined. A
commercial alloy, AL-6XN, was chosen for analysis along with three experimental compositions to isolate the contribution of
individual alloying elements to the overall microstructural development. Detailed microstructural characterization on each
alloy demonstrated that the observed solidification reaction sequences were primarily dependent on the segregation behavior
of molybdenum (Mo), which was unaffected by the large difference in cooling rate between differential thermal analysis (DTA)
samples and welded specimens. This explains the invariance of the amount of eutectic constituent observed in the microstructure
in the welded and DTA conditions. Multicomponent liquidus projections developed using the CALPHAD approach were combined with
solidification path calculations as a first step to understanding the observed solidification reaction sequences. Discrepancies
between the calculations and observed reaction sequences were resolved by proposing slight modifications to the calculated
multicomponent liquidus projections. 相似文献
7.
8.
A melting and solidification study of alloy 625 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
M. J. Cieslak T. J. Headley A. D. Romig T. Kollie 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》1988,19(9):2319-2331
The melting and solidification behavior of Alloy 625 has been investigated with differential thermal analysis (DTA) and electron
microscopy. A two-level full-factorial set of chemistries involving the elements Nb, C, and Si was studied. DTA results revealed
that all alloying additions decreased the liquidus and solidus temperatures and also increased the melting temperature range.
Terminal solidification reactions were observed in the Nb-bearing alloys. Solidification microstructures in gastungsten-arc
welds were characterized with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. All alloys solidified to an austenitic (γ)
matrix. The Nb-bearing alloys terminated solidification by forming various combinations of γ/MC(NbC), γ/Laves, and γ/M6C eutectic-like constituents. Carbon additions (0.035 wt pct) promoted the formation of the γ/MC(NbC) constituent at the expense
of the γ/Laves constituent. Silicon (0.4 wt pct) increased the formation of the yJLaves constituent and promoted formation
of the γ/M6C carbide constituent at low levels (<0.01 wt pct) of carbon. When both Si (0.4 wt pct) and C (0.035 wt pct) were present,
the γ/MC(NbC) and γ/Laves constituents were observed. Regression analysis was used to develop equations for the liquidus and
solidus temperatures as functions of alloy composition. Partial derivatives of these equations taken with respect to the alloying
variables (Nb, C, Si) yielded the liquidus and solidus slopes t(m
L
, m
S
) for these elements in the multicomponent system. Ratios of these liquidus to solidus slopes gave estimates of the distribution
coefficients (k) for these same elements in Alloy 625. 相似文献
9.
Precipitation of primary silicon was studied in Al-Si hypereutectic alloys with 15, 18, and 25 wt. % silicon content. The alloys were solidified with different cooling rates from different super heat temperatures. The liquidus and eutectic temperature were evaluated from the cooling curves. The liquidus temperature was found to decrease with cooling rate. The evaluation of microstructure showed that the fraction of primary silicon decreased with increasing the cooling rate and super heat temperature. Furthermore, the morphology of the primary silicon changed as an effect of cooling rate and super heat temperature. 相似文献
10.
Under the laboratory conditions, nine kinds of temperature regimes were designed to prepare Si- Mn- N alloy and the effect of heating rate, holding temperature, holding time and cooling rate on the increased nitrogen content in Si- Mn alloy was investigated by differential thermal analyzer. The results show that increased nitrogen content in Si- Mn alloy sample is 5. 45 mass%-37. 92 mass%, and the average value is 19. 33 mass%. The main factors influencing increased nitrogen content in Si- Mn alloy are heating rate, holding temperature and holding time. The optimum heating rate, optimal temperature range, and holding time for increasing nitrogen in Si- Mn alloys are 5??/min, 1100-1400?? and 4h, respectively. Under the optimum temperature range of 1100-1400??. and holding for 4h, the Si- Mn alloy has the largest nitrogen content. At this time, nitrogen content in the silicon- manganese alloy is 32. 8 mass%. and the main phase is Si3N4, MnSiN2 and Fe2Si by XRD analyzer. The nitrogen- enhancement process of Si- Mn alloy is a process in which solid- state and liquid- state Si- Mn alloys react with nitrogen. The nitrogen- enhancement rate of the liquid- state Si- Mn alloy reacting with nitrogen is faster. 相似文献
11.
S. Seftharaman Du Sichen S. Sridhar K. C. Mills 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B》2000,31(1):111-119
This article considers the viscous-flow phenomenon in molten silicate melts in the vicinity of their liquidus temperatures.
An agglomeration of ionic species occurs in the liquid slag with decreasing temperatures and results in an increase in the
viscosity and the activation energy for viscous flow. The latter was found to be nonlinear, increasing rapidly as the temperature
is approached wherein a solid phase is likely to separate from the liquid. The second derivative of the activation energy
for viscous flow with respect to temperature was found to show a discontinuity in the vicinity of the liquidus temperature.
This has been verified in the case of viscous flow for both pure water and CaOSiO2 melts. Experimental data for the viscosities of complex silicate melts and mold fluxes have also demonstrated the occurrence
of a discontinuity in the second-derivative function, which is in accordance with the liquidus temperature as determined by
differential thermal analysis (DTA). Thus, the second derivative offers a useful way of estimating the liquidus temperatures
of multicomponent silicates, which are often difficult to determine due to supercooling effects. 相似文献
12.
13.
Cláudio A. Siqueira Noé Cheung Amauri Garcia 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》2002,33(7):2107-2118
Experiments were conducted to analyze the columnar-to-equiaxed transition (CET) during the upward unsteady-state directional
solidification of Al-Cu and Sn-Pb alloys, under different conditions of superheat and heat-transfer efficiencies at the metal/mold
interface. A combined theoretical and experimental approach is developed to quantitatively determine the solidification thermal
parameters: transient heat-transfer coefficients, tip growth rates, thermal gradients, and cooling rates. The observed results
do not give support to CET criteria based individually either on tip growth rate or temperature gradients ahead of the liquidus
isotherm. Rather, the analysis has indicated that a more convenient criterion should encompass both thermal parameters through
the tip cooling rate. The columnar growth is expected to prevail throughout the casting for a tip cooling rate higher than
a critical value, which depends only on the alloy system and was observed to be about 0.2 K/s for Al-Cu alloys and 0.01 K/s
for Sn-Pb alloys in the present investigation. 相似文献
14.
Semi‐solid metallurgy (SSM), also known as “thixoforming” or “thixoprocessing”, is of special interest as a new potential manufacturing technology for components in the automobile, machine and electronic industries. The aim of this technology is to produce complex shapes which cannot be produced with conventional processing methods. An important process step of semi‐solid processing (SSP) is the reheating and isothermal holding of the billet within the solid‐liquid range in order to obtain the required fraction liquid content and the desired globular microstructure. Aside from the investigation of billet heating and the development of a suitable tool design, the development and evaluation of adequate microstructures over a wide temperature area is very important. The focus of this paper is to determine the semi‐solid area of different steels through Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) measurements. To determine a process window for handling the alloys in the semi‐solid state, the DTA‐results can be combined with microstructure parameters. Subsequent quenching experiments show the development of the microstructure parameters (e.g. grain size, phase distribution, volume fraction, shape factor, matrix character, contiguity, and particle density of the primary solid and liquid phases). A comparison of the slopes of the determined solid‐liquid areas for different steels show the width of the melting or freezing intervals to evaluate the possible process windows. DTA‐experiments performed at different heating rates show the influence of faster heating and cooling rates on the solidus‐liquidus interval. To evaluate the suitability for the thixoforming processes, this paper describes, and then compares, the semi‐solid intervals of different steel grades, which have been investigated in the Department of Ferrous Metallurgy at the RWTH Aachen University. The tool steel HS 6‐5‐3 and the cold work tool steel X210CrW12 have a wide semi‐solid area, which can be explained due to the dissolution of different carbides. In contrast to this, the steels C45, 42CrMo4, 16MnCr5, 34CrNiMo4, 100Cr6, X220CrVMo13‐4 and the Alloy 33 show a much smaller semi‐solid area. 相似文献
15.
根据铬当量、镍当量的计算结果推断了06Cr19Ni10奥氏体不锈钢的凝固模式,并采用差热分析技术(DTA)对06Cr19Ni10奥氏体不锈钢在10和30℃/min的加热冷却速度下的凝固过程进行了研究,对DTA曲线中的吸热峰和放热峰进行了分析,并采用激光共聚焦显微镜(LSCM)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对样品进行了测定。分析结果表明:06Cr19Ni10奥氏体不锈钢的实际凝固模式为FA型,即铁素体奥氏体型。随着冷却速率的增加,奥氏体形核率增大,残余的δ铁素体在形态上更加细小分散。该研究结果对实际生产中改善铸坯组织,提高铸坯质量具有着一定的意义。 相似文献
16.
The effects of thermal stress and strain on the solid-phase transition temperature in differential thermal analysis (DTA)
were investigated both theoretically and experimentally. The thermal stress is caused by the nonuniform distribution of temperature
in the sample, and the strain is caused by the phase transformation. The experimental materials included high-purity Zr, commercially
pure Ti, and high-purity Fe. It was found that the effect of thermal stress on the solid-phase transformation temperature
was negligible due to the small size of the sample. An equation relating the phase transition temperature and the heating
rate was developed which contains both strain energy and grain boundary energy considerations. Equilibrium phase transition
temperatures calculated using this equation for Zr, Ti, and Fe are in good agreement with the phase diagrams and previous
work. 相似文献
17.
The undercooling behavior of fine droplet samples of Sn-rich, Sn-Sb alloys was investigated using differential thermal analysis
(DTA). Undercooling levels measured during cooling from the liquid state follow the trend of the intermetallic phase liquidus,
suggesting that solidification of all droplet samples (even those which solidify to yield a supersaturatedβ-tin product) was probably initiated with formation of primary intermetallic phase. Heterogeneous nucleation thermal cycling
treatments were then used to measure the relative catalytic potency of primary intermetallic phases in this system for nucleation
ofβ-tin during cooling. Crystallization reactions below the equilibrium peritectic temperature of 250 °C, at 187 °C and 230 °C,
have been interpreted as corresponding to nucleation ofβ on Sn3Sb2 and SnSb substrates, respectively. The behavior observed in the Sn-Sb system can be generalized to guide the interpretation
of heterogeneous catalysis and the analysis of solidification pathways in other peritectic alloy systems.
Formerly Graduate Student, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison 相似文献
18.
S. Curiotto N. H. Pryds E. Johnson L. Battezzati 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》2006,37(8):2361-2368
This article deals with the metastable liquid-liquid separation in the Cu-Co system. Several samples with different compositions
were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry. High undercooling with respect to the liquidus was reached by means
of the glass fluxing technique. The alloys were cycled with several heating and cooling runs in order to determine the temperature
of the liquid-liquid separation and of the remixing. For each composition, demixing and remixing temperatures were found to
be equal. Nucleation rate calculations of the liquid phase separation were carried out to explain the experimental results.
The liquid-liquid separation in the Cu-Co system was found to be a nucleation process occurring with no detectable undercooling
below the binodal line. 相似文献
19.
20.
Determination of the melting and solidification characteristics of solders using differential scanning calorimetry 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Sinn-Wen Chen Chao-Ching Lin Chihming Chen 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》1998,29(7):1965-1972
Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is used in the present study to determine the onset temperature of phase transformation
and the enthalpy of fusion of various solder alloys. The solders studied are Sn-Pb, Sn-Bi, Ag-Sn, In-Ag, and Sn-Pb-Bi alloys.
Very notable undercooling, such as 35 °C, is observed in the solidification process; however, a superheating effect is not
as significant in the heating process. Besides the direct measurements of reaction temperature and heat of fusion, the fraction
solid vs temperature has also been determined using a DSC coupled with a mathematical-model method. The heating and cooling curves
of the solders are first determined using DSC. By mathematically modeling the heat transfer of the DSC cells, the heat evolution
and absorption can be calculated, and then the melting and solidification curves of the solder alloys are determined. The
three ternary alloys, Sn-35 wt pct Pb-10 wt pct Bi, Sn-45 wt pct Pb-10 wt pct Bi, and Sn-55 wt pct Pb-10 wt pct Bi, displayed
similar DSC cooling curves, which had three reaction peaks. However, the solid fractions of the three alloys at the same temperature
in the semisolid state, which had been determined quantitatively using the DSC coupled with a mathematical method, were different,
and their primary solidification phases were also different. 相似文献