非晶铝基粉末冷喷涂涂层及其耐磨性能

为提高镁合金的耐磨性能,采用冷喷涂技术在AZ91D镁合金表面制备铝基非晶涂层,并利用扫描电镜对涂层的微观形貌进行分析,采用X射线衍射仪分析喷涂粉末及涂层中的非晶含量,利用多功能摩擦磨损试验机研究了涂层的耐磨性能。结果表明:冷喷涂后涂层中仍含有铝基非晶结构,非晶含量为48%,涂层微观组织致密,孔隙率为0.59%。铝基非晶涂层的磨损量和磨损率均低于镁合金基体,摩擦因数高于基体。     

Electrodeposition of zinc on AZ91D magnesium alloy pre‐treated by stannate conversion coatings

A stannate chemical conversion process followed by an activation procedure was employed as the pre‐treatment process for AZ91D magnesium alloy substrate. Zn was electroplated onto the pre‐treated AZ91D magnesium alloy surface from pyrophosphate bath to improve the corrosion resistance and the solderability. The surface morphologies of conversion coating and zinc coating were examined with scanning electron microscope (SEM). The phase composition of conversion coating was investigated by X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The electrochemical corrosion behavior of the coatings in the corrosive solution was investigated by potentiodynamic polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The experimental results showed that the activated stannate chemical conversion coating provided a suitable interface between zinc coating and the AZ91D magnesium alloy substrate. The corrosion resistance of the AZ91D substrate was improved by the zinc coating.     

Preparation and property evaluation of electroless Ni-P coatings on AZ91D magnesium alloy

Taking a bath with basic nickel carbonate as the source of nickel, sodium hypophosphite as the reducing agent and citric acid as the complexing agent, the N i-P coatings on AZ91D magnesium alloy were prepared. The influence of pH value of the bath on the content of phosphorus, microhardness and corrosion resistance of the deposits was examined. The XRD analysis results show that the Ni-P coatings plated under all conditions have a mixed microstructure of amorphous and nanocrystalline and undergo a phase transformation to crystalline nickel and nickel phosphide upon heat-treatment. The microhardness of the Ni-P coatings increases with the increase ofpH value of the bath and has a maximum at pH=6. The potentiodynamic polarization test in 3.5%（mass fraction） NaCl solution reveals that the Ni-P coatings exhibit a very good corrosion resistance to protecting AZ91D magnesium alloy.     

镁合金表面冷喷涂铝合金的界面扩散行为

采用冷喷涂技术在镁合金表面制备了快凝Al-12Si-3Fe-3Mn-2Ni合金粉末涂层,观察了涂层与基体合金界面形态,试验研究了热处理温度和保温时间对涂层与基体之间相互扩散的影响.结果表明,采用冷喷涂技术制备的快凝Al-12Si-3Fe-3Mn-2Ni合金粉末涂层,经热处理后涂层更加致密、均匀,涂层中的Al元素和基体中的Mg元素均发生互扩散;基体中的Mg元素向涂层方向的扩散量要大于涂层中的Al元素向基体方向的扩散量;随着温度的提高和时间的延长,基体和涂层之间的Mg,Al元素扩散程度均提高;但是当温度提高到300℃,时间延长到3h后,其扩散层变化微小.涂层和基体合金中的其它元素扩散量较少.     

镁合金表面电弧喷涂纯铝的界面特性研究

采用电弧喷涂技术对ZK60和AZ91两种镁合金表面喷铝,为了提高界面结合性能,对喷后样品进行了真空条件下450℃保温2h和250℃真空热压1h两种不同的后处理,结果表明:两种处理工艺都能一定程度的提高界面性能,但是前一处理工艺基体晶粒显著长大,后一处理工艺则对基体的影响较小,并且同时改善了涂层自身的性能.     

固溶处理对AZ91D镁合金微弧氧化的影响

研究AZ91D镁合金的固溶处理对其微弧氧化成膜的影响.结果表明:固溶态基体由于成分分布均匀而能够迅速成膜并长大,且在相同的微弧化处理时间内其膜层厚度始终大于铸态基体上的膜层厚度,提高幅度约为40%;随反应时间的延长,膜层厚度逐渐增加,微弧氧化膜表面的喷射空洞和喷射沉积物呈现粗大化趋势,膜层表面粗糙度也随之增大;在微弧氧化反应初期,固溶态基体上膜层粗糙度较小;反应约100 S后,固溶态基体膜层的粗糙度逐渐超过铸态基体膜层的粗糙度;当微弧氧化膜厚度相同时,固溶态基体上膜层的粗糙度始终小于铸态基体膜层的;微弧氧化膜上存在微裂纹,铸态基体膜层上的裂纹深而长,呈连续分布且随处可见;固溶态基体膜层上裂纹浅而短,呈单个分布且数量较少;固溶处理带来的基体成分的均匀化能降低微弧氧化生成同厚度膜层的能耗.     

热扩散对镁合金锌铝涂层界面组织和性能的影响

选用具有较低熔点的锌作过渡层,采用热喷涂工艺在AZ91D镁合金表面制备了锌铝涂层,并分析热扩散对锌铝涂层界面组织和性能的影响.研究表明:经热扩散处理后,涂层与基体界面处形成扩散熔合区,扩散熔合区由Mg-Zn-Al金属间化合物及其固溶体组成;由于扩散熔合区的形成,使涂层的显微硬度和耐磨性能均显著提高.     

Anodization of AZ91 magnesium alloy in alkaline solution containing silicate and corrosion properties of anodized films

The anodization of AZ91 magnesium alloy in an alkaline electrolyte of 100g/L NaOH 20g/L Na2B4O7·10H2O 50g/L C6H5Na3O7·2H2O 60g/L Na2SiO3·9H2O was studied.The corrosion resistance of the anodized films was studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization techniques.The microstructure of the films was examined with scanning electronic microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD).The results show that,under the experimental conditions,the optimum anodizing time and the optimum anodizing current density are 40min and 20mA/cm2 respectively for obtaining the anodic film with high corrosion resistance.The XRD pattern shows that the components of the anodized film consist of MgO and Mg2 (SiO4).     

Comparison of a cold-sprayed and plasma-sprayed Fe25Cr20Mo1Si amorphous alloy coatings on 40Cr substrates

The purpose of this paper is to examine whether cold spraying is capable of manufacturing high-quality ferrous-based amorphous alloy coatings by comparing the performance of a cold-sprayed with a plasma-sprayed Fe25Cr20Mo1Si amorphous coating on a 40Cr substrate. The hardness, microstructure, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance of the two coatings were determined with potentiodynamic polarization curves, neutral salt spray tests, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction and their performance differences were examined. The results show that the cold-sprayed Fe25Cr20Mo1Si coating has an amorphous content of 97.63%, which is slightly higher than that for the raw powder (97.24%) and plasma-sprayed coating (96.55%). The coating hardness ranges from 720 HV to 1,030 HV, which is higher than plasma-sprayed coating (590–610 HV) and decreases the wear rate to about 2/3. The average porosity is 2.97 ± 0.59%, which is lower than that of the plasma-sprayed coating (4.95 ± 0.13%). The cold-sprayed Fe25Cr20Mo1Si coating can pass the 3,000 hr neutral salt spraying test, while the plasma-sprayed coating fails within 120 hr. The corrosion current in 3.5% NaCl solution reached to its stable value about 1.66 A/cm², which is about 1/4 of the plasma-sprayed coating (5.81 A/cm²). Upon analyzing the properties and the anticorrosion performance, it was found that there are no through-thickness pores in the cold-sprayed coating that impact its long-term anticorrosion performance. Cold spraying can be used to fabricate ferrous-based amorphous coatings instead of traditional thermal spraying technologies to obtain high-quality ferrous-based amorphous coatings.     

Structure and wear resistance of TiN and TiAlN coatings on AZ91 alloy deposited by multi-arc ion plating

In order to investigate the microstructure of TiN and TiAlN coatings and their effect on the wear resistance of Mg alloy, TiN and TiAlN coatings were deposited on AZ91 magnesium alloy by multi-arc ion plating technology. TiN and Ti70Al30N coatings were prepared on the substrate, respectively, which exhibited dark golden color and compact microstructure. The microstructures of TiN and Ti70Al30N coatings were investigated by X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The micro-hardness and wear resistance of TiN and Ti70Al30N coatings were investigated in comparison with the uncoated AZ91 alloy. The XRD peaks assigned to TiN and TiAlN phases are found. The hardness of TiN coatings is two times as high as that of AZ91 alloy, and Ti70Al30N coating exhibits the highest hardness. The wear resistance of the hard coatings increases obviously as result of their high hardness.     

Preparation and Corrosion resistance of Cerium-based Chemical Conversion Coating on AZ91 Magnesium alloy

采用Ce(NO3)3为主盐的稀土盐处理溶液,在AZ91镁合金表面形成无毒,无污染的铈盐化学转化膜,并研究成膜规律及其耐蚀行为。利用对膜层的外加扰动小,更易得到重复性高结果的电化学阻抗谱技术评价膜层耐蚀性能。初步优化了处理时间、温度、Ce(NO3)3液浓度和促进剂等因素对膜层结构和膜层耐蚀性能的影响,并获得了最好的成膜条件：温度35℃,时间为30min,处理液主盐Ce(NO3)3的浓度为0.02mol/l和4ml/l成膜促进剂。结果表明：优化后的工艺能够在AZ91镁合金表面获得宏观黄色致密,微观具有微小裂纹并分层的膜层,内层膜Ce含量较外层的低但致密。工艺优化制备的稀土化学转化膜能有效提高镁合金的耐蚀性能,有效抑制阴阳极反应,自腐蚀电位提高240mV,自腐蚀电流密度降低达到2个数量级。     

Effect of surface nanocrystallization on the microstructural and corrosion characteristics of AZ91D magnesium alloy

Surface distinct deformed layers with thicknesses up to 150 μm, with grain size in the top most surface is in the nanometer scale, were produced on AZ91D magnesium alloy using surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT). Effects of different ball size on the properties of the SMATed samples were investigated. The microstructural, grain size, hardness and roughness features of the treated surfaces were characterized using optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), micro-indenter and digital roughness meter, respectively. Corrosion behavior of the samples was evaluated using potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. It is found that the ball diameter does not have a significant effect on the top surface grain size, but the thickness of the deformed layer increases with increase of ball size, from 50 μm for 2 mm balls to 150 μm for 5 mm balls. For all of the SMATed samples, the top surface microhardness value increased significantly and did not show any obvious change for samples treated with different balls. Corrosion studies show that the corrosion resistance of the sample treated with 2 mm balls is higher than that of those treated with 3 mm and 5 mm balls. This can be mainly attributed to the surface roughness and defects density of the samples, which are higher for the SMATed samples with 3 mm and 5 mm balls compared with that of sample SMATed with 2 mm balls.     

铝合金表面电弧喷涂铝涂层工艺与性能

采用电弧喷涂工艺在6061铝合金基体表面喷涂高纯铝涂层,利用金相显微镜对涂层的组织进行观察,分析了基体与涂层的结合方式,测量了涂层的孔隙率.并采用质量分数为5%的NaCl溶液浸泡试验、盐雾试验和电化学试验,检验了涂层的耐腐蚀性.结果表明,利用电弧喷涂技术可以在6061铝合金基体表面形成均匀、致密、孔隙率低、结合良好的高纯铝涂层;高纯铝涂层耐腐蚀性较好,对铝合金基体起到了保护作用,涂层经过封孔工艺处理后保护作用更好.     

Preparation and characterization of inorganic and organic coatings on AZ91D magnesium alloy with electroless plating pretreatment

In this paper, a protective coating scheme was applied for the corrosion protection of AZ91D magnesium alloy. Electroless Ni coating (EN coating) as bottom layer, electrodeposited Ni coating (ENN coating), and silane‐based coating (ENS coating) as top layer, respectively, were successfully prepared on AZ91D magnesium alloy by combination techniques. Scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction were employed to investigate the surface and phase structure of coatings, respectively. The electrochemical corrosion behaviors of coatings in neutral 3.5 wt% NaCl solution were evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization techniques. The corrosion testing showed that the three kinds of coatings all could provide corrosion protection for AZ91D magnesium alloy to a certain extent, and the corrosion resistance of ENN and ENS was superior to EN. In order to further study the corrosion protection properties of ENN and ENS, a comparative investigation on the evolution of EIS of ENN and ENS was carried out by dint of immersion test in neutral 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. The results indicated that, compared with ENN, the ENS could provide longer corrosion protection for AZ91D magnesium alloy. It is significant to determine the barrier effect of each coating, which could provide reference for industry applications.     

AZ91镁合金脉冲电沉积Ni-SiC纳米复合涂层的磨损与腐蚀性能

为了改善AZ91镁合金的表面性能,在含0-15g／LSiC纳米颗粒的改进的瓦特槽中,采用脉冲电沉积得到不同SiC含量的Ni-SiC纳米复合涂层。采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）研究涂层的形貌,采用能谱仪（EDs）测试涂层的SiC含量。从15g／LSiC槽中电沉积得到的样品,其涂层的显微硬度提高了600％。采用动电位极化法研究包覆AZ91镁合金的腐蚀行为。结果表明,样品的耐腐蚀性能明显提高,即腐蚀电流密度从未包覆样品的0．13mA／cm2降低到槽中含15∥LSiC电沉积包覆样品的1．74x101mA／cm2,腐蚀电位从未包覆样品的-1．6V增加到槽中电沉积包覆样品的-0．31V。使用盘销摩擦测试仪评估了包覆和未包覆样品的耐磨性能,包覆样品的磨损量比未包覆的小8倍。     

Effects of low temperature thermal treatment on zinc and/or tin plated coatings of AZ91D magnesium alloy

A new method was investigated to obtain composite coatings on the AZ91D magnesium alloy by electrodeposition and low temperature thermal treatment. Zinc and tin were introduced to AZ91D Mg alloy surface by electroplating firstly. And a succedent thermal treatment was carried out at 190 ± 10 °C for 12 h. The surface and cross-section morphologies of the plated coatings with and without thermal treatment were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). And the microstructure was determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results reveal that it was difficult to obtain good adhesion plated Sn coating but easy to get well-adherent plated Zn coating. And the thermal treatment promoted the formation of Mg₂Sn in the plated Sn coating and the recrystallization in the plated Zn coating. The plated double Zn-Sn coating owned good adhesion and uniform surface. Furthermore, when the plated double Zn-Sn coating was treated at 190 ± 10 °C for 12 h, a three-layer structure coating was formed due to the diffusion of tin. The results of the anodic polarization behaviors in 5 wt.% NaCl solution show that the three-layer structure coating could provide better protection for AZ91D substrate than the plated Zn-Sn coating.     

Preparation and corrosion resistance of superhydrophobic coatings on AZ31 magnesium alloy

In order to improve the corrosion resistance of the Mg alloys, the superhydrophobic coatings on AZ31 Mg alloy were prepared by a two-step process of micro-arc oxidation treatment and superhydrophobic treatment in stearic acid ethanol solution. The effects of voltages, frequencies and treatment time on the contact angle of the superhydrophobic treated sample were investigated. The results showed that with increasing the voltage, frequency and treatment time, all of the contact angles of the superhydrophobic treated sample increased first, and then decreased, reaching the maximum values at 350 V, 1000 Hz and 5 min, respectively. The optimal superhydrophobic coating was mainly composed of MgO and Mg₂SiO₄ phases, with the pore diameter of ～900 nm, the thickness of ～6.86 μm and the contact angle of 156.96°. The corrosion current density of the superhydrophobic AZ31 sample decreased by three orders of magnitude, and the amount of hydrogen evolution decreased by 94.77% compared with that of the AZ31 substrate sample.     

几种金属基板上冷喷涂铜涂层的试验与模拟

采用自主研制的冷喷涂设备在三种典型基板上进行喷涂试验,相同的工艺参数下,在铜和铝基板上得到良好的铜涂层,而在钢基板上则没有沉积.实验结果表明:涂层与基板界面、涂层内部颗粒界面结合良好,铜涂层组织致密,显微硬度高达150HV0.1;从涂层表面形貌扫描电镜(SEM)照片中可以观察到射流状的金属,说明颗粒发生了巨大变形,经计算知颗粒在碰撞中压缩率达69%;粉末和涂层的X射线衍射(XRD)结果表明铜粉末在冷喷涂过程中没有发生氧化.同时,数值模拟了铜颗粒与三种基板的碰撞过程,讨论了形成有效结合的判断准则,根据该准则,计算出铜颗粒在铜、铝、钢基板上的临界沉积速度分别为600m/s,500m/s,800m/s,从而解释了铜颗粒在三种基板上不同的沉积行为.