炉内喷钙脱硫成套技术简介

喷钙脱硫成套技术经过原理研究，高效吸着剂研制、工艺技术过程的实验室开发和中试，经过２０ｔ／ｈ链条锅炉锅炉配套喷钙脱硫技术装置的工程示范，证明该工艺技术流程简单、脱硫效果显著、运行可靠，是非常适用于工业锅炉、乃对大容量电站煤粉锅炉的低成本脱硫技术 。     

水合反应器内浆滴脱硫的研究

在烟气增湿脱硫实验台上 ,分别进行了蒸汽水合和喷水水合生石灰的脱硫实验研究。研究了钙硫比Ca/S、饱和温距 (烟气温度与水蒸汽露点的温差 )ΔT 和烟气流速等因素对脱硫效率的影响 ,结果发现浆滴的脱硫效率对水合反应器的整体脱硫效率有着非常重要的作用     

低成本炉内喷钙脱硫技术研究

炉内喷钙脱硫技术是一种低成本的脱硫技术,本文描述了炉内喷钙脱硫理化反应机理和模型,在一台１５万大卡的一维煤粉燃烧试验炉上进行了直接喷射吸着剂脱硫试验,当Ｃａ／ｓ≈２左右时,脱硫效率达５６－７４％,此外,还提出了一维简化数学模型,计算与试验结果误差在１０％以内。     

钙基对煤灰熔融特性影响的研究

炉内喷钙脱硫技术增加了烟气的飞灰含量和灰中钙的含量,对煤灰的熔融特性有一定影响.在几种动力用煤中添加钙基吸着剂,对灰渣的成分及其熔融特性进行研究,并对添加钙基吸着剂后的灰熔点进行拟合计算,为添加钙基吸着剂后灰熔点的计算提供一种计算方法.结果表明:不同煤种的含硫成分不同,随着Ca/S的不同,煤灰熔融特性变化也不相同.根据20组试验数据,用回归方法拟合出适合添加钙基的灰熔融特性方程,拟合结果显著性高,既充分证明了不同煤的灰熔融特性随添加钙基的变化不同,又可预测添加钙基吸着剂后灰熔点的变化.     

水合反应和氧化铁对CaO颗粒脱硫反应作用的Arrhenius表达

将水合反应对CaO颗粒脱硫反应的促进作用归纳为水合反应的活化作用和将氧化铁对CaO颗粒脱硫反应的促进作用归纳为CaO颗粒活性中心数量的增加的观点,从化学动力学角度而言是不够清晰的。本文通过TGA系列实验证明了CaO的水合活化反应和氧化铁在Ca0颗粒的脱硫反应中的作用本质是提高指前因子,并对水合反应和氧化铁的作用机理进行了对比分析。     

蒸汽水合生石灰的脱硫实验研究

在烟气增湿脱硫实验台上,进行了蒸汽水合生石灰的脱硫实验研究,结果表明,钙硫比,饱和温距（烟气温度与水蒸气露点的温差）ΔT和烟气流速（停留时间）是影响脱硫效率的主要因素,合理地配置这些因素能够有效地提高脱硫效率。     

水合煅烧改性CaO孔隙的实验分析

水合煅烧是改善CaO脱硫性能的一种有效方式，从改变水钙比和煅烧温度两个影响因素出发，实验研究了高温煅烧后CaO颗粒孔隙特性的变化，并结合TGA实验测定了水合煅烧CaO的脱硫性能的改变效果，最后从孔隙内液体相变析出的膨化作用与毛细作用两个角度解释了实验现象。     

低温烟气脱硫实验研究

文章在烟气增湿实验台的基础上，进行了低温烟气脱硫的实验研究。试验工况参数为钙硫化：Ca/S=1.5,2,2.5,3；烟气温度与水蒸汽露点的温差△T=20,10,5℃；烟气流速V=1,2m/s，沿程对水合反应器的不同高度的脱硫反应程度进行了测试。结果表明，△T，Ca/S和烟气流速是影响脱硫效率的主要因素。     

氧化钙水合煅烧后孔隙特性的分析

介绍了CaO经水合煅烧后的特性,分析了煅烧终温和水钙比对样品孔隙特性的影响。认为水合煅烧有利于提高样品的比表面积和比孔容积和优化孔径分布,不同水钙比水合样品具有不同的脱硫能力,且呈一定的规律性变化。随着煅烧温度的增加,小孔的数量减少,大孔的数量增加,随着水钙比的增加,样品的比表面积和比孔容积都有逐渐减少的趋势,且小孔的数量减少,大孔的数量增加。     

循环流化床锅炉脱硫飞灰的水活化实验研究

以310 t/h循环流化床锅炉脱硫飞灰为原料,在不同的水活化条件下进行活化机理的实验研究,探讨了水活化温度、活化时间、活化水量对灰中游离氧化钙水合反应转化率的影响规律,并研究了水活化对孔隙结构的影响。结果表明:水活化过程中,水合反应与消耗氢氧化钙的胶凝反应同时进行;水活化过程中氢氧化钙含量呈现快速上升、慢速上升、缓慢下降的规律;随活化温度提高,水合反应与胶凝反应速率均提高,中期持续时间缩短,活化时间一定时,活化温度存在最佳值;活化水量的增加,可以加快水合反应与胶凝反应速率,活化时间处于后期时,活化水量存在最佳值。     

工业锅炉分层燃烧脱硫技术研究

针对造成工业锅炉散煤燃烧固硫效率低的原因和特点,提出了分层燃烧脱硫技术以克服层燃炉燃烧固硫条件下固硫剂在高温床层中停留时间过长的矛盾,并在０．５ｔ／ｈ链条炉上进行了分层燃烧脱硫试验,结果表明：分层燃烧脱硫实现了煤层内和煤层上方空间同时脱硫的目的,使链条炉脱硫效率得到大幅度的提高,是一种很有前途的燃烧固硫技术。     

两种脱硫剂在水煤浆锅炉燃烧脱硫中的实验比较

通过实验对Ca(OH)2和NaOH两种脱硫剂在水煤浆锅炉燃烧脱硫中的效果进行了分析和实验对比.实验结果表明,使用Ca(OH)2和NaOH作脱硫剂,当Ca/S摩尔比和Na/S摩尔比分别为1和4时,脱硫率分别可达到75%和60%.     

Effect of lime loading on the performance of simultaneous lime treatment and dry anaerobic digestion of smooth cordgrass

The effects of lime loading on simultaneous lime treatment and dry digestion (SLTDD) of smooth cordgrass (SC) were evaluated at 35°C by batch reactors and leaching bed reactors (LBRs). Biogas yields of 1.5%, 3%, and 5% (w/w) lime loadings decreased by 7.1%, 20%, and 75.7%, respectively, compared with no-lime treatment with 198.0 mL/g total solids (TS) by batch reactors. The LBRs with liquid recycling and pH adjustment enhanced biogas production with 148.1–236.1 mL/g TS. The inhibition occurred SLTDD may be ascribed to be high pH and temperature from lime hydration at the initial stage. The activity for methanogenic bacteria was more inhibited than other anaerobic bacteria.     

Combined ethanol and methane production from switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) impregnated with lime prior to steam explosion

Pretreatments are crucial to achieve efficient conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to soluble sugars. In this light, switchgrass was subjected to 13 pretreatments including steam explosion alone (195 °C for 5, 10 and 15 min) and after impregnation with the following catalysts: Ca(OH)₂ at low (0.4%) and high (0.7%) concentration; Ca(OH)₂ at high concentration and higher temperature (205 °C for 5, 10 and 15 min); H₂SO₄ (0.2% at 195 °C for 10 min) as reference acid catalyst before steam explosion. Enzymatic hydrolysis was carried out to assess pretreatment efficiency in both solid and liquid fraction. Thereafter, in selected pretreatments the solid fraction was subjected to simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF), while the liquid fraction underwent anaerobic digestion (AD). Lignin removal was lowest (12%) and highest (35%) with steam alone and 0.7% lime, respectively. In general, higher cellulose degradation and lower hemicellulose hydrolysis were observed in this study compared to others, depending on lower biomass hydration during steam explosion. Mild lime addition (0.4% at 195 °C) enhanced ethanol in SSF (+28% than steam alone), while H₂SO₄ boosted methane in AD (+110%). However, methane represented a lesser component in combined energy yield (ethanol, methane and energy content of residual solid). Mild lime addition was also shown less aggressive and secured more residual solid after SSF, resulting in higher energy yield per unit raw biomass. Decreased water consumption, avoidance of toxic compounds in downstream effluents, and post process recovery of Ca(OH)₂ as CaCO₃ represent further advantages of pretreatments involving mild lime addition before steam explosion.     

新型吸附式制冷系统吸附床的研究进展

吸附床的传热传质性能是提高吸附式制冷效率的关键,优化吸附床的结构能够有效提高整个吸附床的传热传质效率,减少热量损失,提高系统的制冷效率（coefficient of performance, COP）和单位质量吸附剂制冷量（specific cooling power, SCP）。本文介绍了近年来几种新型吸附床的类型,综述了吸附剂侧的固化吸附剂和涂层吸附剂,以及换热器侧的新型换热器结构。最后阐述新型吸附床的未来发展方向和研究重点。     

石灰炉热工参数数值分析与优化

根据炉内热平衡和物料平衡原理，建立了石灰炉内反应与传热过程数学物理模型以及石灰燃烧分解率的在线监测模型；运行计算机模拟研究了各操作参数对石灰石燃烧过程的影响，提出了改善技术经济指标的措施；采用VB进行数据通讯和实时监测编程，实现了石灰炉运行的集中监测，有利于石灰炉高效稳定运行，达到增产降耗的目标。     

石灰炉热工优化与节能的研究

建立在热平衡和物料平衡基础上 ,对某厂4m× 2 1m石灰炉热平衡状态的主要影响因素进行了热工过程分析 ,提出了石灰炉的最优控制条件和措施 ,并对其节能效益进行了估计。     

Assessment methodology of promising porous materials for near ambient temperature hydrogen storage applications

With the rapid increasing of the available number of novel porous materials, a straightforward and low-cost testing methodology to assess those suitable for near ambient temperature hydrogen storage applications is needed. In this work, we developed a new assessment methodology to quickly identify those porous materials potentially suitable for near ambient temperature hydrogen storage applications. We introduced the usable capacity map showing why the absolute adsorption capacity at the temperature of 77 K is not a good indicator to compare the material's storage performance. In fact, some porous material that shows low usable capacity at 77 K appear to be better adsorbent at a higher temperature. Moreover, we demonstrated that using quick cyclic adsorption isotherm or TDS is possible to easily individuate those materials that are the most suitable for near ambient temperature applications. Therefore, as a general result, we showed that among the three commercial activated carbon, used here as case study, the one with the higher content of ultramicroporosity is the most promising because the optimum operating temperature shifts towards ambient temperature.     

浅谈中水对石灰处理的影响

结合电厂实际对中水对石灰处理的影响进行了探讨,分析了中水中非碳酸盐碱度对石灰处理的影响,分析了中水有机物对石灰处理的影响,并对石灰处理对中水中磷的去除情况进行了分析,结果表明石灰处理除常见的一些特点外,针对中水处理还具有其独特的特点。