烧成温度和成孔剂掺量对烧结制备保温材料性能的影响

本文对利用新疆页岩加入兰炭成孔剂制备的烧结保温材料的各项性能进行研究.首先对原料的理化指标进行实验分析,分析结果为:新疆页岩的化学成分适宜制备烧结保温砌块,页岩烧成温度范围为850 ～ 1050℃,最佳烧成温度为950℃.其次,向页岩中添加不同比例的兰炭成孔剂,在不同温度下烧成,测试其抗压强度、体积密度及显气孔率.结果表明:随着烧成温度的升高,试样抗压强度增大,体积密度增加,显气孔率降低;随着成孔剂掺量的增加,试样抗压强度下降,体积密度减小,显气孔率提高.当造孔剂添加量为12％,烧成湿度为1040℃时,试样抗压强度等级达到MU20,导热系数下降至0.3598 W/(m·K),比不加成孔剂降低了20％以上.SEM分析结果表明,加入成孔剂后可使试样内部产生微孔,使导热系数降低.     

镁渣多孔陶瓷滤球气孔率的调控

以镁工业废渣为主原料,添加一些成孔剂及天然矿物烧结助剂,制备了可用于工业废水及废气处理的高性能镁渣多孔陶瓷滤球。讨论了3种成孔剂的成孔效果和影响气孔率、强度的因素。理化性能和显微结构测试表明,高温成孔剂石墨添加量为20%,烧成温度为1100℃时,样品的显气孔率为56.17%,吸水率为43.76%,体积密度为1.28g/cm3,抗压碎强度为34.21MPa,耐酸性为99.59%,耐碱性为99.81%;低温成孔剂煤粉和白云石的加入也能起到气孔率调控的作用。镁渣多孔陶瓷滤球的气孔分布均匀,呈三维连通状,有利于实现其过滤性能。     

高温除尘用微粉SiC多孔陶瓷的制备和性能研究

本文以平均粒径为2.4 μm微粉SiC颗粒作为多孔陶瓷的主要原料,活性炭和石墨为造孔剂,再添加陶瓷粘结剂和羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)溶液,采用逐层包覆工艺混料成型.将成型后的胚体在1300℃下烧结出不同陶瓷粘结剂含量(5～ 15wt％)(下同)以及不同成型压力(5～20 MPa)下的多孔陶瓷并研究了其气孔率、收缩率、过滤压降及抗压强度随陶瓷粘结剂含量以及不同成型压力下的变化.研究表明多孔陶瓷的气孔率随着成型压力由12.2MPa增加到48.8 MPa和粘结剂含量5％增加到15％气孔率逐渐降低,其抗压强度分别随着胚体成型压力的增大和粘结剂含量的增加而增加,烧结后胚体收缩率随粘结剂含量有先降低后增加的趋势.在粘结剂含量为10％时,成型压力19.52 MPa下多孔陶瓷的抗压强度和显气孔率都取得了较高的值,分别为31.75 MPa和29.87％,室温下空气流量为0.016 m3·h-1时,过滤压降为21.23 hPa.     

聚四氟乙烯泡沫材料的成型工艺

介绍PTFE泡沫材料的成型工艺。采用悬浮PTFE,稠环芳烃成孔剂,经混合后进行预成型,预成型压力25～40MPa,将预成型产品进行烧结,在烧结起始阶段为干燥,使成孔剂逸出。待成孔剂全部逸出后即可进入烧结阶段。可按不同配比制出不同介电常数的材料以满足使用要求。     

孔隙率和孔径对反应烧结多孔氮化硅陶瓷介电性能的影响

研究添加成孔剂法制备的有球形宏观孔的多孔氮化硅陶瓷在不同孔隙率和孔径下的介电性能.通过控制成孔剂苯甲酸的加入量和调节成孔剂的粒径可达到烧结体的气孔率和孔径可控的目的.结果表明:随着成孔剂量的增加,样品气孔率变大,反应烧结后烧结体中的α-Si3N4相增多,样品的介电常数ε'和介电损耗tanδ降低.在成孔剂加入的质量分数为30%时,随着成孔剂的粒径变大,反应烧结后烧结体中气孔的直径变大而气孔率不变,样品的ε'和tan δ也相应降低.得到的样品中最低的ε'值为2.4297.     

兼有脱硫性能陶瓷过滤元件的制备及其研究

以刚玉为骨料,高岭土、钾长石为烧结助剂,活性炭为造孔剂,铁酸锌为脱硫剂,通过等静压成型,制备出具有双层结构的兼有脱硫性能的陶瓷过滤元件,研究了骨料粒度及铁酸锌脱硫剂对试样孔径、气孔率、强度的影响,以及骨料对铁酸锌脱硫剂脱硫性能的影响.并用SEM分析了试样的断面形貌,压汞仪测定了试样的孔径、气孔率.结果表明: 骨料粒度为80 μm,外层加20%的铁酸锌制备出的双层结构多孔陶瓷过滤元件,平均孔径为20 μm,气孔率49%,外层抗弯强度为10 MPa,内层不加脱硫剂抗弯强度达到28 MPa,界面结合较好,能满足高温煤气除尘脱硫的需要.     

多孔二氧化锆基隔热材料的制备及性能

为制备高气孔率的隔热材料,采用水基凝胶注模法制备了多孔二氧化锆基陶瓷材料.研究了干燥方式、添加氧化铝粉体、固相含量、烧结温度等因素对多孔陶瓷气孔率、密度、微观形貌等的影响,对比了低温干燥、溶液置换干燥和真空冷冻干燥三种干燥方式对低固相含量凝胶注模湿坯干燥的影响.通过实时监测坯体在高温下的烧结影像及尺寸变化,研究了二氧化锆基陶瓷的烧结收缩行为,揭示了添加氧化铝粉体对二氧化锆基陶瓷烧结收缩的抑制作用机理.结果表明真空冷冻干燥是最佳干燥工艺.添加体积分数为32％氧化铝粉体的样品的烧结收缩相比未添加氧化铝粉体的样品减少近60％.通过对固相含量、烧结温度的调配,并结合适宜的干燥工艺及添加氧化铝等手段对坯体收缩进行控制,最终获得了气孔率达到74.44％,压缩强度为3.19 MPa的多孔二氧化锆基陶瓷材料.     

以PMMA为造孔剂的凝胶注模工艺制备多孔Al2O3陶瓷

以Al_2O_3为原料、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)微球为造孔剂、异丁烯/马来酸酐共聚物(Isobam104)为胶凝剂和分散剂、一水柠檬酸(CA)作为稳定剂,采用凝胶注模与造孔剂相结合的方法制备出多孔Al_2O_3陶瓷。研究了分散胶凝剂、稳定剂含量对浆料流变性能的影响,以及造孔剂添加量、不同烧结温度对多孔Al_2O_3陶瓷气孔率和抗压强度的影响。结果表明:制备的多孔Al2O3陶瓷具有均匀的多孔结构,平均孔径为4μm左右;当造孔剂含量从10%(质量分数)增至50%时,多孔Al_2O_3陶瓷的气孔率从45.53%上升至64.98%,抗压强度从31.74 MPa下降至9.83 MPa;当烧结温度从1 500℃升高至1 650℃时,多孔Al_2O_3陶瓷的气孔率从60.31%下降至47.81%,抗压强度从9.00 MPa上升至54.75 MPa。     

仿天然孔径结构氧化铝质人造岩芯的研制

采用氧化铝、矾土等原料为骨料,以丙烯酰胺为单体、聚甲基丙烯酸铵为分散剂、氨水为体系pH值的调节剂、引发剂、造孔剂和催化剂,利用凝胶注模原位固化成型技术、骨料堆积法和添加造孔剂法制备出了仿天然孔径结构的人造岩芯。抗压强度、显气孔率的性能测试和SEM的分析表明:人造岩芯的抗压强度≥50MPa、显气孔率≥25%、微细孔径≤0.lmm。     

Al2O3多孔陶瓷的制备和性能研究

采用乙基纤维素为成孔剂制备了Al2O3多孔陶瓷,探讨了工艺参数对其性能的影响。研究结果表明,造孔剂含量、球磨时间及烧结温度均对多孔陶瓷的气孔率和抗折强度有影响。烧结温度的升高使得气孔率降低,但变化不明显,抗折强度明显提高。随造孔剂含量的升高,使得气孔率逐渐上升,超过20％后变化趋于平稳。随着球磨时间的增加,试样呈现气孔率下降和抗折强度升高的趋势。以烧结温度为1580℃,造孔剂含量20％;球磨时间为2．5h的条件下,可获得高显气孔率、抗折强度较高的舢203多孔陶瓷。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。