玻璃表面化学增强技术

玻璃的理论强度很高,但由于原料组成、熔化、成形和退火等各工艺过程的影响,玻璃的实际强度比理论值要低很多。采用表面化学增强技术,能够降低玻璃的表面缺陷,提升玻璃的力学强度、表面硬度、耐划伤等性能。玻璃表面化学增强技术有离子交换法、表面化学抛光、脱碱增强法、表面涂层增强、表面微晶化增强技术等方法,通过对上述方法的研究和对比分析,每种方法都有各自相应的特点和应用范围,这些方法拓宽了玻璃表面化学增强技术的研究和发展。     

基于正交试验法的黄麻纤维增强聚氨酯复合材料综合性能研究

针对黄麻纤维增强聚氨酯复合材料，选取了主要可控工艺参数纤维质量分数、纤维长度、模压压力和纤维表面处理方法作为试验因素，设计了三水平四因素的正交试验，并依据国标要求进行了拉伸、弯曲和冲击等方面的力学性能试验。通过对试验结果进行极差分析，研究了各种工艺参数对黄麻纤维增强聚氨酯复合材料力学性能的影响情况，并找出了针对不同力学性能指标的最优工艺参数组合方案，为提高制品的力学性能提供了工艺改进依据。     

由玻璃陶瓷制造的制品对撞击接触作用的抵抗性

本文介绍了按照陶瓷工艺制造的含β-锂辉石、强度提高的和未提高的制品（流线型外罩）和试样对撞击接触作用的抵抗性的研究结果。试验采用钢球向试样或流线型外罩表面撞击的方法。试验了小截面及中等截面的流线型外罩和不同厚度的试样。测定了制品受到破坏时的撞击高度，计算了撞击力。强度提高的流线型外罩受到破坏的撞击力比强度未提高的该外罩要高13—14％。采用强度未提高的玻璃陶瓷试样评估了采用塑性材料作保护层的可能性。由于缺少关于试验方法的特性和试验制品本身的完整资料，故认为无法对试验结果做具体的比较。     

牙科照明用异型微结构玻璃光纤棒的研究

针对传统牙科照明用光纤柔软易折断,装配难度大,端面易浸入血水造成交叉感染,敛集率低,光传输效率低等问题,研发了一种异型微结构玻璃光纤棒作为牙科照明手机内的通光元件,在装配、消毒、通光率等方面与传统牙科照明光纤做对比后证实刚性异型微结构玻璃光纤棒易于装配,耐医用高温高压消毒,且端面致密,抵制血水浸入;并在多次高温高压消毒后依然具备很高的光传输效率。     

玻璃的化学抛光

經过磨琢的名貴玻璃器皿,或者磨平过的玻璃制品,实际上总是带有粗糙的表面,故須經最后的拋光工序,使制品加工的表面恢复玻璃所特有的透明性和光泽。拋光有三种方法:即加热拋光,机械拋光和化学拋光。加热拋光是使制品表面加热到开始軟化的程度。由于鋒利而突出的边緣或制品表面不平部分软熔的結果,使制品获得平滑的表面,但此法易使制品产生內应力或变形,故仅限于应用在压制产品和玻璃容器口部的修饰。机械抛光是应用最普遍的一种,特別广泛地用于片玻璃及光学玻璃。此类加工工艺除极少数用手工操作外,大     

玻璃辐射着色及防止着色途径的研究

本文扼要地介绍了研究玻璃辐射着色的方法,测定了各类玻璃在γ射线辐照下变色情况。分析玻璃辐照着色机理后,提出了三种防止玻璃着色的途径。比较详细地讨论了氧化铈在各类玻璃中着色情况及防止辐照着色的作用。对于试制耐辐射光学玻璃中一些工艺因素,提出了若干试验结果。     

期刊文摘

<正>玻璃嵌件注射成型技术(日)《プラスチックス》第65卷第7期第58-61页2014年近年来制品的小型化、轻量化、薄壁化、低价格化,受到人们广泛关注。嵌件注射成型技术可以减少制品成型次数。使制品组件数量和生产效率提高。长期以来光学玻璃零件与塑料零件组合采用粘接剂,生产效率低,产品质量不均一。日本大成プラス公司成功开发光学玻璃零件作为嵌件进行塑料注射成型加     

国外医用聚氯乙烯树脂发展

由于使用共混法改性的聚氯乙烯医用制品不太稳定，国外在采用化学改性方法制造聚氯乙烯医用制品，即通过共聚方法生产共聚树脂，本文介绍国外医用聚氯乙烯树脂的发展。     

光纤传感器在监测RTM固化过程及复合材料健康状况中的应用

本文论述了应用光纤传感器对RTM的固化过程及制品疲劳损伤进行监测的技术方法。研究中，采用的增强材料的玻璃布，环氧树脂作基体。应用两种光纤应变传感器进行应变测定，一种是Bragg光栅（FBG）传感器；另一种是外置式Fabry-perot干涉型（EFPI）传感器。传感器埋入方向与树脂流动方向垂直或平行。研究结果表明：垂直埋入的FBG传感器在被固化树脂约束前，复观性差。另外，还发现FBG和EFPI传感器在冷态下具有良好的准确性。平行埋入的FBG传感器在模塑工艺中表现出良好的复观性。标距为1mm和4mm的传感器的应变现象不同。上述结果说明，将光纤传感器埋入FRP中，光纤传感器的埋入结构和标距对应变测量的精度有影响。利用埋入的光纤传感器进行固化监测，然后再循环加载试验，测定其内应变。循环加载试验的结果是用FBG传感器测得的应变与粘贴应变片测得的应变具有良好的一致性。本项研究得出的结论是：通过埋入FBG应变传感器可对RTM成型FRP工艺过程和使用过程中的内应变进行有效地监测。     

光学玻璃进展（四）

4 光学玻璃连续熔炼 4.1 光学玻璃连续熔炼的优点 最早的光学玻璃制造使用陶瓷坩埚熔化、搅拌、破埚再成形的方法制造.镧系玻璃的出现,促使铂坩埚熔炼的出现.光学玻璃制造技术和工艺已在<光学玻璃>中详细叙述.建筑玻璃、空心玻璃制品早已使用连续池窑方法制造.     

玻璃纤维非织造布

非织造布是用化学、机械、加热或溶剂处理方式把纤维交缠形成的织物状材料。国际上的玻璃纤维非织造布在玻璃纤维产品中占有较大比例,应用范围颇广。文中讲述了玻璃纤维非织造布的主要类型及它们的应用范围和市场动态,借此展示玻璃纤维的宽泛用途和强大生命力。     

Mechanical Failure of Bent Optical Fiber Subjected to High Power

As optical fiber penetrates further into the communications infrastructure and comes closer to the home or business, higher optical power levels are expected. Several studies have shown that sharply bent optical fiber will fail prematurely when exposed to high optical power levels. In an extreme case, where the fiber is bent to a maximum bend stress on the order of 2 GPa and subjected to a power level of 1–2 W in the near-infrared wavelength window, optical fiber will fail in minutes. Time to failure decreases with increasing bend stress and optical power. A recent report suggests that power levels in the range of a few hundred milliwatts may be enough to induce delayed failure in bent fiber. This study explores the progression of events leading to failure. Light that escapes the core of bent fiber passes into the coating, where a small amount is absorbed and converted to heat. The coating heats to a stable temperature and visually darkens with time. This is followed by an abrupt rise in temperature, which occurs as the coating transforms to a highly absorptive material, consistent with thermal runaway. The abrupt rise in coating temperature stimulates viscoelastic deformation of the glass. Glass deformation is explained in terms of the ability of highly quenched glass to experience viscous flow at temperatures well below the glass transition range (i.e. sub-Tg aging or relaxation). As the glass portion of the fiber moves toward a "kinked" configuration, it concentrates more power on a smaller region of coating, resulting in further temperature increase. There is no evidence of the fiber fuse effect in the lower viscosity glass core. The final kinked configuration of the glass fiber leads to complete attenuation of the light and failure is complete. Coating decomposition is self-limiting with no visible flame. A coating with a refractive index near or below that of silica was found to virtually eliminate this failure mode.     

Experimental characterization of interfacial adhesion of an optical fiber embedded in a composite material

The efficiency of an optical sensor embedded in a composite structure strongly depends on the interfacial adhesion between the optical fiber coating and the surrounding solid material. The present paper reports on the study of the interfacial adhesion of an optical fiber embedded in a composite material. A simple system composed of optical fibers embedded in an epoxy vinylester resin was first studied to evaluate the influence of embedded length, curing temperature and curing time. Pull-out tests on optical fibers bonded in epoxy vinylester/glass fiber composite material were carried out to measure the effect of glass concentration on the fiber bonding. The pull-out results showed no effect of both embedded length and curing temperature. However, an increase of the interfacial debonding stress is reported with increased curing time. For the optical fiber/composite system, a linear evolution of interfacial debonding stress with increasing glass fiber concentration is reported.     

浅谈玻璃纤维表面处理用热源及加热方式

对玻璃纤维进行表面处理是提高玻璃纤维性能,拓展应用领域的一种重要技术途径。论及的玻璃纤维表面处理指玻璃纤维热处理和表面化学处理,二者均需耗费能源。热源和加热方式的选择不但影响玻璃纤维表面处理产品性能质量,而且直接影响到生产成本。     

Concentration effect of γ‐glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane on the mechanical properties of glass fiber–epoxy composites

In this study, glass fibers were modified using γ‐glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane of different concentrations to improve the interfacial adhesion at interfaces between fibers and matrix. Effects of γ‐glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane on mechanical properties and fracture behavior of glass fiber/epoxy composites were investigated experimentally. Mechanical properties of the composites have been investigated by tensile tests, short beam tests, and flexural tests. The short‐beam method was used to measure the interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) of laminates. The tensile and flexural properties of composites were characterized by tensile and three‐point bending tests, respectively. The fracture surfaces of the composites were observed with a scanning electron microscope. On comparing the results obtained for the different concentrations of silane solution, it was found that the 0.5% GPS silane treatment provided the best mechanical properties. The ILSS value of heat‐cleaned glass fiber reinforced composite is enhanced by ∼59% as a result of the glass fiber treatment with 0.5% γ‐GPS. Also, an improvement of about 37% in tensile strength, about 78% in flexural strength of the composite with the 0.5% γ‐GPS treatment of glass fibers was observed. POLYM. COMPOS., 2009. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers     

高硅氧玻璃纤维制品烧结工艺可节能性探讨

为减少高硅氧玻璃纤维后处理过程中消耗的大量热能，对传统烧结工艺进行改良，研究烧结工艺的可节能性。研究发现原烧结过程是在敞开体系里进行，易损失大量热能；在封闭体系进行高硅氧玻璃纤维烧结处理，则可减少能量损失。经综合分析，最终确定新工艺至少可节能约25％。     

Phenol‐modified polypropylenes as adhesion promoters in glass fiber–reinforced polypropylene composites

This publication is based on research work done on functional phenol‐modified polypropylenes (PPs) as adhesion promoters in glass fiber–reinforced PP composites. The glass fiber roving was first impregnated with different combinations of functional polymers and polypropylene in a melt impregnation die attached to an extruder to obtain prepreg. The prepreg was then tested in many ways both macro‐ and micromechanically. The tests included notched tensile tests, optical and electron microscopy, and DMTA (dynamic mechanical thermal analyzer) and DSC (differential scanning calorimetry) analyses as well as determination of the glass content. The tests were run on prepregs containing pure PP, PP with a commercial adhesion promoter, and PP with a number of functional, mostly phenol‐based, polymers. Also, single‐fiber tests were performed on individual glass fibers to test the level of adhesion with the above‐mentioned material combinations. With these tests it could be seen that some of the phenol‐based functional polymers provided the prepreg with better adhesion between the fibers and the matrix than did the commercial adhesion promoter. Optical and electron microscopy also were used in determining the level of adhesion as well as the deformation and fracture mechanisms of the prepreg. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 84: 1203–1213, 2002; DOI 10.1002/app.10441     

采用X-射线荧光光谱仪测定玻璃化学成分

介绍了利用X-射线荧光光谱仪采用熔片方法检测玻璃化学成分的方法。具体介绍了制样过程、标准样品的选择、光谱仪测试条件的确定及标准曲线的建立，以及最终完成对玻纤样品化学成分的分析。并对该方法的准确度和精密度做了验证试验。     

Interfacial bonding and optical transmission for transparent fiberglass/poly(methyl methacrylate) composites

Evidence is presented relating the interfacial bonding strength and the optical transmission of transparent glass fiber reinforced PMMA composites. The temperature dependent (20° to 50°C) optical transmission of composites that contained uncoated 13 μm glass fibers and 13 μm glass fibers coated with divinyltetramethyl disilazane or 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate was found to decrease in the same order as the bond strength of the PMMA/glass fiber interface, namely, trimethoxy silane coated fiber, disilazane coated fiber, and uncoated fiber. SEM photographs showed similar fracture surfaces, clean fiber pull-out, and no apparent bonding of the glass fiber to the PMMA for the composites containing uncoated and disilazane coated fiber, whereas, the composite containing trimethoxy silane coated fiber showed virtually no clean fiber pullout. Additional evidence for differences in the bonding strength is seen in the degradation (penetration of water and fiber whitening) on aging at 23°C in air or water for composites containing uncoated fiber (most degradation), disilazane coated fiber (slight degradation), and trimethoxy silane coated fiber (no degradation). The optical transmission between 20° and 30°C at 600 to 800 nm for the composite containing trimethoxy silane coated fiber decreased the least with increasing temperature (from ∼85% to 70%) while the composite containing uncoated fiber decreased the most (from ∼85% to 32%).     

航空用接插件材料的研究

甲基苯基乙烯基硅橡胶与聚四氟乙烯、玻璃纤维共混所制得的橡塑合金材料,具有优良的耐热性、耐低温性、耐潮湿性和绝缘性,并具有优良的成型加工性能,能成型各种形状复杂的制件,可用于制造在高低温条件下使用的半硬质绝缘制件及Ｈ级、Ｃ级电器绝缘制品,制得的航空用接插件经受了高低温冲击实验,性能符合要求。