聚碳硅烷粘结法低温制备碳化硅多孔陶瓷

分别以平均粒径为10μm和20μm的两种规格碳化硅(SiC)粉末为原料、聚碳硅烷(PCS)为粘结剂,通过包混、过筛、模压成型、1000℃热解等工序制备了SiC多孔陶瓷,研究了PCS含量对SiC多孔陶瓷微观形貌、线收缩率、孔隙率与抗弯强度的影响,并对两种规格粉末制备的SiC多孔陶瓷性能进行了对比。结果表明:随着PCS含量的增加,两种规格粉末制备的SiC多孔陶瓷微观形貌都逐渐变得致密,当PCS含量为13%时,两种规格粉末制备的多孔陶瓷都出现了微观裂纹。随着PCS含量的增加,两种规格粉末制备的SiC多孔陶瓷孔隙率都逐渐降低,线收缩率都逐渐增大,抗弯强度先增大后降低,在PCS含量为10%时,平均粒径为10μm与20μm的SiC粉末制备的多孔陶瓷抗弯强度取得最大值,分别为31.6MPa与29.0MPa。     

低温制备SiC多孔陶瓷及性能

采用SiC微粉为骨料,聚碳硅烷为粘结剂,混合后溶于THF中干燥过筛,经模压成型后于1000℃保护气氛下低温烧结制备SiC多孔陶瓷。运用XRD、SEM及孔隙率测定手段对陶瓷样品的物相结构、微观形貌及孔隙率进行研究,考察了不同聚碳硅烷含量对SiC多孔陶瓷抗弯强度、线收缩率及气孔率的影响。结果表明,随着聚碳硅烷含量的增加,SiC多孔陶瓷的线收缩率和失重比均增加,抗弯强度和显气孔率均先增加后下降,抗弯强度在聚碳硅烷含量为13%时达到最大值为58.45MPa,开口气孔率在PCS含量为5%时达到最大值为37.2%。     

聚碳硅烷低温制备杉木结构SiC陶瓷

杉木经NaOH预处理后,浸渍聚碳硅烷有机溶剂浆料,在1000℃、N_2气氛下低温烧结,制成一种具有杉木显微结构的多孔SiC陶瓷。研究了浆料中PCS含量对烧成SiC多孔陶瓷的微观形貌、线收缩率、体积密度及元素含量变化等性能的影响。结果表明:SiC多孔陶瓷保留了原木材的纤维束和管状孔结构,并且随着PCS含量的增加,SiC多孔陶瓷壁厚也随之增大。烧成SiC多孔陶瓷线收缩率随PCS含量的增加而增加;体积密度随PCS含量的增加而增大。     

聚碳硅烷低温制备碳化硅泡沫陶瓷

采用具有连通气孔的聚氨酯海绵浸渍聚碳硅烷（polycarbosilane,PCS）、碳化硅微粉与四氢呋喃配制的浆料,挂浆素坯经热氧化不熔化处理后,在惰性气氛中于1 000℃热解制备碳化硅泡沫陶瓷。研究了固相含量和PCS含量对碳化硅泡沫陶瓷微观结构、体积密度、线收缩率和抗弯强度的影响,结果表明：固相含量为43.1%～69...     

添加亚微米SiC微粉对聚碳硅烷低温制备SiC多孔陶瓷性能的影响

以平均粒径为20μm的SiC粉末为原料、亚微米SiC微粉为添加相、聚碳硅烷(polycarbosilane,PCS)为黏结剂,通过混粉、模压、热氧化不熔化处理、烧成等工序制备了SiC多孔陶瓷。研究了亚微米SiC微粉添加量对SiC多孔陶瓷微观形貌、线收缩率、孔隙率和抗弯强度的影响。结果表明:随亚微米微粉添加量的增加,多孔陶瓷微观裂纹逐渐减少直至消失,孔隙率先急剧增大后逐渐减小,线收缩率先急剧减小后逐渐增大,抗弯强度先增大后减小;在PCS含量为10%、15%与20%时,对应亚微米SiC微粉添加量为15%、30%与40%时,抗弯强度获得最大值分别为52.1MPa、54.6MPa与62.4MPa,与未添加亚微米微粉时相比,提高幅度分别达180%、285%与392%。     

不同生物模板低温烧结制备SiC木材陶瓷的对比研究

分别以毛竹、竹纤维、脱脂棉为模板,采用聚碳硅烷(PCS)有机溶剂浆料浸渍法,在惰性气氛下低温热解制备了SiC木材陶瓷,分别对烧成产物的微观形貌、线收缩率、体积密度、力学性能和元素组成等特征变化进行了讨论分析。结果表明:以PCS为陶瓷先驱体,选用不同生物模板,在1000℃下可低温烧结制备出SiC木材陶瓷。毛竹模板和竹纤维模板制备得到的木材陶瓷能较好地保留模板材料的原有结构,脱脂棉制模板则形成了不规则的通孔结构。随着PCS含量的增加,三种模板烧成的SiC木材陶瓷的线收缩率均逐渐降低;体积密度逐渐增大;竹纤维和脱脂棉模板制备的SiC木材陶瓷的抗弯强度逐渐增大,毛竹模板制备的SiC木材陶瓷的抗弯强度先上升后下降。相同PCS含量下,毛竹结构SiC木材陶瓷抗弯强度更大。     

CeO2增强锆莫来石泡沫陶瓷性能的研究

以氧化铝、锆英石和高岭土等为原料,稀土氧化物CeO2为添加剂,采用有机泡沫浸渍法,在1500℃烧结制备锆莫来石泡沫陶瓷,研究CeO2含量对泡沫陶瓷性能的影响,并观察其显微结构.结果表明:锆莫来石泡沫陶瓷的抗弯强度、热震性能随CeO2含量的增加先增加,而后略有下降.在CeO2含量为0.6wt％时制品的抗弯强度及抗热震性能最佳.其最高抗弯强度达1.96 MPa,1 100℃热震循环次数为12次.     

不同模板取样方式及烧结工艺低温制备SiC木材陶瓷

以废弃枫木为原材料,分别取轴向和径向的木材制成生物模板,以聚碳硅烷(PCS)为陶瓷前驱体,采用直接烧结法和分步炭化烧结法,在惰性气氛下1000℃低温热解制备了SiC木材陶瓷。分别对不同模板取样方式和不同烧结工艺下烧成产物的微观形貌、线收缩率、体积密度、力学性能和物相组成等特征变化进行了讨论分析。结果表明:以PCS为陶瓷先驱体,在1000℃低温下可以烧结制备出具有原木材模板结构特征的SiC木材陶瓷。预处理可以防止木材热解过程中的翘曲问题。轴向木材模板制备的SiC木材陶瓷在相同PCS含量下,线收缩率更低,开裂的几率更小,体积密度更大,抗弯强度更好,更适合用于承压情况。分步炭化烧结法制成的SiC木材陶瓷在相同模板取样方式和相同PCS含量下,壁厚更厚,线收缩率更低,体积密度更高,力学性能更好。     

化学结合法低温制备氧化铝泡沫陶瓷的研究

以磷酸二氢铝为粘结剂、电熔α氧化铝粉末为原料、聚氨酯海绵为模板低温制备出了氧化铝泡沫陶瓷.研究了浆料固相含量对氧化铝泡沫陶瓷微观形貌、线收缩率、体积密度和抗折强度的影响.结果表明:随浆料固相含量的增加,烧成氧化铝泡沫陶瓷的通孔率逐渐降低、体积密度与抗折强度逐渐提高,线收缩率均低于1％.在浆料固相含量为60％时,可制备出体积密度为0.83 g/cm3、抗折强度为(2.21±0.43) MPa、通孔率优异的泡沫陶瓷.     

磷酸盐结合法低温制备碳化硅泡沫陶瓷及其高温性能

以聚氨酯海绵为模板、磷酸二氢铝为黏结剂、碳化硅微粉为骨料,在800℃低温下制备出碳化硅泡沫陶瓷。研究了浆料中磷酸二氢铝含量、固相含量和高温处理对碳化硅泡沫陶瓷的线收缩率、体积密度、抗折强度、气孔率及微观形貌的影响,揭示了泡沫陶瓷在高温下结构及性能演变机理。结果表明:低温制备的碳化硅泡沫陶瓷线收缩率小于1%,线收缩率随固相含量的增加而减小,体积密度和抗折强度均随磷酸二氢铝和固相含量的增加而增大。低温制备的碳化硅泡沫陶瓷经高温处理后,其线收缩率、体积密度和抗折强度均随温度的升高先减小后增加,而气孔率则随温度的升高先增加后减小,处理温度为1 000℃时,碳化硅泡沫陶瓷抗折强度可达(2.06±0.10)MPa。碳化硅泡沫陶瓷低温下由A型和B型的Al(PO3)3将碳化硅微粉粘结起来,随着处理温度的升高,B型Al(PO3)3逐渐向A型转化,随着温度的进一步升高,A型Al(PO3)3逐渐分解成Al PO4相,将碳化硅微粉包裹、粘结起来。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。